UX Akron Global Accessibility Awareness Day 2019
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A presentation on 2019 Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD). Joint meeting of UX Akron and the Cleveland Accessibility Meetup.
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UX Akron Global Accessibility Awareness Day 2019
- 1. Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD) UX Akron and the Cleveland Accessibility Meetup (A11yCLE) May 16, 2019
- 2. The Always Asked For Slide Deck tinyURL.com/A11yCLE-GAAD2019
- 3. Introduction
- 4. Agenda Things We Might Do Tonight • About me and the Cleveland Accessibility Meetup (5 min) • Brief intro to accessibility (10 minutes) • Microsoft video (30 minutes) • Demos of assistive technology (20? minutes) • Questions and Answers
- 5. This One Weird Abbreviation… accessibility a + 11 letters + y a11y
- 6. Cleveland Accessibility Meetup Our mission: To raise awareness of digital accessibility, inclusive design, and assistive technologies in Northeast Ohio in a setting of sharing, learning, and networking. Our leadership: Melanie Bozzelli and Joshua Randall What we are: a monthly (ish) Meetup to talk about accessibility What we are not: political, nor an advocacy organization We're always looking for help!
- 7. Who am I? • Joshua Randall, UX Designer and UX Researcher at KeyBank • Bachelor’s degree in Philosophy • Master’s degree in UX Design from Kent State University • 20 years as an I.T. business analyst • Became interested in UX 5 years ago • Focused on accessibility for 1.5 years
- 8. Disclaimers I represent only myself, not my employer. Accessibility is a big topic. This is an awareness day, not a how-to day. We're not lawyers, so let's avoid legal questions.
- 9. G lobal A ccessibility A wareness D ay
- 10. Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD) globalaccessibilityawarenessday.org The purpose of GAAD is to get everyone talking, thinking, and learning about digital access / inclusion and people with different disabilities. The target audience of GAAD is the design, development, usability, and related communities who build, shape, fund, and influence technology and its use. While people may be interested in the topic of making technology accessible and usable by persons with disabilities, the reality is that they often do not know how or where to start. Awareness comes first.
- 12. Who's Affected? 15.3% of United States population, or almost 50 million people • 6.2% have difficulty hearing or seeing • 2.8% have difficulty grasping objects • 6.3% have cognitive difficulties Worldwide: also 15%, or over 1 billion people Disabilities affect customers and employees All of us will be affected eventually Also think about temporary and situational disabilities Sources: United States Census; World Health Organization; Bruce Tognazzini
- 13. We Should We Care? • Accessibility is the right thing to do. • Accessibility improves your brand. • Accessibility is a quality issue. • Accessibility affects your business-to-business work. • Accessibility helps with search engine optimization. • Accessibility supports low-bandwidth users. • Accessibility reduces legal risk. Sources: Karl Groves; Seyfarth Shaw; David Berman; International Telecommunications Union; Jupiter Research; American Federation for the Blind
- 14. Temporary and Situational Disabilities or anyone in bright sunlight or anyone who needs to keep their volume down Source: Microsoft inclusive design toolkit
- 16. Types of Assistive Technology (AT) Software • Screen Readers (Text-to-Speech) • Voice Recog. (Speech-to-Text) • Screen Magnifiers (virtual) • Ergonomic Aids to avoid Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) • Mind Mapping & Org. Aids • Proofing Tools, Note-taking, and Literacy Aids • Optical Character Recog. (OCR) • Software for creating Braille • Software for creating and reading sound files Hardware • Keyboards • Mice & Pointing Devices • Headsets, Mics & Recording Devices • Equipment to support hearing impaired users (for F2F mtgs) • Screen Magnifiers (physical) • Large monitors and monitor arms • Ergonomic Support Equipment • Braille Devices • Scanners • Personal printers • Hardware specifically to enable a user to work while out of office
- 17. Assistive Technology Demos Focus Indicator sighted, keyboard only users (example: hand tremor) Speech-To-Text (Dragon Naturally Speaking) sighted users who can’t use a keyboard (example: broken collarbone) Screen Reader (VoiceOver) non-sighted users (example: blindness)
