Vaccinations during pregnancy can protect both mother and baby from various diseases. Live attenuated vaccines like MMR and varicella are generally contraindicated in pregnancy due to theoretical risk of transmission to fetus. Inactivated vaccines and toxoids for tetanus, influenza, hepatitis B, and rabies are considered safe and recommended for pregnant women when risk of disease exposure or transmission is high. Immunoglobulins may also be administered post-exposure to provide temporary protection against certain infections. The benefits of vaccinating pregnant women usually outweigh potential risks, which are often theoretical in nature.
Vaccination during pregnancy is crucial to protect both the mother and the developing baby. It helps prevent serious complications and ensures a healthier start in life. #VaccinateForTwo 🤰💉
Vaccination in pregnancy by dr alka & dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. indiaalka mukherjee
Maternal immunization provides important health benefits to both pregnant women and to their fetus. Vaccine-preventable diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality among maternal, neonatal, and young infant. Some infections are so serious even they can waste pregnancy, harm her baby during pregnancy or after delivery. These complications can be protected with vaccination. This is why vaccinations are so important for pregnant mothers. Vaccines strengthen the immune systems of body that can fight off serious infectious diseases. A vaccine can help in protection of the mother's body from infections and this immunity passes to her baby during pregnancy. This immunity keeps the child safe during the first few months of life until baby gets his own vaccination. Vaccination also protects mothers from getting a serious disease that could affect future pregnancies. Fetus getting any risk after vaccination of the mother during pregnancy primarily is theoretical. Globally, no scientific study exist which shows the risk of fetus after vaccination of pregnant women with inactivated vaccines or bacterial vaccines or toxoids. Even live vaccines causing risk to fetus is theoretical. Benefits of vaccinating pregnant women usually outweigh potential risks when the likelihood of disease exposure is high, when infection would pose a risk to the mother or fetus, and when the vaccine is unlikely to cause harm. Not all vaccinations are safe during pregnancy but some of inactivated vaccines are considered safe which can be give to pregnant women who might be at risk of infection.
Vaccination during pregnancy is crucial to protect both the mother and the developing baby. It helps prevent serious complications and ensures a healthier start in life. #VaccinateForTwo 🤰💉
Vaccination in pregnancy by dr alka & dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s. indiaalka mukherjee
Maternal immunization provides important health benefits to both pregnant women and to their fetus. Vaccine-preventable diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality among maternal, neonatal, and young infant. Some infections are so serious even they can waste pregnancy, harm her baby during pregnancy or after delivery. These complications can be protected with vaccination. This is why vaccinations are so important for pregnant mothers. Vaccines strengthen the immune systems of body that can fight off serious infectious diseases. A vaccine can help in protection of the mother's body from infections and this immunity passes to her baby during pregnancy. This immunity keeps the child safe during the first few months of life until baby gets his own vaccination. Vaccination also protects mothers from getting a serious disease that could affect future pregnancies. Fetus getting any risk after vaccination of the mother during pregnancy primarily is theoretical. Globally, no scientific study exist which shows the risk of fetus after vaccination of pregnant women with inactivated vaccines or bacterial vaccines or toxoids. Even live vaccines causing risk to fetus is theoretical. Benefits of vaccinating pregnant women usually outweigh potential risks when the likelihood of disease exposure is high, when infection would pose a risk to the mother or fetus, and when the vaccine is unlikely to cause harm. Not all vaccinations are safe during pregnancy but some of inactivated vaccines are considered safe which can be give to pregnant women who might be at risk of infection.
It is a composite graphical recording of cervical dilatation and descent of head against duration of labour in hours.
It also gives information about fetal and maternal condition that are all recorded on single sheet of paper.
It is a composite graphical recording of cervical dilatation and descent of head against duration of labour in hours.
It also gives information about fetal and maternal condition that are all recorded on single sheet of paper.
Immunization is single most important step towards control and elimination of infectious disease.
With regards to epidemiology and population demographics, various changes are made from time to time in Immunization Schedule of the National Health Programme.
