Vaccination & Covid-19 Vaccine

1. Vaccination & COVID-19 Vaccine
Course Title: Epidemiology
Program: BBA (HHCM)
Institute of Health & Business Management (IHBM)
Mirza Muhammad Essa Baig
(3rd Batch, 8th Semester)

2. Vaccination & COVID-19 Vaccine
Introduction:
Vaccination is a universal achievement in terms of health and development, saving millions of
lives each year. Vaccines lower the chance of contracting a disease by enhancing your immune
system of the body. Whenever people receive a vaccination, our immune system responds. We
now have vaccinations to prevent over 20 potentially fatal illnesses, allowing individuals of all
ages to enjoy longer, healthy life. Immunization now saves the lives of 2-3 million people each
year from illnesses such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and measles. (Organization,
2021)
Vaccination is an essential component of basic health care and an individual's fundamental right.
It's also one of the greatest health investments you can make with your money. Vaccines are also
essential for the prevention and control of disease transmission. They are the foundation of
achieving the standards of health and will be a critical instrument in the fight against antibiotic
resistance. Despite significant advances, far too many people throughout the world, including
over 20 million newborns each year, do not have adequate access to vaccinations. (Organization,
2021)
Definition:
Vaccination is a simple, safe, and efficient method of defending yourself against life threatening
illnesses before they come into interaction with you. It strengthens your immune system by
utilizing your body's inherent defense to create resistance to particular illnesses. (WHO, 2021)2
Vaccines stimulate your immune system to generate antibodies in the same way as when
exposed to a pathogen. Vaccines, on the other hand, do not cause the disease or put you at
danger of its consequences sincethey include only dead or weakened versions of pathogens such
as viruses or bacteria. (WHO, 2021)
Are covid-19 vaccine safe?
There are strict protections in place to help ensure the safety of all COVID-19 vaccines. Before
receiving validation from WHO and national regulatory agencies, COVID-19 vaccines must
undergo rigorous testing in clinical trials to prove that they meet internationally agreed
benchmarks for safety and efficacy. (Organization, Home/Newsroom/Q&A Detail/Coronavirus
disease (COVID-19): Vaccines safety, 2021)
Unprecedented scientific collaborations have allowed COVID-19 vaccine research, development,
and authorizations to be completed in record time – to meet the urgent need for these vaccines
while maintaining high safety standards. As with allvaccines, WHO and regulatory authorities will
continuously monitor the use of COVID-19 vaccines to identify and respond to any safety issues
that might arise, and through that process to assure they remain safe for use around the world.

3. Vaccination is safe, but most of the side effects are moderate and short - term, such as a painful
arm or a low fever. Serious adverse effects were happened, although they are relatively
uncommon. Before it is authorized for use, each licensed vaccination is carefully evaluated
throughout many rounds of trials, and it is routinely reviewed after it is in use. Scientists are also
continuously reviewing data from many sources for any indication that a vaccination may pose a
health concern. (WHO, 2021).
How do we know that a vaccine is safe?
Every vaccination, like all medications, must undergo long and rigorous testing before it can be
introduced into a community. Once in use, they must be constantly checked to ensure that they
are safe for the individuals who receive them. (WHO, Home/Newsroom/Q&A Detail/Vaccines
and immunization: Vaccine safety, 2021)
What are the benefits of getting the COVID-19 vaccines ?
The COVID-19 vaccines provide disease protection by eliciting an immune response to the SARS-
Cov-2 virus. Acquiring immunity by vaccination reduces the likelihood of developing the illness
and its effects. If you are exposed to the virus, this immunity will help you fight it. Getting
vaccinated may also safeguard others around you, since if you are immune and disease-free, you
are less likely to infect others. This is especially essential for protecting those who are at a higher
risk of serious disease from COVID-19, such as healthcare workers, older or elderly people, and
people with other medical problems. (Organization, Home/Newsroom/Q&A Detail/Coronavirus
disease (COVID-19): Vaccines, 2021)
Are there side effects from COVID-19 vaccines?
Vaccines are quite safe. Side effects can occur after receiving a vaccination, just as they can with
any other medication. The effect of the COVID-19 vaccine varies from person to person, like it
does for most vaccines. As more people get vaccinated, we may be able to determine patterns.
This information continues to be collected and will be shared, but for now, we cannot anticipate
who may have side effects. (WHO, Home/Newsroom/Q&A Detail/Vaccines and immunization:
Vaccine safety, 2021)
Vaccines are intended to provide protection without the risk of contracting the disease. When
receiving vaccines, it is typical to encounter some mild-to-moderate adverse effects. This is
because your immune systeminstructs your body to respond in specific ways, such as increasing
blood flow to allow cells to circulate and raising your body temperature to destroy the virus.
The short-term side effects of the authorized COVID-19 vaccines are similar. The side effects
typically start within a day or two of getting the vaccine and may include:
 pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
 fatigue

4.  fever
 chills
 headache
 body aches and pains
 nausea
 swollen lymph nodes
It’s pretty normal to feel mild symptoms like those described above after getting a vaccine.
Although it can be unpleasant, it’s actually a good sign. It means that your body is in the process
of generating an immune response.
While these side effects can be unpleasant, they’re typically mild or moderate and go away after
a few days.
Conclusion: Immunization programs assist in decreasing the social, psychological, and financial
consequences of disease on individuals and governments, relieving strains on healthcare and
social care systems, and allowing people to engage in productive activities such as education and
work.
References
Missouri, U. o. (2021). HOME / OUR STORIES / WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF GETTING THE COVID-19
VACCINE? Retrieved from Health Care: https://www.muhealth.org/our-stories/what-are-
benefits-getting-covid-19-vaccine
Organization,W.H. (2021). Home/Healthtopics/Vaccinesand Immunization. RetrievedfromWorldHealth
Organization: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1
Organization, W. H. (2021). Home/Newsroom/Q&A Detail/Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Vaccines.
Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-
detail/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines
Organization, W. H. (2021). Home/Newsroom/Q&A Detail/Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Vaccines
safety. Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-
detail/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-vaccines-safety
WHO. (2021). Home/Newsroom/Q&A Detail/Vaccinesand immunization:Vaccinesafety. Retrievedfrom
World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/vaccines-and-
immunization-vaccine-safety
WHO. (2021, August30). Home/Newsroom/Q&A Detail/Vaccinesand immunization:Whatisvaccination?
Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-
detail/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination