The document provides an introduction and agenda for the Cleveland Accessibility Meetup on January 15, 2020. The summary includes:
- The meetup aims to raise awareness of digital accessibility, inclusive design, and assistive technologies in Northeast Ohio through sharing, learning, and networking. It is led by Melanie Bozzelli and Joshua Randall.
- Upcoming meetup events are listed from February to December 2020, covering topics like lean accessibility, global accessibility awareness day, and inclusive design.
- The presentation agenda includes introductions to digital accessibility and assistive technologies, demonstrations of assistive technologies, an overview of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, and a question and answer session.
Web accessibility 101: The why, who, what, and how of "a11y"ecentricarts
Our in-house ecentricarts Accessibility Team (known as EAT) has compiled a ton of resources to help you understand the ins and outs of web accessibility. This includes: why it matters, who it impacts, common misconceptions, a beginner's guide to WCAG 2.0 and accessibility legislation, and how you can test, design, develop, and create more accessible websites.
This presentation also includes examples of before/after screenreader demos, and our 2017 company video made with described audio.
With increased complaints and legal action for organisations of inaccessible websites (Coles, Peapod) and apps (Westpac), now is the time for all web and app Project Managers, Developers, UX/Designers, Content Producers, Business Analysts and Testers to be ‘baking in’ accessibility into processes and work practices.
This presentation will show that accessibility is everyone’s responsibility and it is not difficult to get started or find resources that will help you and your team produce a website, app or digital presence that works for everyone!
A Web for Everyone: Accessibility as a design challengeWhitney Quesenbery
Let's get past the idea that checklists and compliance all there is to accessibility. Designing for accessibility is a user experience design problem, starting with understanding how people with disabilities use your products. If we aim to design for all senses we can focus on easy interaction, helpful wayfinding, clean presentation, plain language and media instead of "rules." Doing so, we can create a web for everyone and a delightful user experience where accessibility and usability work together.
Updated January 21
Replay of the O'Reilly webcast: http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/e/2992
Transcript of the O'Reilly webcast: http://www.wqusability.com/handouts/AWFE-Challenge-OReilly-Transcript.pdf
Dr Scott Hollier presents a demonstration on how the vast world of online content is experienced for people with disabilities, as well as tools and techniques to help understand the need and importance of web accessibility. This presentation covers a brief history of access, information on user experience, accessibility features available in Windows, Mac, iOS and Android devices and resources for ICT professionals including social media tools, document accessibility advice and WCAG 2.0 at a glance.
Learn about the basics of web accessibility: what it is, who it affects, why it matters, and some of the fundamental things you ought to be doing in your pages to make them more accessible.
Presentation on how usability and accessibility problems are related. Including people with disabilities in usability testing can reveal deeper insights into the kinds of problems users might encounter
How to create accessible websites - WordCamp BostonRachel Cherry
Web accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of removing barriers that prevent interaction with, or access to, websites by people with disabilities. When your website is inaccessible, research shows you could be excluding up to 20 percent of your visitors and customers. When your website is accessible, everyone can consume your information and interact with you and your services. Visually-impaired users can visit your website using a screen reader. Those who can’t use a mouse can navigate your site using a keyboard or other input device. Designing with accessibility in mind will also improve your SEO. Join my workshop to learn more about accessibility, the importance of universal design, and how to create a high-quality user experience that is inclusive and beneficial to all.
Web accessibility 101: The why, who, what, and how of "a11y"ecentricarts
Our in-house ecentricarts Accessibility Team (known as EAT) has compiled a ton of resources to help you understand the ins and outs of web accessibility. This includes: why it matters, who it impacts, common misconceptions, a beginner's guide to WCAG 2.0 and accessibility legislation, and how you can test, design, develop, and create more accessible websites.
This presentation also includes examples of before/after screenreader demos, and our 2017 company video made with described audio.
With increased complaints and legal action for organisations of inaccessible websites (Coles, Peapod) and apps (Westpac), now is the time for all web and app Project Managers, Developers, UX/Designers, Content Producers, Business Analysts and Testers to be ‘baking in’ accessibility into processes and work practices.
This presentation will show that accessibility is everyone’s responsibility and it is not difficult to get started or find resources that will help you and your team produce a website, app or digital presence that works for everyone!
A Web for Everyone: Accessibility as a design challengeWhitney Quesenbery
Let's get past the idea that checklists and compliance all there is to accessibility. Designing for accessibility is a user experience design problem, starting with understanding how people with disabilities use your products. If we aim to design for all senses we can focus on easy interaction, helpful wayfinding, clean presentation, plain language and media instead of "rules." Doing so, we can create a web for everyone and a delightful user experience where accessibility and usability work together.