This slide show encompasses the recent changes made by National Health Commission with regards to Immunization Schedule.
NEWER VIRAL VACCINE ICLUDED RECENT ADVACES IN THE VACCINE DEVELOPMENT And as per WHO 2023 data pipeline vaccine detail like HIV, TB, DENGUE, HPV,FLU VACCINE AND ALSO EMPHASIS ON THE COVID VACCINE AND AS PER LATEST 2023 GOEVENMENT OF INDIA AND WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
Overview of vaccine and vaccination, types of vaccines with examples, vaccine production technique, adverse effects of vaccination, precautions
Email: jeevan@smail.nchu.edu.tw
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. WHAT IS VACCINE????????
A vaccine is a substance that is introduced
into the body to prevent Infection or a
certain pathogen
The vaccines are prepared from
inactivated, live attenuated , modified or
mutant forms of the causative agents.
3
Dr.ShashwatK.Jani.9909944160
6. Achievements:
The biggest achievement of the immunization
program is the eradication of small pox.
India is free of Poliomyelitis caused by Wild Polio
Virus (WPV) on 27 march 2014.
India declared free of maternal and neonatal TT
in June 2015
Besides, vaccination has contributed
significantly to the decline in the cases and deaths
due to the Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs).
7. Adult immunization rates have
fallen short of national goals,
partly because of
misconceptions about the safety
and benefits of current
vaccines.
8. The danger of these misconceptions
is magnified during pregnancy,
when:
1. Concerned physicians are hesitant
to administer vaccines and
2. Patients are reluctant to accept
them.
9. The administration of vaccines
during pregnancy poses a
number of concerns about the
risk of transmitting a virus to a
developing fetus.
10. The risk of transmitting a
virus to a developing fetus
is primarily
Theoretical
15. Vaccines that are contraindicated live
attenuated vaccine include:
1. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella;
2. Varicella
3. (BCG) bacille Calmette-Guérin
4. Oral Polio
16. If a live-virus vaccine is inadvertently
given to a pregnant woman, or if a
woman becomes pregnant within
four weeks after vaccination,
she should be counseled
about potential effects on the fetus.
19. INFLUENZA
It should be administered
annually between October
and December to high-risk
patients.
20. INFLUENZA
The vaccine should be
administered to all pregnant
women who will be in the second
or third trimester of pregnancy
during the influenza season
21. INFLUENZA
Women in their second or third
trimesters have higher morbidity, from
influenza infection.
Immunization should be avoided in most
patients during the first trimester to avoid
a coincidental association with
spontaneous abortion, which is common in
the first trimester.
22. INFLUENZA VACCINE
Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV),live attenuated
influenza vaccine (LAIV),recombinant quadrivalent vaccines
are available in India.
TIV is annual, single IM dose of 0.5 ml.also known as flu
shot(H1N1,H3N2,influenza B)
LAIV is administered by the intranasal route is approved
for use in adults upto 50 years of age. Evidence recommends
people at high risk for influenza related complication.
Recombinant quadrivalent vaccine is given, intradermal 0.5
ml single dose.saftey in pregnancy is under trial.
08/20/17VSGH
25. Three forms of inactivated rabies
vaccines are available, all considered
equally safe and efficacious
26. RABIES
Passive immunization is achieved through
administration of human rabies immune
globulin (HRIG).
20 IU per kg of HRIG is given at the wound
site.
There have been no identified associations
between rabies vaccination and fetal
abnormalities
27. ACTIVE IMMUNISATION
Cell-culture vaccine is used for post-
exposure prophylaxis in pregnancy.
A five-dose i.m. regimen is recommended
for post-exposure vaccination
It is administered on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and
28 into the deltoid muscle.
28. PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
Indications for pre-exposure immunization
depend on the likelihood of exposure.
It may be considered in animal workers and
travelers to enzootic areas who anticipate animal
exposure.
3 intramuscular 0.1ml dose of cell-culture-based
vaccine given on days 0, 7 and 21 or 28
31. While no evidence exists to prove
that tetanus toxoid is teratogenic,
waiting until the
second trimester of pregnancy to
administer toxoids is a
reasonable precaution,
minimizing any concern about
the theoretic possibility of such
reactions.
