The document discusses different techniques for real-time communication between a client and server, including short polling, long polling, and websockets. It explains that websockets allow for full-duplex communication and are more efficient than polling techniques. The document then outlines how to use websockets with the Play! framework, including creating enumerators and iteratees on the server and connecting via websockets on the client. It provides a link to a Play! chat application sample that demonstrates using websockets.