Updated January 21
Replay of the O'Reilly webcast: http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/e/2992
Transcript of the O'Reilly webcast: http://www.wqusability.com/handouts/AWFE-Challenge-OReilly-Transcript.pdf
Dr Scott Hollier presents a demonstration on how the vast world of online content is experienced for people with disabilities, as well as tools and techniques to help understand the need and importance of web accessibility. This presentation covers a brief history of access, information on user experience, accessibility features available in Windows, Mac, iOS and Android devices and resources for ICT professionals including social media tools, document accessibility advice and WCAG 2.0 at a glance.
Learn about the basics of web accessibility: what it is, who it affects, why it matters, and some of the fundamental things you ought to be doing in your pages to make them more accessible.
Presentation on how usability and accessibility problems are related. Including people with disabilities in usability testing can reveal deeper insights into the kinds of problems users might encounter
How to create accessible websites - WordCamp BostonRachel Cherry
Web accessibility refers to the inclusive practice of removing barriers that prevent interaction with, or access to, websites by people with disabilities. When your website is inaccessible, research shows you could be excluding up to 20 percent of your visitors and customers. When your website is accessible, everyone can consume your information and interact with you and your services. Visually-impaired users can visit your website using a screen reader. Those who can’t use a mouse can navigate your site using a keyboard or other input device. Designing with accessibility in mind will also improve your SEO. Join my workshop to learn more about accessibility, the importance of universal design, and how to create a high-quality user experience that is inclusive and beneficial to all.
In this presentation, Dr Scott Hollier addresses the latest updates from trial sites of the NDIS rollout and provides case studies examining workforce transition, funding models and marketing strategies. This presentation covers the top three ICT questions that are often asked, three important factors regarding disability and technology, useful advice for job seekers and employers, and an overview of ICT access in the workplace as well as useful resources for service providers looking to improve accessibility.
This presentation will help you understand:
- The legal requirements behind Web Accessibility
- How do people with disabilities use the web and what assistive technologies they use
- How good usability makes up for better accessibility and improves site’ SEO
- Financial benefits of having an accessible website
Including Everyone: Web Accessibility 101Helena Zubkow
Shouldn’t the web be awesome for everyone? That's not always the case, but it could be.
Designed for developers, project managers, and directors alike, the goal of this session is to introduce everyone to the wonderful world of web accessibility. We'll cover the basic standards and regional expectations for accessibility, as well as the principles and concepts that make up the accessibility field. This session will touch on Section 508, WCAG 2.0 standards, and the financial viability of a web accessibility initiative in an industry where time is money.
This session is proposed as a conceptual prelude to our more developer-oriented accessibility session that is taking place at the Higher Ed Summit. Based on my experience as a web accessibility specialist from both the perspective of a project manager and a front-end developer, I'll share the knowledge I've gained with you to address the following important questions:
- What is web accessibility?
- Why does web accessibility matter to my users?
- Why does web accessibility matter for my company and clients?
- How will a web accessibility initiative affect my bottom line?
- How can I include web accessibility in my company's culture and work plans?
- What tools can I use to assess and improve accessibility in my projects?
- How can I help the web accessibility community?
We all get the WHO or we wouldn’t be here, same with the WHY. This presentation looks at WHAT, WHERE and HOW.
Accessibility is often a lot closer than you realise. Organisations rely on and invest heavily in technology, one of the options being considered in the mix may open up a whole new pool of resourcing options.
This presentation explores how an organisation can quickly and easily include accessibility in their organisational planning. Government departments started with accessible websites, now this is flowing onto NGOs while government departments focus on the next levels of digital accessibility.
When you know the right questions to ask, it isn’t that hard and there are some quick wins organisations can and should be implementing right now. Areas covered in this presentation include:
Technology – it is probably already on the hardware you are using!
Accessible documents – what are they and how can you produce them?
Outsourcing digital – what do you put in your brief?
Websites – internet and intranet – we all know content is king – who owns accessibility
Alternative media – video, social, webinars
Organisational accessibility – it’s not a box to tick, it’s a way of doing business - how do you embed this into an organisation?
How we’re going and new frontiers: Blind Citizens Australia Conference 2015Media Access Australia
Dr Scott Hollier discusses the legacy of assistive technologies such as screen readers, the current availability of accessibility features in popular operating systems such a Windows, iOS and Android, and the potential benefits of wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT).
This presentation also highlights the slow-but-steady improvement in the availability of audio described content across a range of platforms including ABC iView, Netflix and iTunes.
Is it usable for people with disabilities?
We know a lot about how to meet the checkpoints for accessibility, but how well do you understand what makes a good experience for people with disabilities? Only getting out and seeing how people use your product will help you understand what makes it a delight to use --- or a pain. User research and usability testing should be part of your accessible UX toolkit.