- 18. Assistive Technology Demos Invert Colors and High Contrast Mode low-vision users (example: tablet screen under bright sunlight) Screen Magnification low-vision users (example: severe nearsightedness)
- 19. Use Assistive Technologies Yourself Keyboard • browse only with keyboard (don’t use your mouse) Mouse • use in opposite hand Pointing Device • hold a pen in your mouth, or rubber band it to your hand Screen Readers • NVDA (best with Firefox) – nvaccess.org • JAWS (best with Internet Explorer) – freedomscientific.com • VoiceOver (MacOS and iOS) and Talkback (Android) Screen Magnification • built into most operating systems (e.g., “Magnifier” in Windows) • Magic or ZoomText
- 20. Videos
- 22. The State of the Web - Accessibility In this episode, Rick speaks with Nektarios Paisios from the Chrome Accessibility team. Learn about the importance of accessibility and how you can make use of the latest web standards and tools to help make the web more accessible. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TomO QYxFnrU 33 minutes
- 24. Stuff to Jot Down While I Take Questions Joshua Randall on… • email: joshua.randall@gmail.com • LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/joshua-randall-3931257 • Twitter: @jrAccessibility (I mostly lurk) Cleveland Accessibility Meetup, June 5 (Wed.), 6:00 PM, Progressive Insurance Studio 96 building (Mayfield Village) – Level Access presentation on digital accessibility for business and accessibility in design systems www.meetup.com/Cleveland-Accessibility-Meetup/ User Experience Professionals Association (UXPA), May 23 (Thu.), 6:30 PM, Hyland Software (Westlake) – usability testing uxpacleveland.org/events Cleveland Agile (#CleAg), September, LeanDog boat (downtown) – I'll be speaking on "Lean Accessibility" www.meetup.com/ClevelandAgile/
- 25. Ready for more? Cleveland Accessibility Meetup website, A11yCLE.com the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI), w3.org/WAI book recommendations • Accessibility for Everyone, Laura Kalbag (2017, A Book Apart) • Inclusive Design Patterns, Heydon Pickering (2016, Smashing Magazine) • A Web for Everyone, Sarah Horton and Whitney Quesenbery (2014, Rosenfeld) Twitter hashtag #a11y Many free webinars from the top consultancies. • Deque Systems • Level Access • The Paciello Group • Tenon
- 26. Resources
- 27. An Alphabet of Accessibility Issues A is blind, and has been since birth. He’s always used a screen reader, and always used a computer. He’s a programmer, and he’s better prepared to use the web than most of the others on this list. B fell down a hill while running to close his car windows in the rain, and fractured multiple fingers. He’s trying to surf the web with his left hand and the keyboard. […] https://the-pastry-box-project.net/anne-gibson/2014-July- 31
- 28. from the home office in Shaker Heights, Ohio: Top 10 A11y Things (not on the W3C websites) 1. inclusive-components.design 2. BBC’s Mobile Accessibility Guidelines 3. WebAIM mailing list archive 4. Twitter #a11y 5. Deque Systems 6. Level Access / Simply Accessible 7. The Paciello Group (TPG) 8. Tenon.io and Karl Groves’ blog 9. NVDA screen reader 10.WAVE tool
- 29. Name Dropping in no particular order Steve Faulkner (TPG, Technical Director) Léonie Watson (TPG, Director of Communications) Henny Swan (TPG, author) Heydon Pickering (consultant) Dennis Lembrée (consultant; Deque; WebAxe) Jennie Lay-Flurrie (Microsoft, Chief Accessibility Officer) Karl Groves (consultant, Tenon founder) Adrian Roselli (consultant) Lainey Feingold (lawyer, author) David Berman (consultant)
- 30. Joshua's Thoughts on A11y Testing A11y testing requires a mixture of automated tools and manual testing. There are a variety of tools that will scan a website against the WCAG success criteria. (Technically they scan the website's DOM or document object model.) The caveat with these tools is that only about 25%-30% of the WCAG success criteria can be automated-ly scanned. Also, it is possible to be compliant with WCAG but still not usable nor accessible! Commonly used, free tools include: • WAVE https://wave.webaim.org/ • aXe https://www.deque.com/axe/ • Tenon https://tenon.io/ To cover the other 75% of WCAG success criteria requires manual testing. The tester will need some knowledge of the WCAG themselves. The tester will also need to know how to use assistive technology, including but not limited to screen readers, screen magnification, high-contrast mode, haptic feedback (on mobile devices), captioning of audio/video, etc.
