This document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs), acute renal failure (ARF), and chronic renal failure (CRF). It covers the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of UTIs, which are usually caused by bacteria entering the urethra and bladder. It describes ARF as a rapid decrease in renal function over days to weeks that can result from trauma, illness, or surgery. CRF is the long-term deterioration of renal function over time from any cause of kidney damage. The document provides details on diagnosing and managing these conditions through laboratory tests, imaging, managing fluid and electrolytes, and potentially using dialysis.

1. UTI , ARF , CRFBY: Laura Garcia

2. UTI ( urinary tract infection) What is a UTI ?Urinary tract infections are caused by germs, usually bacteria that enter the urethra and then the bladder. This can lead to infection, common in the bladder, which can eventually spread to the kidneys.Most of the time, your bodycan get rid of these bacteria. However, certain conditions increase the risk of having UTIs.

3. Causes:Women tend to get them more often because their urethra is shorter and closer to the anus than in men. Because of this, women are more likely to get an infection after sexual activity or when using a diaphragm for birth control. Menopause also increases the risk of a UTI.The following also increase your chances of developing a UTI:Diabetes Advanced age (especially people in nursing homes) Problems emptying your bladder (urinary retention) because of brain or nerve disorders A tube called a urinary catheter inserted into your urinary tract Bowel incontinence Enlarged prostate, narrowed urethra, or anything that blocks the flow of urine Kidney stones Staying still (immobile) for a long period of time (for example, while you are recovering from a hip fracture) Pregnancy

4. Symptoms:Cloudy or bloody urine, which may have a foul or strong odor

5. Low fever

6. Pain or burning with urination

7. Pressure or cramping in the lower abdomen or back

8. Strong need to urinate oftenIf the infection spreads to your kidneys, symptoms may include:Chills and shaking or night sweats

9. Fatigue and a general ill feeling

10. Fever above 101 degrees Fahrenheit

11. Flank, back, or groin pain