In this webinar, we will explore the principles of accessible web design with practical tips you can begin implementing today. Ash Harris, CEO of AKEA Web Solutions, will also dive into how you can implement a long-term strategy for maintaining an accessible website.
A slide deck to aid discussion on the following two research papers in the field of accessibility:
1. User Interface of a Home Page Reader
2. Digital Family Portraits: Supporting Peace of Mind for Extended Family Members
This presentation will help you understand;
- What Web Accessibility is.
- How individuals engage with digital products.
- How to search for web accessibility-related materials
- Forms of disabilities with regards to web accessibility
- How people with disabilities use the web
- Why making the web accessible is important
- Stakeholders in the web accessibility concept
- How to make digital products accessible
Presenter: Positive Equator of positiveequator.com
Accessibility is ease of use, being inclusive with most of the audience who are able to perform the task in a different way than normal users.
Here is the collated research on visual design best practices from accessibility perspective.
Web Accessibility: A Shared ResponsibilityJoseph Dolson
This a presentation prepared for a Montana Web Developer's Meetup in December, 2011. The focus is on collaborating with content providers and employers to share the responsibility for web accessibility.
UXPA2019 UX fundamentals for adapting science-based interfaces for non-techni...UXPA International
This presentation will discuss the challenges of adapting a water simulation interface, originally built to present technical information to experts, to new audiences that include high school students and rural populations of museum visitors. It will discuss the important verbal, visual, and interactive adaptation work required to convey accurate scientific data while building a meaningful user experience. It will also discuss some of the particular considerations (such as accuracy and amount of data) that need to be accommodated when scientific content is being made more accessible.
You went to a lot of trouble to put that content online. Plain language will help your audience find it, understand it and use it. Writing clearly makes information more accessible – and usable – for people who don’t read well, are reading in a second language, or are listening to the text. That means better informed users, happier customers, and fewer angry support calls.
Updated for AccessU 2017
Long descriptions of images are in the speaker notes
In this presentation, Dr Scott Hollier addresses the latest updates from trial sites of the NDIS rollout and provides case studies examining workforce transition, funding models and marketing strategies. This presentation covers the top three ICT questions that are often asked, three important factors regarding disability and technology, useful advice for job seekers and employers, and an overview of ICT access in the workplace as well as useful resources for service providers looking to improve accessibility.
This presentation will help you understand:
- The legal requirements behind Web Accessibility
- How do people with disabilities use the web and what assistive technologies they use
- How good usability makes up for better accessibility and improves site’ SEO
- Financial benefits of having an accessible website
Including Everyone: Web Accessibility 101Helena Zubkow
Shouldn’t the web be awesome for everyone? That's not always the case, but it could be.
Designed for developers, project managers, and directors alike, the goal of this session is to introduce everyone to the wonderful world of web accessibility. We'll cover the basic standards and regional expectations for accessibility, as well as the principles and concepts that make up the accessibility field. This session will touch on Section 508, WCAG 2.0 standards, and the financial viability of a web accessibility initiative in an industry where time is money.
This session is proposed as a conceptual prelude to our more developer-oriented accessibility session that is taking place at the Higher Ed Summit. Based on my experience as a web accessibility specialist from both the perspective of a project manager and a front-end developer, I'll share the knowledge I've gained with you to address the following important questions:
- What is web accessibility?
- Why does web accessibility matter to my users?
- Why does web accessibility matter for my company and clients?
- How will a web accessibility initiative affect my bottom line?
- How can I include web accessibility in my company's culture and work plans?
- What tools can I use to assess and improve accessibility in my projects?
- How can I help the web accessibility community?
We all get the WHO or we wouldn’t be here, same with the WHY. This presentation looks at WHAT, WHERE and HOW.
Accessibility is often a lot closer than you realise. Organisations rely on and invest heavily in technology, one of the options being considered in the mix may open up a whole new pool of resourcing options.
This presentation explores how an organisation can quickly and easily include accessibility in their organisational planning. Government departments started with accessible websites, now this is flowing onto NGOs while government departments focus on the next levels of digital accessibility.
When you know the right questions to ask, it isn’t that hard and there are some quick wins organisations can and should be implementing right now. Areas covered in this presentation include:
Technology – it is probably already on the hardware you are using!
Accessible documents – what are they and how can you produce them?
Outsourcing digital – what do you put in your brief?
Websites – internet and intranet – we all know content is king – who owns accessibility
Alternative media – video, social, webinars
Organisational accessibility – it’s not a box to tick, it’s a way of doing business - how do you embed this into an organisation?
How we’re going and new frontiers: Blind Citizens Australia Conference 2015Media Access Australia
Dr Scott Hollier discusses the legacy of assistive technologies such as screen readers, the current availability of accessibility features in popular operating systems such a Windows, iOS and Android, and the potential benefits of wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT).