- 31. A11y Heuristics from Deque Systems (1 of 3) INTERACTION METHODS AND MODALITIES Users can efficiently interact with the system using the input method of their choosing (i.e. mouse, keyboard, touch, etc.). NAVIGATION AND WAYFINDING Users can easily navigate, find content, and determine where they are at all times within the system. STRUCTURE AND SEMANTICS Users can make sense of the structure of the content on each page and understand how to operate within the system. ERROR PREVENTION AND STATES Interactive controls have persistent, meaningful instructions to help prevent mistakes, and provide users with clear error states which indicate what the problems are and how to fix them whenever errors are returned.
- 32. A11y Heuristics from Deque Systems (2 of 3) CONTRAST AND LEGIBILITY Text and other meaningful information can be easily distinguished and read by users of the system. LANGUAGE AND READABILITY Content on the page can easily be read and understood by users of the system. PREDICTABILITY AND CONSISTENCY The purpose of each element is predictable, and how each element relates to the system as a whole is clear and meaningful, to avoid confusion for the users. TIMING AND PRESERVATION Users are given enough time to complete their tasks and do not lose information if their time (i.e. a session) runs out.
- 33. A11y Heuristics from Deque Systems (3 of 3) MOVEMENT AND FLASHING Elements on the page that move, flash, or animate in other ways can be stopped, and do not distract or harm the users. VISUAL AND AUDITORY ALTERNATIVES Purely visual or auditory content that conveys information has text based alternatives for users who can’t see or hear.
- 34. Thanks! and here's that URL for the slides again tinyURL.com/A11yCLE-GAAD2019
Editor's Notes
- This is the section heading slide for the “Introduction”. There’s no actual content on it.
- ‘Accessibility’ is a long word to type. There are 11 letters between the ‘a’ and the ‘y’. If you type ‘a11y’ [say ‘A eleven Y’] this not only abbreviates ‘accessibility’, it also resembles the word ‘ally’. You’ll see the abbreviation used as a hashtag on Twitter: #a11y [‘hashtag A eleven Y’]
- My name is Joshua Randall and I’m a user experience designer and UX researcher at KeyBank. I have a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy, which goes to show that you never know where your career will take you. I have a master’s degree in User Experience Design from Kent State University – I just graduated in December 2018. I’ve worked as an information technology business analyst for 20 years, mostly at big Cleveland companies: American Greetings, Progressive Insurance, Medical Mutual, and Sherwin-Williams among others. I became interested in UX about five years ago. I started attending User Experience Professional Association (UXPA) meetings and eventually joined the board. My focus on digital accessibility is a year-and-a-half old, starting when I was at Sherwin-Williams and continuing with KeyBank.
- Started with a blog post by Joe Devon in November 2011 https://mysqltalk.wordpress.com/2011/11/27/challenge-accessibility-know-how-needs-to-go-mainstream-with-developers-now/
- Who is affected by digital accessibility? 15.3% of people in the United States have an impairment that can affect their ability to use digital products. Don’t just think of visually impaired people when you think about accessibility. People with difficulty grasping objects may not be able to use a mouse or a touchscreen. And people with cognitive difficulties, like attention deficit disorder or dyslexia, may struggle to read content that doesn’t have strong IA behind it. The worldwide percentage is similar: 15% of the population, or over 1 billion people with disabilities. We tend to focus on customers who are affected by disabilities, but don’t forget your employees. Almost everything we do at work depends upon digital technology, which needs to be accessible so that people can contribute. There’s a self-interested reason to care about accessibility too. Bruce Tognazzini (a former Apple designer, now at Nielsen Norman Group) writes, “We all will have disabilities eventually, unless we die first.” [pause] That’s a morbid way to put it, but he’s absolutely correct. The aging population is increasingly using the internet, so we need to accommodate them and our future selves. Finally, beyond permanent disabilities, there are temporary and situational disabilities as well. But before we talk about those, let me ask a big question… [next slide] Sources: Brault, Matthew. “Americans with disabilities: 2010. (Report number P70-131)” (2012, July.) United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from www.census.gov/library/publications/2012/demo/p70-131.html Tognazzini, Bruce. “Inclusive Design, part 1, with some shocking revelations about your future.” (2009, April). Ask Tog on Nielsen Norman Group. Retrieved from www.asktog.com/columns/077InclusiveDesignPart1.html World Health Organization. “World report on disability.” (2011). World Health Organization. Retrieved from www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/
- Why should we care about our users with disabilities? It’s the right thing to do! [pause] OK. Maybe that’s not compelling enough. Accessibility improves your brand. “People’s opinions can be shared openly, freely, and vastly. If your organization is doing right by its customers, that will bubble up – and vice versa.” “If people have a bad experience, like they can’t add items to shopping cart, they will Tweet about it.” But only after they abandon the site: a survey in the United Kingdom found that 71% of customers with disabilities will click away from a website that’s difficult to use. Sources: American Federation for the Blind webinar, 2018 May 17; ”Click-Away Pound Survey 2016”, Click-Away Surveys Ltd, http://clickawaypound.com/cap16finalreport.html Accessibility is a quality of work issue. You’ve heard the phrase, “Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.” (Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield) That applies to websites and mobile apps just as much as it does to physical work. Accessibility is usability. If as many as 15% of people cannot use something because you didn’t take accessibility into account, then you’re not doing it well. Accessibility affects your business-to-business work. Many clients have accessibility requirements (especially governments or government contractors) and lacking accessibility can make you less competitive. Some clients require a document called a VPAT (Voluntary Product Accessibility Template). If you don’t fill one out, or you don’t meet enough of the qualifications, you won’t get the business. Accessibility helps with Search Engine Optimization (SEO). David Berman, an accessibility expert, writes, “The most frequent visitor to your website is blind, deaf, and has the cognitive abilities of a 4-year-old.” He’s referring to the Google spider that indexes websites. Google’s spider can’t see, it can’t hear, and it’s not very smart. However, Google’s spider loves accessible websites and Google’s SEO guidelines closely match web accessibility guidelines. For example: you should put an HTML <title> element that is short and unique on every webpage. This will help your SEO, and will also help people using screen readers or other assistive technologies. Accessibility supports low-bandwidth users. We sit here in our high-bandwidth environment, but in the United States 64% of people lack fast broadband. And 75% of online shoppers who experience a slow site or one with a complex checkout process will no longer buy from that site. The good news is that the same updates that make a site more accessible for people with disabilities also help people on low-bandwidth connections. Accessibility reduces legal risk. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has been interpreted to apply to websites, not just physical buildings. There have been thousands of website-related cases brought under the ADA. The costs of an accessibility lawsuit can be high. In 2008, Target settled with the National Federation of the Blind for $6 million in damages plus $4 million in legal fees. In April of 2018, Morgan Stanley was sued and the plaintiff is asking for $9 million. And on January 3, 2019, a plaintiff brought a class action lawsuit against the website for the singer Beyonce, alleging that it is inaccessible to people with visual impairments. The plaintiff seeks both an injunction to force the website to be updated and monetary damages to compensate the class members. So there you have a variety of reasons to care about accessibility, from the most high-minded to the most legalistic. [proceed to next slide] Additional information… Legal Apparatus Outside the U.S.A.? WAI page listing accessibility laws in many countries worldwide: https://www.w3.org/WAI/policies/ U.K. – the Equality Act (EQA) and BS 8878 E.U. – standard EN 301 549, as well as… European Accessibility Act – passed in September 2017 E.U. Directive on the Accessibility of Public Sector Websites and Mobile Apps – took effect in September 2018 Broadband and Site Abandonment Statistics As of 2016, 64% of people in the U.S.A. lack fast broadband connections (> 200 Kbps in at least one direction) [International Telecommunications Union] Worldwide, 86%-87% of people lack fast broadband. [International Telecommunications Union] And 75% of online shoppers who experience a slow site or one with a complex checkout process, will no longer buy from that site [Jupiter Research] Sources "ADA Title III lawsuits increase by 16% in 2017 largely due to website access lawsuits." (2018, February 1). Seyfarth Shaw LLP. Retrieved from www.adatitleiii.com/2018/02/ada-title-iii-lawsuits-increase-by-14-percent-in-2017-due-largely-to-website-access-lawsuits-physical-accessibility-legislative-reform-efforts-continue/ Brault, Matthew. “Americans with disabilities: 2010. (Report number P70-131)” (2012, July) United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from www.census.gov/library/publications/2012/demo/p70-131.html Groves, Karl. "List of web accessibility-related litigation and settlements." (2017). Karl Groves's blog. Retrieved from www.karlgroves.com/2011/11/15/list-of-web-accessibility-related-litigation-and-settlements/ "Measuring the Information Society Report 2017." (2017). International Telecommunications Union. Retrieved from www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/mis2017.aspx "Retail website performance." (2006, June 1). Jupiter Research. Retrieved from www.akamai.com/us/en/multimedia/documents/report/akamai-site-abandonment-final-report.pdf “World report on disability.” (2011). World Health Organization. Retrieved from www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report/en/ “Beyonce’s Parkwood Entertainment sued over website accessibility.” (2019, January 3.) The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/beyonces-parkwood-entertainment-sued-1172909
- Temporary and Situational Disabilities This is a chart from Microsoft’s inclusive design toolkit. It shows different modes of perception: touching, seeing, hearing, and speaking. And it illustrates that you can have a permanent, temporary, or situational disability affecting each of those modes of perception. For example, if you have a permanent disability with seeing, you may be blind. If you have a temporary disability with seeing, you may have cataracts. If you have a situational disability with seeing, you may be a distracted driver – or what I think is a better example, you may be in bright sunlight trying to read your smartphone screen. Another example: if you have a permanent disability with hearing, you may be deaf. If you have a temporary disability with hearing, you may have an ear infection. A situational disability with hearing may be because you’re a bartender in a loud bar – or because you simply need to keep your volume down at your desk. Both of these situational disabilities involve someone’s context of use: where they are and what the environment is like as they try to understand some information. Situational disabilities are common, particularly when using mobile devices. High-contrast mode, closed captioning, and other assistive technology originally designed for people with permanent disabilities ends up helping everyone. Source: Microsoft Design. “Inclusive design at Microsoft.” (2016.) Microsoft. Retrieved from www.microsoft.com/en-us/design/inclusive Inclusive design toolkit exercises, from Microsoft, https://www.microsoft.com/design/inclusive/ (scroll down to “Inclusive 101” and “Inclusive Activities”)
