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Introduction to docker and docker compose

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Lalatendu Mohanty
Lalatendu Mohanty

Docker allows packaging applications and dependencies into virtual containers that can run on any Linux server. This provides flexibility and portability. Docker images are lighter than virtual machines and use less storage. Docker Compose is a tool that defines and runs multi-container Docker applications using a YAML file to automate building, running, and linking containers together. It handles dependencies and startup order of containers to simplify running complex applications with multiple services.

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Introduction To Docker And Docker Compose DevOps and DigitalOcean meetup, Bangalore
whoami ● Lalatendu Mohanty ● @lalatenduM on Twitter ● Software Engineer at Red Hat ● lalatendu.org
Docker
What we want? ● Scalability, maintainability, Agility, Portability. ● DevOps tools. ● Improved resource utilization. ● A continuum of abstraction levels.
Linux Containers ● Use Linux kernel isolation features to give a VM like environment. ● Process isolation /Sandboxing. ● Example: Lxc, lmctfy, Docker, Rkt
Docker ● An easy to use Linux container technology. ● Docker image format. ● It helps in application packaging and delivery. Docker is a tool that can package an application and its dependencies in a virtual container that can run on any Linux server. This helps enable flexibility and portability on where the application can run, whether on premises, public cloud, private cloud, bare metal, etc. (Wikipedia)
Docker Vs Virtualization Positive expects of Docker: ● Lighter than Virtual machines. ● Size of docker images are very small compared ● We can run more docker containers on a reasonably sized host. ● Deploying and scaling is relatively easy. ● Containers have less startup time.
Docker Vs Virtualization Downside: ● Containers share a single kernel on a host. ● Less secure. ● You might need to redesign your application to take benefits.
Technologies behind docker ● Control groups: ○ Control Groups are another key component of Linux Containers ○ With Cgroup we can implement resource accounting and limiting. ○ Ensure that each container gets its fair share of memory, CPU, disk I/O. ○ Thanks to Cgroup, we can make sure that single container cannot bring the system down by exhausting resources. ● Union file systems: ○ Layered file system so you can have a read only part and a write part, and merge those together. ○ Docker images made up with are layers.
Technologies behind docker Namespaces ● It helps to create isolated workspace for each process. ● When you run a container, Docker creates a set of namespaces for that container. SELinux ● SELinux provides secure separation of containers by applying SELinux policy and labels.
Technologies behind docker Capabilities: ● By default Docker drops all capabilities except those needed. ● "root" within a container has much less privileges than the real "root". ● The best practice for users would be to remove all capabilities except those explicitly required for their processes. ● Even if an intruder manages to escalate to root within a container, it will be much harder to do serious damage, or to escalate to the host
Components ● Docker Images ● Docker containers ● Docker Hub ● Docker Registry ● Docker daemon ● Docker client.
Docker Components
Dockerfiles ● Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image. ● docker build can build images using Dockerfile. ● https://github.com/fedora-cloud/Fedora-Dockerfiles
Demo Link to workshop: http://bit.ly/1Ubah8o
Docker Compose
Let's talk about real life applications first! ● One application consists of multiple containers. ● One container is dependent on another. ● Mutual dependency/ startup order. ● Process involves building containers and then deploy them ● Long docker run commands ● Complexity is proportional to the number of containers involved.
But it is supposed to make our life easy, isn’ t it?
Docker Compose ● Tool for defining and running multi-container Docker application. ● It is a YML file. ● Compose contains information about how to build the containers and deploy containers. ● Integrated with Docker Swarm. ● Competes with Kubernetes.
Example ● https://docs.docker.com/compose/wordpress/ ● https://github.com/docker/example-voting-app
Demo
Questions?
References ● https://docs.docker.com/compose/overview/ ● https://docs.docker.com/compose/startup-order/ ● https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/

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Introduction to docker and docker compose

  • 1. Introduction To Docker And Docker Compose DevOps and DigitalOcean meetup, Bangalore
  • 2. whoami ● Lalatendu Mohanty ● @lalatenduM on Twitter ● Software Engineer at Red Hat ● lalatendu.org
  • 4. What we want? ● Scalability, maintainability, Agility, Portability. ● DevOps tools. ● Improved resource utilization. ● A continuum of abstraction levels.
  • 5. Linux Containers ● Use Linux kernel isolation features to give a VM like environment. ● Process isolation /Sandboxing. ● Example: Lxc, lmctfy, Docker, Rkt
  • 6. Docker ● An easy to use Linux container technology. ● Docker image format. ● It helps in application packaging and delivery. Docker is a tool that can package an application and its dependencies in a virtual container that can run on any Linux server. This helps enable flexibility and portability on where the application can run, whether on premises, public cloud, private cloud, bare metal, etc. (Wikipedia)
  • 7. Docker Vs Virtualization Positive expects of Docker: ● Lighter than Virtual machines. ● Size of docker images are very small compared ● We can run more docker containers on a reasonably sized host. ● Deploying and scaling is relatively easy. ● Containers have less startup time.
  • 8. Docker Vs Virtualization Downside: ● Containers share a single kernel on a host. ● Less secure. ● You might need to redesign your application to take benefits.
  • 9. Technologies behind docker ● Control groups: ○ Control Groups are another key component of Linux Containers ○ With Cgroup we can implement resource accounting and limiting. ○ Ensure that each container gets its fair share of memory, CPU, disk I/O. ○ Thanks to Cgroup, we can make sure that single container cannot bring the system down by exhausting resources. ● Union file systems: ○ Layered file system so you can have a read only part and a write part, and merge those together. ○ Docker images made up with are layers.
  • 10. Technologies behind docker Namespaces ● It helps to create isolated workspace for each process. ● When you run a container, Docker creates a set of namespaces for that container. SELinux ● SELinux provides secure separation of containers by applying SELinux policy and labels.
  • 11. Technologies behind docker Capabilities: ● By default Docker drops all capabilities except those needed. ● "root" within a container has much less privileges than the real "root". ● The best practice for users would be to remove all capabilities except those explicitly required for their processes. ● Even if an intruder manages to escalate to root within a container, it will be much harder to do serious damage, or to escalate to the host
  • 12. Components ● Docker Images ● Docker containers ● Docker Hub ● Docker Registry ● Docker daemon ● Docker client.
  • 14. Dockerfiles ● Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image. ● docker build can build images using Dockerfile. ● https://github.com/fedora-cloud/Fedora-Dockerfiles
  • 15. Demo Link to workshop: http://bit.ly/1Ubah8o
  • 17. Let's talk about real life applications first! ● One application consists of multiple containers. ● One container is dependent on another. ● Mutual dependency/ startup order. ● Process involves building containers and then deploy them ● Long docker run commands ● Complexity is proportional to the number of containers involved.
  • 18. But it is supposed to make our life easy, isn’ t it?
  • 19. Docker Compose ● Tool for defining and running multi-container Docker application. ● It is a YML file. ● Compose contains information about how to build the containers and deploy containers. ● Integrated with Docker Swarm. ● Competes with Kubernetes.
  • 21. Demo