This presentation also highlights the slow-but-steady improvement in the availability of audio described content across a range of platforms including ABC iView, Netflix and iTunes.
Is it usable for people with disabilities?
We know a lot about how to meet the checkpoints for accessibility, but how well do you understand what makes a good experience for people with disabilities? Only getting out and seeing how people use your product will help you understand what makes it a delight to use --- or a pain. User research and usability testing should be part of your accessible UX toolkit.
In this webinar, we will explore the principles of accessible web design with practical tips you can begin implementing today. Ash Harris, CEO of AKEA Web Solutions, will also dive into how you can implement a long-term strategy for maintaining an accessible website.
A slide deck to aid discussion on the following two research papers in the field of accessibility:
1. User Interface of a Home Page Reader
2. Digital Family Portraits: Supporting Peace of Mind for Extended Family Members
This presentation will help you understand;
- What Web Accessibility is.
- How individuals engage with digital products.
- How to search for web accessibility-related materials
- Forms of disabilities with regards to web accessibility
- How people with disabilities use the web
- Why making the web accessible is important
- Stakeholders in the web accessibility concept
- How to make digital products accessible
Presenter: Positive Equator of positiveequator.com
Accessibility is ease of use, being inclusive with most of the audience who are able to perform the task in a different way than normal users.
Here is the collated research on visual design best practices from accessibility perspective.
Web Accessibility: A Shared ResponsibilityJoseph Dolson
This a presentation prepared for a Montana Web Developer's Meetup in December, 2011. The focus is on collaborating with content providers and employers to share the responsibility for web accessibility.
UXPA2019 UX fundamentals for adapting science-based interfaces for non-techni...UXPA International
This presentation will discuss the challenges of adapting a water simulation interface, originally built to present technical information to experts, to new audiences that include high school students and rural populations of museum visitors. It will discuss the important verbal, visual, and interactive adaptation work required to convey accurate scientific data while building a meaningful user experience. It will also discuss some of the particular considerations (such as accuracy and amount of data) that need to be accommodated when scientific content is being made more accessible.
You went to a lot of trouble to put that content online. Plain language will help your audience find it, understand it and use it. Writing clearly makes information more accessible – and usable – for people who don’t read well, are reading in a second language, or are listening to the text. That means better informed users, happier customers, and fewer angry support calls.
Updated for AccessU 2017
Long descriptions of images are in the speaker notes
Don't Panic! How to perform an accessibility evaluation with limited resourcesMichael Ryan
Being tasked with an accessibility evaluation is can be daunting. How can you measure accessibility? What disabilities are the most important? What tools do you need? How long will it take? Where do I start? What does "accessible" even mean?
These are all questions I asked myself last year when I performed my first accessibility eval. This session will share everything I learned since then in performing three accessibility evaluations.
UXPA2019 Enhancing the User Experience for People with Disabilities: Top 10 ...UXPA International
An estimated 1.3 billion people globally report limitations in their daily activities due to a disability. When it comes to the physical world, businesses have made progress in accommodating customers with disabilities. But in the digital world, websites lack basic accessibility features such as text alternatives describing images, proper heading level structures so individuals who are blind and use screen readers can understand the content on a webpage, or captioning for multimedia content for individuals who are deaf or are hard of hearing – let alone assistive technology for customers who have trouble using mobile devices due to dexterity limitations that arise from a variety of conditions.
In this session, attendees will:
* Understand people with disabilities (PWDs) and how they use the web
* Learn about common barriers, issues and solutions
* Discover the different testing methodologies and their interdependencies
* Uncover ROI
Usability ≠ Accessibility. An intro to web accessibility for agencies.Kate Horowitz
I often see people mistake usability for accessibility. They are not the same; in fact, often they contract each other. I've put together this guide to better understand accessibility, how it differs from usability, and when accessibility may be right for your client.
ATAGTR2017 SPEAKING EYE for differently abled people to see the web contentAgile Testing Alliance
The presentation on SPEAKING EYE for differently abled people to see the web content was done during #ATAGTR2017, one of the largest global testing conference. All copyright belongs to the author.
Author and presenter : Nadeeka Samanthi Wijewantha
Designing, Developing & Testing for AccessibilityEric Malcolm
In this talk we will go over the basics of designing, developing and testing for accessibility. Including: Color Contrast, Sizing & Spacing, Device Independent User Input, Page Structure, Headings, Testing Tools, Extensions, Testing with a Screen Reader.
Accessibility Now: What Developers Need to Know About Inclusive DesignEvan Brenner
In 2019, web designers, developers, and programmers will be part of a global initiative to ensure all of their company's products and services are accessible to everyone.
Join Geographic Solutions' Patti Arouni and John Contarino as they lead an engaging discussion on what developers need to know to make the web more accessible and ADA compliant for all users.