32. WHO NEEDS THE TETANUS
VACCINE?
Previously vaccinated pregnant
women who have not received a
Td vaccination within the past 3
years should receive a booster
dose.
33. WHO NEEDS THE TETANUS AND
DIPHTHERIA VACCINE?
According to CDC guidelines :
1ST
dose between 16 -20 weeks &
2nd
dose after 4 – 6 weeks .
Previously vaccinated pregnant women
who have not received a Td vaccination within
the past 3 years should receive a booster dose.
33
Dr.ShashwatK.Jani.9909944160
34. In INDIA :
Where tetanus infection is common
in neonates and Antenatal visits
are not regular in rural areas…
Govt. Of India Guidelines :
1st
dose at 1st
ANC visit &
2nd
after 4-6 weeks.
34
Dr.ShashwatK.Jani.9909944160
36. HEPATITIS B
Risk factors for a pregnant woman
include:
1. Having multiple sexual partners,
2. Abusing intravenous drugs,
3. Having occupational exposure
4. Being a household contact of acutely
infected persons or persons with a
chronic carrier state.
37. HEPATITIS B
Because it contains noninfectious
hepatitis B surface antigen
particles and it cause no risk to
the fetus, neither pregnancy nor
lactation is a contraindication to
vaccination.
38. 20mcg is administered at 0, 1 and 6
months as an intramuscular injection in
the deltoid
Antibody titres rise 20 to 30% after the
first dose, 75 to 80% after 2nd dose and 90
to 95% after 3rd dose.
39. HEPATITIS A
A formaldehyde inactivated vaccine prepared
from HAV grown in Diploid cells.
1ml im at 0,6 months
A vaccination is effective for 10 years
Advised mainly in persons entering endemic
areas with HAV Infection.
40. COMBINED VACCINATION
FOR HEPATITIS A AND B
INFECTIONS.
Now a combined vaccine is available for
prevention of Hepatitis A and B
Available as
TWINRIX ( GSK )
0.5ml im in 3 doses of 0,1,6months.
42. MENINGOCOCCAL
Vaccination may benefit travelers to areas in which N.
meningitidis is endemic or epidemic
3 types of vaccines-(polysachharide/protein/conjugate based)
Only polysachharide vaccine safe in pregnancy
85% efficacy
0.5ml,im,single dose.
Offers protection for 3 years
43. PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE
A polyvalent polysaccharide containing capsular
antigen with 23 Sero types
Gives 80 -90 % protection
Used in
Dysfunctional spleen
Sickle cell diseases,
Chronic diseases of Liver, lungs, heart,
Renal failure.
HIV infection
0.5ml im single dose.
44. TYPHOID
3types of vaccines are available-
1)Vi polysaccharide vaccine-im
2)Ty21a-oral
3)Inactivated vaccine
Only inactivated vaccine can be given in
pregnancy
0.5ml,subcutaneous,6weeks apart
ACOG recommends vaccine only when-
1)Travelling to endemic area
2)Close contact
45. YELLOW FEVER
Inactivated vaccine
0.5ml,im,single dose.
Offers life long immunity.
99% efficacy.
ACOG recommends vaccine only in people
travelling to endemic areas.
46. JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
A vero cell derived inactivated vaccine of SA14-
14-2 strain-
0.5ml,im,2 doses 4weeks apart
75%efficacy
Offers protection for 1 year
A vero cell derived vaccine of beijing strain-
0.5ml,im,3 doses 4 weeks apart
95% efficacy.offers protection for 3 years
47. CHOLERA
Killed bacterial vaccine
0.5ml,im,2 doses,4weeks apart
ACOG recommends vaccine to be given in only in
outbreaks.
Risk to foetus is unknown
Maternal vaccine increases IgA titres in
breastmilk
56. Whether live or inactivated
vaccines are used, vaccination of
pregnant women should be
considered on the basis of
the risk of the vaccination vs.
the benefits of protection in a
particular circumstance.