- Types of Assistive Technology (AT) Assistive Technology (AT) is the general term for tools that people with disabilities use to access digital media and digital content. As accessibility expert Sarah Hendren put it, “All technology is assistive technology.” The monitor on which you view this presentation and the paper I refer to while giving the presentation supplement our ability to hear and to remember. The eyeglasses or contacts that a lot of us wear supplement our ability to see. Without my eyeglasses, I wouldn’t be able to read the notes in front of me (unless I hold them extremely close to my eyes), and I wouldn’t be able to make out the faces of anyone in this room (unless I stand uncomfortably close to you). In the world of digital accessibility, the most common assistive technologies that we work with are screen readers, voice recognition, and screen magnifiers on the software side; and keyboards, mice, and pointing devices on the hardware side. With the rise of voice activated interfaces like Siri and Alexa, we should also consider microphones and similar devices to be pieces of assistive technology. Source: Hendren, Sarah. “All technology is assistive.” (2014, October 16.) Medium Backchannel. Retrieved from medium.com/backchannel/all-technology-is-assistive-ac9f7183c8cd
- Focus indicator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUdrWQMgcSI Dragon Naturally Speaking: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsxFsPmA4RY And now the biggie… a screen reader, specifically VoiceOver which is built into MacOS and iOS. [bring up Kent.edu, bring up MacOS system preferences, Accessibility, VoiceOver – to turn on] VO key: Control + Option + right arrow to navigate + Command + H for headers + Command + K for links Other sources of videos of people using assistive technology include Microsoft Inclusive Design, Apple Accessibility, and the Web Accessibility Initiative website. Sources: Microsoft Inclusive Design, https://www.microsoft.com/design/inclusive/ (scroll down to ‘Inclusive design in action’) Apple Accessibility, https://www.apple.com/accessibility/ (the videos are dispersed throughout that page) WAI videos are on their Perspective Videos page, https://www.w3.org/WAI/perspective-videos/
- Screen Magnification Option Command 8 turns it on Option Command = (equals) zooms in Option Command - (minus sign) zooms out
- Better yet, you can use assistive technologies yourself. You absolutely need to test and experience your own websites using keyboard only, and keyboard plus screen reader. Doing this will uncover the most troublesome accessibility issues. Of the screen readers, NVDA is completely free. JAWS has a free trial mode you can use for 40 minutes at a time, after which you need to reboot. VoiceOver and Talkback are built into their respective operating systems. There is a learning curve with screen readers, but there is no excuse for not using them, if you care about accessibility. NVDA: https://www.nvaccess.org/download/ JAWS: https://www.freedomscientific.com/Downloads/JAWS All that said… I should note that some of what’s on this slide is mildly controversial. Some people with disabilities believe that it’s insulting to pretend to be disabled; for example, by using a mouse with your off-hand, or by using screen magnification when you’re not actually visually impaired. My personal belief is that it is appropriate to try out various simulated disabilities in order to build empathy with people, as long as you do so in a respectful way.
- Where can you go for more information? I’ve consolidated a bunch of digital accessibility information onto the Cleveland Accessibility Meetup website at A11yCLE.com [say ‘A eleven Y C L E dot com’] The Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) also offers a ton of great info on their website, at w3.org/WAI [say ‘W 3 dot O R G slash W A I’] I recommend two recent books: Accessibility for Everyone by Laura Kalbag, which is a good general introduction; and Inclusive Design Patterns by Heydon Pickering, which gets into the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript that supports digital accessibility. There’s also a somewhat older book, A Web for Everyone, that integrates accessibility with universal design principles. Heydon Pickering also recently published another e-book called Inclusive Components, which “examines common web user interface patterns through the lens of inclusion” to make them more accessible. You can also search Twitter for the hashtag ‘a11y’, but be warned it’s like drinking from a firehose.
- Ten things (not on the W3C websites) to learn more about and to use. https://inclusive-components.design/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/futuremedia/accessibility/mobile https://webaim.org/discussion/archives https://twitter.com/hashtag/a11y?lang=en https://www.deque.com/ https://www.levelaccess.com/ https://www.paciellogroup.com/ , http://www.interactiveaccessibility.com/ https://tenon.io/ , http://www.karlgroves.com/blog/ https://www.nvaccess.org/download/ https://wave.webaim.org/
- Name dropping some people, listed on the slide.
- https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/153358/CSUN2019-Design-Accessibility-Heuristics-Handout-%5Ba%5D.pdf
- https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/153358/CSUN2019-Design-Accessibility-Heuristics-Handout-%5Ba%5D.pdf
- https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/153358/CSUN2019-Design-Accessibility-Heuristics-Handout-%5Ba%5D.pdf