It’s great to keep up to date with readings, meetups, and training, but until you embed accessibility thinking within your project or product delivery process, you’ll struggle to build truly accessible solutions.
Remya is going to share Seamless’s journey in implementing a cross-functional working group and weaving accessibility into their web development process.
Presented at DDD Conference, Melbourne / 12 Aug 2017
Presentation given to students on the Bachelor in Web Development degree at the Business Academy Southwest (https://www.easv.dk/en) in Esbjerg, Denmark on the 17th November 2017.
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Expedia Tech Know How Talks August 2016: Beyond WCAG 2.0 Effective Inclusive...jack_armley
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Digital accessibility intro-a11ycle_2020-01-15
1. Digital Accessibility –
an introduction
by Joshua Randall
for the Cleveland Accessibility Meetup
January 15, 2020
2. Cleveland Accessibility Meetup
• Our mission: To raise awareness of digital
accessibility, inclusive design, and assistive
technologies in Northeast Ohio in a setting of
sharing, learning, and networking.
• Our leadership: Melanie Bozzelli (and Joshua Randall)
• What we are: a monthly (ish) Meetup to talk about accessibility
• What we are not: political, nor an advocacy organization
4. We can’t do this without YOU!
• Spread the word
• Suggest topics or events…
• … or better yet, organize or present
• Help us find sponsors
• Promote accessibility at your company or organization
5. And Now, Back to the Presentation
• 10 minutes – Introduction to Digital Accessibility
• 10 minutes – Assistive Technology Demos
• 20 minutes – the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
• 5 minutes – Summary
• 5 minutes – Questions and Answers
7. Disclaimers
• I am not a lawyer.
• This is an informational presentation, not a how-to.
• I need to explain this one weird abbreviation….
8. This One Weird Abbreviation…
accessibility
a + 11 letters + y
a11y
9. Introduction: What is Digital Accessibility?
Digital accessibility is the ability of a website,
mobile application, or electronic document to be
easily navigated and understood by a wide
range of users, including those users who have
visual, auditory, motor, or cognitive disabilities.
Source: Web Accessibility Initiative
10. Introduction: Obligatory Venn(ish) Diagram
ADA or 508
conformance
web accessibility
digital accessibility
inclusive design
universal design
Source: Matt May, Adobe
11. Who is affected by digital accessibility?
15.3% of United States population, or almost 50 million
people, have a disability that could affect their use of digital
products.
• 6.2% have difficulty hearing or seeing.
• 2.8% have difficulty grasping objects.
• 6.3% have cognitive difficulties.
Worldwide: also 15%, or over 1 billion people.
Disabilities affect customers and employees.
All of us will be affected eventually.
Also think about temporary and situational disabilities.
Sources: United States Census; World Health Organization; Bruce Tognazzini
12. Temporary and Situational Disabilities
or anyone in bright sunlight
or anyone who needs to
keep their volume down
Source: Microsoft inclusive design toolkit
13. Why should we care about accessibility?
• It’s the right thing to do.
• A11y improves your brand.
• A11y is a quality issue.
• A11y affects your business-to-business work.
• A11y helps with search engine optimization (SEO).
• A11y supports low-bandwidth users.
• A11y reduces legal risk.
Sources: Karl Groves; Seyfarth Shaw; David Berman; International Telecommunications Union; Jupiter Research;
American Federation for the Blind
14. ADA Title III Lawsuits, and Web Accessibility
Lawsuits, Brought in Federal Court (2013-2019)
2,722
4,436
4,789
6,601
7,735
9,936
10,206
ADA Title III Lawsuits Web Accessibility Lawsuits
Source: Seyfarth Shaw (adatitleiii.com), Level Access, and UsableNet
15 19 57
262
814
2,2352,285
15. Legal Underpinnings of Accessibility
(totally not legal advice)
• 1990 – Americans with Disability Act passed
• Title III prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in
the activities of “places of public accommodation”
(businesses that are generally open to the public).
• 2017 – Department of Justice (DOJ) withdraws rulemaking
• 2018 – DOJ letter to Congress writes that “absence of a specific
regulation does not serve as a basis for noncompliance”
• even though DOJ doesn’t specify WCAG, that’s no excuse
• 2019 Domino’s Pizza case
• 9th Circuit Court of Appeals says ADA covers sites and apps
• Supreme Court elects not to hear case (lower ruling stands)
• Outside the U.S.A. – WCAG are included in accessibility laws in
many countries (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the E.U., etc.)
16. How to Sue Someone
(still not legal advice) (also please don't do this)
1. Pick an industry
2. Identify companies in that industry
3. Run a web accessibility tool on the web pages of those companies
4. Send a demand letter with a summary of the findings
5. Wait for responses
6. File a batch of lawsuits
Source: adapted from Seyfarth Shaw and Level Access presentation
17. Every part of an organization shares
responsibility for digital accessibility
Legal
Business
• sales, marketing, merchandizing, advertising, branding
User Experience
• user researchers, content strategists, interaction designers,
visual designers, usability testers, et al.
