The document discusses the concept of DevOps, emphasizing its role in bridging the gap between development and operations through a culture of rapid and reliable software delivery. It introduces Vagrant as a tool for creating and managing reproducible development environments, alongside its integration with configuration management tools and public cloud services. Additionally, it outlines key commands, setup processes, debugging tips, plugin usage, and future developments related to Vagrant and DevOps practices.

1. Vagrant For DevOps
Lalatendu Mohanty
@lalatenduM

2. DevOps
What is it?
• It is a culture.
• Filling the gap between developer and operations.

3. DevOps
It aims at establishing a culture and environment
where building, testing, and releasing software, can
happen rapidly, frequently, and more reliably.
-Wikipedia
It means:
• Use right tools for automation, continuous
integration and achieve continuous delivery.

4. Vagrant
• Create and configure lightweight, reproducible,
and portable development environments.
• A higher-level wrapper around virtualization
software such as VirtualBox, VMware, KVM.
• Also wrapper around configuration management
software such as Ansible, Chef, Salt, and Puppet.
• Public clouds e.g. AWS, DigitalOcean can be
providers too.

5. Use Continuos Integration
Tools With Vagrant
• Machine provisioning
• Software provisioning
• Configuration Management

6. Vagrant :Quick Start
• mkdir centos; cd centos
• $ vagrant init centos/7
• $ vagrant up
OR
• $ vagrant up --provider <PROVIDER>
• $vagrant ssh
* These steps going to stay the same irrespective of OS and providers.

7. Understanding Vagrant
• Check the files in current directory
$ ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 4 lmohanty staff 136 Apr 23 01:04 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 lmohanty staff 476 Apr 22 23:32 ..
drwxr-xr-x 3 lmohanty staff 102 Apr 22 23:36 .vagrant
-rw-r--r-- 1 lmohanty staff 3178 Apr 23 01:04 Vagrantfile
$ tree .vagrant/
.vagrant/
└── machines
└── default
└── virtualbox
├── action_provision
├── action_set_name
├── creator_uid
├── id
├── index_uuid
├── private_key
└── synced_folders

8. Vagrantfile
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = “centos/7"
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: “192.168.33.10"
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize CPU
# v.cpus = 2
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# sudo yum update -y
# sudo yum install -y docker
# SHELL
end

9. Multi-machine Environment
• Setup multiple machines with just one “$ vagrant up”
command.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: "echo Hello"
config.vm.define "web" do |web|
web.vm.box = "apache"
end
config.vm.define "db" do |db|
db.vm.box = "mysql"
end
end

10. Using Configuration
management Software
• We have Vagrant provisioners for Puppet, Chef, Ansible, CFEngine etc
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# Run Ansible from the Host
config.vm.provision "ansible" do |ansible|
ansible.playbook = "playbook.yml"
end
end

11. Debugging
• VAGRANT_LOG environment variable for the desired log level name.
• Log levels are : debug (loud), info (normal), warn (quiet), and error (very
quiet)
$ VAGRANT_LOG=info vagrant up
OR
$ set VAGRANT_LOG=info
$ vagrant up
OR
$ vagrant up --info

12. Vagrant Plugins
• Add additional features or change default
behaviour.
• It is a Ruby gem. Vagrant is written in Ruby.
• List : https://github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/wiki/
Available-Vagrant-Plugins

13. Using DigitalOcean as a
Provider
• Install Vagrant plugin vagrant-digitalocean
• https://github.com/devopsgroup-io/vagrant-
digitalocean
• Demo

14. Vagrantbox
A Vagrantbox is a tarred, gzip file containing the following:
• Vagrantfile
• The information from this will be merged into your Vagrantfile that is created
when you run vagrant init boxname in a folder.
• box-disk.vmd (For Virtualbox)
• The box-disk.vmdk is the virtual machine image.
• box.of
• The box.ovf defines the virtual hardware for the box.
• metadata.son
• The metadata.json tells vagrant what provider the box works with.

15. Tools To Create Vagrantbox
• You can use tools like packer.io, imagefactory etc.
• You can build a Vagrantbox manually
• Or use “vagrant package” command for Virtualbox.
• Modify base boxes and reuse them.
• Also there is vagrant-mutate
• https://github.com/sciurus/vagrant-mutate

16. DevOps Workflow
• Use same configuration management code as
operations team in Vagrantfile.
• More automation means, more chance of parity
between development, testing and operations.
• Create a environment where developers and QA
can contribute to the automation and configuration
management code.

17. Future
• Otto
• The next generation tool from Hashicorp which uses Vagrant
and other ecosystem tools.
• But It is specially designed for micro services.
• Knows how to install and configure service dependencies for
development and deployment.
• otto dev : will create the development environment.
• otto infra, otto build, and otto deploy : will launches a complete
infrastructure, builds your application, and deploys it

18. References
• http://www.slideshare.net/nemo-mulodo/devops2-
vagrant-mosg
• https://blog.engineyard.com/2014/building-a-vagrant-
box
• https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/boxes/format.html
• http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/222427/how-
to-create-custom-vagrant-box-from-libvirt-kvm-instance
• https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/otto.html