The document discusses the use of the simple present tense in English. It can be used to express habitual or repeated actions, facts that are generally true, and scheduled events in the near future. The simple present can also refer to actions happening now with non-continuous verbs. It also covers the forms of the verb "to be" and how to form negatives and questions. Finally, it provides rules for making the third person singular form of regular and irregular verbs.

2. USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT TO EXPRESS THE IDEA THAT AN ACTION IS
REPEATED OR USUAL. THE ACTION CAN BE A HABIT, A HOBBY, A DAILY
EVENT, A SCHEDULED EVENT OR SOMETHING THAT OFTEN HAPPENS. IT
CAN ALSO BE SOMETHING A PERSON OFTEN FORGETS OR USUALLY DOES
NOT DO .
I play tennis.
She does not play tennis.
Does he play tennis?
The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
The train does not leave at 9 AM.

3. THE SIMPLE PRESENT CAN ALSO INDICATE THE SPEAKER BELIEVES THAT A
FACT WAS TRUE BEFORE, IS TRUE NOW, AND WILL BE TRUE IN THE FUTURE.
IT IS NOT IMPORTANT IF THE SPEAKER IS CORRECT ABOUT THE FACT. IT IS
ALSO USED TO MAKE GENERALIZATIONS ABOUT PEOPLE OR THINGS.
 Cats like milk.
 Birds do not like milk.
 Do pigs like milk?
 California is in America.

4. SPEAKERS OCCASIONALLY USE SIMPLE PRESENT TO TALK ABOUT
SCHEDULED EVENTS IN THE NEAR FUTURE. THIS IS MOST COMMONLY DONE
WHEN TALKING ABOUT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, BUT IT CAN BE USED WITH
OTHER SCHEDULED EVENTS AS WELL.
 The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
 The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
 When do we board the plane?
 The party starts at 8 o'clock.

5. SPEAKERS SOMETIMES USE THE SIMPLE PRESENT TO EXPRESS THE IDEA
THAT AN ACTION IS HAPPENING OR IS NOT HAPPENING NOW. THIS CAN ONLY
BE DONE WITH NON-CONTINUOUS VERBS AND CERTAIN MIXED VERBS.
 I am here now.
 She is not here now.
 He needs help right now.
 He does not need help now.

6.  Full Forms of the verb to be
 I am a student.
 He is a teacher.
 She is a journalist.
 It is abook.
 We are mechanics.
 You are pilots.
 They are policemen.

7.  Full negative forms of the verb to be
 I am not a singer.
 He is not a receptionist.
 She is not a nurse.
 It is not my book.
 We are not musicians.
 You are not a shop assistant.
 They are not taxi drivers.

8.  The verb to be - yes / no questions
 Am I right?
 I she here?
 Is she a nurse?
 Is it second-hand?
 Are we wrong?
 Are you Alan Parker?
 Are they American?

9.  Affirmative sentences:
 I read books.
 My brother reads books.
 We sing pop songs.
 She sings pop songs.
 I play handball.
 John plays handball.

10.  Negative sentences:
You must not negate a full verb in English.
Always use the auxiliary do for negations.
 I like computers.
 I don't like computers at all.
My friend likes computers.
 My mum doesn't like computers at all.

11.  Look at these examples with the main verb like:
 subject auxiliary verb main verb
+I, you, we, they like coffee.
He, she, it likes coffee.
-I, you, we, they do not like coffee.
He, she, it does not like coffee?
Do I, you, we, they like coffee?
Does he, she, it like coffee?

12.  Look at these examples with the main verb be.
Notice that there is no auxiliary:
 subject main verb
I am French.
You, we, they are French.
He, she, it is French. -
I am not old. You,
we, they are not old. He,
she, it is not old. ?
Am I late?
Are you, we, they late?
I she, she, it late?

13. We use the simple present tense when:
 the action is general
 the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the
past, present and future
 the action is not only happening now
 the statement is always true

14.  -s or -es ?
 With most verbs, the third person singular form is created
simply by adding -S. However, with some verbs, you need to
add -ES or change the ending a little. Here are the rules:
Verb ending in... How to make the 3rd person singular
S Add –ES He passes
Z Add –ES She waltzes
Sh Add –ES She wishes
Ch Add –ES He watches
X Add –ES She mixes
O Add –ES He goes
consonant + y Change Y to I, then add ES It flies
[anything else] Add –S He sings