Content Authors
• anyone who uses a content management system (CMS)
Information Technology
• quality assurance (QA), business analysts (BAs), developers
• last but not least, and also… last but certainly not only
19. Assistive Technology (AT) Overview
Software
• Screen Readers (Text-to-Speech)
• Voice Recog. (Speech-to-Text)
• Screen Magnifiers (virtual)
• Ergonomic Aids to avoid
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
• Mind Mapping & Org. Aids
• Proofing Tools, Note-taking, and
Literacy Aids
• Optical Character Recog. (OCR)
• Software for creating Braille
• Software for creating and reading
sound files
Hardware
• Keyboards
• Mice & Pointing Devices
• Headsets, Mics & Recording
Devices
• Equipment to support hearing
impaired users (for F2F mtgs)
• Screen Magnifiers (physical)
• Large monitors and monitor arms
• Ergonomic Support Equipment
• Braille Devices
• Scanners
• Personal printers
• Hardware specifically to enable a
user to work while out of office
20. Assistive Technology Demos
Focus Indicator
sighted, keyboard only users (example: hand tremor)
Speech-To-Text (example: Dragon Naturally Speaking)
sighted users who can’t use a keyboard (example: paralysis)
Screen Reader (example: VoiceOver on iPhone)
non-sighted users (example: blindness)
21. Use Assistive Technologies Yourself
Keyboard
• browse only with keyboard (don’t use your mouse)
Mouse
• use in opposite hand
Pointing Device
• hold a pen in your mouth, or rubber band it to your hand
Screen Readers
• NVDA (best with Firefox) – nvaccess.org
• JAWS (best with Internet Explorer) – freedomscientific.com
• VoiceOver (MacOS and iOS) and Talkback (Android)
Screen Magnification
• built into most operating systems (ex. “Magnifier” in Windows)
• Magic or ZoomText
26. WCAG Levels A, AA, and AAA
A – basic a11y
AA – address most
common barriers
AAA – highest
level of a11y
industry standard: WCAG 2.1 AA
27. WCAG: P for Perceivable
Perceivable
• Available to the senses (primarily vision and hearing)
either through browser, or through assistive
technologies (screen readers, magnifiers, etc.)
What To Do
• Text alternatives for images
• Captions and transcripts for video / audio
• Present content in different ways
• Design with proficient color contrast
• Avoid unnecessary movement or distractions
Source: Dennis Lembrée
28. WCAG: O for Operable
Operable
• Users can interact with all controls and interactive
elements using either mouse, keyboard, or AT.
What To Do
• All functionality available through keyboard
• User-controlled timing and limits
• Don’t cause seizures (don’t flash > 3 / sec)
• Multiple ways to determine where you are, to
navigate, and to find content
Source: Dennis Lembrée
29. WCAG: U for Understandable
Understandable
• Content is clear, unambiguous, and not confusing.
What To Do
• Use plain language (“writespeak”)
• Supplement text with illustrations, videos, etc.
• Consistent, obvious navigation and structure
• Pages operate in predictable ways
• Help users avoid and correct mistakes
Source: Dennis Lembrée
30. WCAG: R for Robust
Robust
• Wide range of technologies can access the content
(including both old and new UAs and ATs).
What To Do
• Provide name, role, value, and state for non-standard
user interface components
• Adhere to W3C standards
• Use semantic markup
• Use progressive enhancement
Source: Dennis Lembrée
31. WCAG Conclusion
WCAGuidelines, not WCARules
Use the WCAG Quick Reference…
w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref
… or the WebAIM WCAG 2 Checklist…
webaim.org/standards/wcag/checklist
… or the Interactive WCAG (filter by role)
code.viget.com/interactive-wcag
33. Summary
Accessibility is the right thing to do and part of quality.
Empathize with others. Disabilities affect everyone,
sometimes or eventually.
Assistive Technologies (ATs) help people use the web.
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are
the standards we follow.
34. Ready for more?
Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI), w3.org/WAI
Slack, web-a11y.slack.com
book recommendations
• Accessibility for Everyone, Laura Kalbag (2017, A Book Apart)
• A Web for Everyone, Sarah Horton and Whitney Quesenbery (2014, Rosenfeld)
• Inclusive Components, Heydon Pickering (2018, self published e-book)
• Inclusive Design Patterns, Heydon Pickering (2016, Smashing Magazine)
Twitter hashtags #a11y and #A11yCLE
many free webinars from the top consultancies
• Deque Systems
• Level Access
• The Paciello Group
• Tenon
36. Stuff to Read While I Take Questions
Want to take some next steps?
