This document discusses sources and selection of values from a human needs and cultural perspective. It summarizes Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and how values correlate with each need level, from physiological to self-actualization. Culture is also described as a major source of values, with each culture possessing its own guiding values and ideals. Key figures like Gandhi are cited explaining how culture expresses and represents the values of a group.

1. SOURCESAND SELECTION OF VALUES –
HUMAN NEEDSAND CULTURES
VALUEAND PEACE EDUCATION
PRESENTED BY - PRESENTED TO -
JHILINA PANDA DR. SHANKAR LAL NAYAK
ROLL NO-200150 ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SECTION- C SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
B.ED 2ND SEMESTER CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HARYANA
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HARYANA

2. What is Value ?
 Values are basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions. They help us to determine what is
important to us.
 It is important and lasting beliefs and ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable
or undesirable.
 It has a major influence on a person’s behavior and attitude and serves as broad guidelines in all situations.
Moral Ideas
Interests &
Attitudes
Preferences
Needs &
Necessities
Sentiments
&
Dispositions

3. Sources and Selection of Values

4. Sources & selection of Values – Human Needs
 Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who was best known for creating Maslow’s -
hierarchy of needs, a theory predicated on fulfilling innate human needs.
 Maslow contended that different needs are associated with different values.
 Values are correlated with each of the needs in Maslow’s hierarchy.
 ‘Human Values’ – Maslow used ‘values’ and ‘needs’ interchangeably.
 Maslow- Their values and needs are essentially the same thing.

5. Sources of Values: Human Needs
 Physiological Needs – biological requirements for human survival
- air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, sex, sleep etc.
 Safety Needs – protection from elements, security, order, law, stability etc.
 Love and belongingness Needs – after physiological and safety needs are
fulfilled
- interpersonal relationships ; friendship, trust
acceptance, affection and love.
 Esteem Needs - esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement and mastery etc.)
- the desire for respect from others (status and prestige)
 Self-actualization Needs - realizing personal potential, self- fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.
- a desire “to become everything one is capable of becoming”

6. Identifying the core values : Maslow’s Being-Values -
• Truth: honest, reality, beauty, pure, clean and unadulterated completeness
• Goodness: rightness, desirability, uprightness, benevolence, honesty
• Beauty: rightness, form, aliveness, simplicity, richness, wholeness, perfection, completion,
• Wholeness: unity, integration, tendency to oneness, interconnectedness, simplicity, organization, structure, order, not
dissociated, synergy
• Aliveness: process, not-deadness, spontaneity, self-regulation, full-functioning
• Uniqueness: idiosyncrasy, individuality, non comparability, novelty
• Perfection: nothing superfluous, nothing lacking, everything in its right place, just-rightness, suitability, justice
• Necessity: inevitability: it must be just that way, not changed in any slightest way
• Completion: ending, justice, fulfillment Justice: fairness, suitability, disinterestedness, non partiality,
• Order: lawfulness, rightness, perfectly arranged Simplicity: abstract, essential skeletal, bluntness
• Richness: differentiation, complexity, intricacy, totality
• Effortlessness: ease; lack of strain, striving, or difficulty
• Playfulness: fun, joy, amusement
• Self-sufficiency: autonomy, independence, self-determining

7. Sources and Selection of Values : Culture
 Gandhiji - “ Culture is the foundation, the primary thing. It should show itself in the smallest detail of your conduct and
personal behavior, how you sit, how you walk, how you dress, etc. Inner culture must be reflected in your speech, the way
in which you treat visitors and guests and behave towards any another and towards your teachers and elders.”
 Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, food habits, attires, laws,
customs, traditions, belief system, music and arts etc.

8. Sources of Values : Culture -
 Culture and Values are closely related.
 Culture is the expression of values.
 Culture represents values. Folks follow culture because of the values.
 Culture is defined as all of a group’s guiding values.
 Each culture possesses its own particular values and ideals.
 Values are a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society.

9. References -
Web Sources -
Cultural Values
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Cultuhttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow%23:~:
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OObc5O9rV9ral Values - IResearchNet
Values:
Dhttps://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow%23:~:text
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OObc5O9rV9efinition, Characteristics, Importance, Types of Values (iedunote.com)
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow%23:~:text%
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Other Sources-
Teacher’s study materials and guidance

10. THANK YOU