• Experience your site using assistive tech (keyboard, screen reader)
• Use WAVE, aXe, or similar on your website
• Understand the WCAG and ARIA
• Read a book (Accessibility for Everyone; Inclusive Design Patterns)
• Explore the Twitter hashtags #a11y and #A11yCLE
• Bake accessibility into your design process!
37. from the home office in Brooklyn, Ohio:
Top 10 A11y Things
(not on the W3C websites)
1. inclusive-components.design
2. BBC’s Mobile Accessibility Guidelines
3. WebAIM mailing list archive
4. ADATitleIII.com
5. Deque Systems
6. Level Access / Simply Accessible
7. The Paciello Group (TPG) / Interactive Accessibility (IA)
8. Tenon.io and Karl Groves’ blog
9. NVDA screen reader
10. WAVE tool
38. Name Dropping
in no particular order
Steve Faulkner (TPG, Technical Director)
Léonie Watson (consultant; formerly TPG, Dir. of Communication)
Henny Swan (TPG, author)
Heydon Pickering (consultant)
Dennis Lembrée (consultant; Deque; WebAxe)
Jennie Lay-Flurrie (Microsoft, Chief Accessibility Officer)
Karl Groves (consultant, Tenon founder)
Adrian Roselli (consultant)
Lainey Feingold (lawyer, author)
David Berman (consultant)
39. What You Can Do Today
1. Hide your mouse and navigate using keyboard only
2. Turn on high contrast mode
3. Turn off images
4. Verify that captions or transcripts exist for video / audio
5. Click on field labels
6. Turn off CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
Source: “The 6 simplest accessibility tests anyone can do.” karlgroves.com
43. HTML: Semantics
Use HTML element that describes the content
(not the presentation)
Benefits of doing this:
• Accessibility
• Graceful degradation
• Future-proofing
• Easier to maintain
• Professionalism
• SEO (search engine optimization)
44. HTML: Foundational Advice
Use <strong>/<em> for importance or emphasis, not CSS.
Never use an element for its design; for example:
• Never use <blockquote> for the indent
• Never use <Hx> for size and bolding
Forms
• Placeholder text is not a substitute for labels
• If exactly one selection is required, use radio buttons,
not checkboxes
• Label the groups of radio inputs / checkboxes
45. CSS: Styling
Readability (text size, line length, white space, proximity)
Color Contrast (WCAG 1.4.3)
Ample Hit Areas (tap/touch targets)
(44x44 CSS px minimum)
Be careful with SVG and CSS-generated content
(support is inconsistent)
46. JavaScript (JS): Behavior
Don’t use it unless you need it
Always manage focus!
(essential for a11y and usability)
Tabindex
• 0 makes it tab-able
• -1 makes it tab-able only with JS
• otherwise, don’t use it (under normal circumstances)
Use native components when at all possible
47. Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA)
The first rule:
If you can use a native HTML element or attribute instead
of an ARIA role, state, or property, then do so.
ARIA provides no functionality, so you must build it with
scripting.
3 main features of ARIA:
• roles override native role semantics.
− widget, landmark, document structure
• properties express characteristics or relationships of objects.
• states define current conditions or data values of an element.
More? patrickhlauke.github.io/aria/presentation
48. ARIA: A Simple Example (on a form field)
<label for=“address”>Address</label>
<input name=“address” id=“address”
type=“text” aria-describedby=“hintAddr”
/>
<p id=“hintAddr”>Your primary
residence.</p>
Address
“Your primary residence”
49. Putting (Most of) It Together
I’ll show you an example of accessible, well styled radio
buttons.
Please excuse the crudity of the model. I didn’t have time to
built it to scale nor to paint it.
50. Visual Design
Make a style guide.
• focus indicator, link styling, elements, widgets, etc.
Use elements properly.
• Links are not Buttons, and Buttons are not Links
HTML headings (H1 thru H6) aren’t for visual presentation.
They are for structure, like an outline.
Use labels on form fields, not placeholder text.
Are images decorative, or do they convey content?
51. Visual Design
Don’t embed text in images.
Appropriately use color.
• cannot use color alone to convey differences
• foreground to background contrast ratio must be at least 4.5 to 1
Never use carousels.
• terrible for usability
• terrible for accessibility
• terrible for click-through and conversion
Test your designs!
52. Front-End Development
The two most important resources:
• the WCAG themselves (w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref)
• ARIA authoring practices (w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices)
Dennis Lembrée, “Web Accessibility Training for
Developers” (eastersealstech.com/a11y)
Other great resources:
• W3C Web A11y Tutorials (w3.org/WAI/tutorials)
• Heydon Pickering’s inclusive-components.design
• A11y Style Guide & Pattern Library (a11y-style-guide.com)
• Dev’s Guide to Better A11y (tinyurl.com/24a11yDevGuide)
Test your code!
53. More Front-End Dev Resources
Patrick Lauke (of The Paciello Group) - epic 161 slide deck
patrickhlauke.github.io/aria/presentation
Marcy Sutton (of Deque Systems) – Egghead.io short
courses
egghead.io/courses/start-building-accessible-web-applications-
today
Udacity and Google – 2 week course
udacity.com/course/web-accessibility--ud891
Did I mention the Dennis Lembrée presentation? Because it’s
great.
eastersealstech.com/a11y
55. Interaction Design and Wireframing
What is the organizing principle for your site or app?
Keep your workflows logical and concise.
It’s never too early to think about how someone will
physically interact with your product, website, or app.
Wireframing
Aidan Tierney, “Early prevention of a11y issues” (SlideShare)
Stack Exchange: “Designing wireframes keeping a11y guidelines in
mind”
Test your prototypes!
56. What To Look For in Your Wireframes
Source: Aidan Tierney, “Early prevention of accessibility issues” (SlideShare)
58. The Wireframe for the Flight Booking App
Source: Tierney, “Early prevention of accessibility issues”
59. Wireframing Exercise
You’ll work as one big group.
6-7 minutes: review the wireframe, keeping in mind the
principles we’ve discussed.
You can refer to the WCAG or other resources (but don’t
look up Aiden Tierney’s source presentation).
2 minutes: report out.
1 minute: the answers (?)
60.
61. Example of a Wireframe with A11y Notes
Source: Tierney, “Early prevention of accessibility issues”
63. A Design Process
• Design Strategy
− a brief detour into Inclusive Design
• Content Strategy and Content Authoring
• User Research and Usability Testing
• Interaction Design and Wireframing
• Visual Design
• Front-End Development
− a brief detour into ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet
Applications)
• Quality Assurance
65. Quality Assurance
Testing Approach: you’re doing it wrong.
• You must shift your testing upstream.
• You must do manual testing, in addition to automated testing.
Testing Tools
• WAVE (Web Accessibility Evaluation tool, by WebAIM)
• aXe (Accessibility Engine, by Deque Systems)
• IA Toolkit (by Interactive Accessibility)
• Tenon.io
• W3C’s HTML validator (validator.w3.org)
− because proper markup is inherently accessible
Use those assistive technologies!
Source: Karl Groves, “Everything you know about accessibility testing is wrong” (karlgroves.com/blog)
66. Testing for Accessibility
The best testing tool is your keyboard.
Source: Elle Waters, “Lean Accessibility”, Level Access webinar, 31 July 2018
Lean UX testing:
1. Contrast
2. Images
3. Structure
4. Proximity
5. Everything else
Lean dev testing:
1. Keyboard handling
2. Images
3. Forms
4. Dynamic content
5. Everything else
Start as novices; learn as you go.
Automate what can be automated from the beginning.
67. User Research and Usability Testing
Recruitment of people with disabilities (PWD):
challenging, but worth it.
− disability advocacy orgs, universities, social media,
perhaps your friendly local accessibility meetup
Include PWD in your user research.
− as early as possible
− focus groups, card sorts, user interviews, contextual inquiry
− go to them
Include people of varying abilities in your personas.
− search “Personas for Accessible UX” (sourced from A Web for
Everyone by Horton and Quesenbery)
− Design for Real Life by Eric Meyer and Sara Wachter-
Boettcher
69. Design Strategy
“Behind every great site or app lies thought, empathy,
and inclusion. This doesn’t happen by accident; it
happens by design.” (Henny Swan)
Who is your target audience?
Good design is still good design.
• Useful (Dieter Rams #2)
• Understandable (Rams #4)
• Unobtrusive (Rams #5)
• As little as possible (Rams #10)
70. Inclusive Design Principles
1. Prioritize content
2. Consider situation
3. Be consistent
4. Give control
5. Offer choice
6. Provide comparable experiences
7. Add value
Source: inclusivedesignprinciples.org
71. Content Strategy and Content Authoring
Content is still king.
• Write the way you would speak, say what you mean,
avoid jargon.
Content authors are responsible for words.
• anything visually-hidden, form fields, transcripts
and captions, alt-text, headings, link labels, button
labels
“Accessibility as an Editorial Task”, Corey Vilhauer
Test your content!
72. Interaction Design and Wireframing
What is the organizing principle for your site or app?
Keep your workflows logical and concise.
It’s never too early to think about how someone will
physically interact with your product, website, or app.
Wireframing
• Aidan Tierney, “Early prevention of a11y issues” (SlideShare)
• Stack Exchange: “Designing wireframes keeping a11y guidelines in mind”
Test your prototypes!