The document discusses several methods for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 including native dual stack, DS-Lite, NAT64, and 6RD. Native dual stack allows simultaneous use of IPv4 and IPv6 but is the most complex to deploy. DS-Lite tunnels IPv4 packets over IPv6 to allow an IPv6-only access network. NAT64 provides IPv4-IPv6 translation to allow access to IPv4 servers from an IPv6 network. 6RD allows lightweight IPv6 deployment without upgrades by encapsulating IPv6 in IPv4. Each method has different impacts on the access network, subscriber edge, and home network domains.
"CHT IPv6 Measurement and Deployment" by Chia-Wei Tseng.
A presentation given at the APNIC 40 IPv6 Readiness Measurement BoF and APIPv6TF sessions on Wed 9 Sep 2015.
As with any new technology, IPv6 requires a learning curve for network managers and IT administration and operations personnel. This presentation covers many of the current best practices for approaching and progressing with an IPv6 deployment.
Pv6 Tutorial for Beginners - Learn IPv6 (Internet protocol Version-6) in simple and easy steps. A beginner's tutorial containing complete knowledge of IPv6, IPv6 Features,
The Internet industry is undergoing a fundamental change as it transitions from IPv4 to IPv6. These slides are from the May 2011 webcast which provided an introduction to IPv6, covering the various issues and concerns about this new protocol, as well as the opportunities it offers.
The webcast featured Limor Schafman and Dale Geesey, IPv6 experts, discussing what IPv6 is, why it’s different, its advantages, the transition period from IPv4 and how organizations should start preparing.
You can view the webcast on the Commtouch Slideshare page.
The issue of deploying IPv6 Technology has been a topic of debate for more than a decade now.
Professionals have been discussing on the transition from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPVv4) to Internet
Protocol version 6 (IPv6) due to the fact that the IPv4 address space would soon be exhausted.
In this paper, we analyse the IPv4 and IPv6 technologies and look at the benefits of migrating to IPv6,
its social implications, risks & challenges and the opportunities the IPv6 migration offers
"CHT IPv6 Measurement and Deployment" by Chia-Wei Tseng.
A presentation given at the APNIC 40 IPv6 Readiness Measurement BoF and APIPv6TF sessions on Wed 9 Sep 2015.
As with any new technology, IPv6 requires a learning curve for network managers and IT administration and operations personnel. This presentation covers many of the current best practices for approaching and progressing with an IPv6 deployment.
Pv6 Tutorial for Beginners - Learn IPv6 (Internet protocol Version-6) in simple and easy steps. A beginner's tutorial containing complete knowledge of IPv6, IPv6 Features,
The Internet industry is undergoing a fundamental change as it transitions from IPv4 to IPv6. These slides are from the May 2011 webcast which provided an introduction to IPv6, covering the various issues and concerns about this new protocol, as well as the opportunities it offers.
The webcast featured Limor Schafman and Dale Geesey, IPv6 experts, discussing what IPv6 is, why it’s different, its advantages, the transition period from IPv4 and how organizations should start preparing.
You can view the webcast on the Commtouch Slideshare page.
The issue of deploying IPv6 Technology has been a topic of debate for more than a decade now.
Professionals have been discussing on the transition from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPVv4) to Internet
Protocol version 6 (IPv6) due to the fact that the IPv4 address space would soon be exhausted.
In this paper, we analyse the IPv4 and IPv6 technologies and look at the benefits of migrating to IPv6,
its social implications, risks & challenges and the opportunities the IPv6 migration offers
IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), and was developed by IETF to overcome the inevitable exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. In order to simplify the transition towards IPv6, the protocol iterated very little on how IPv4 operates other than offering more address space. This inadvertently produced the exact opposite of the intended effect: with no compelling new features for anyone outside of network engineering, IPv6 deployment has been hampered for decades, as developers find increasingly creative ways of efficiently using IPv4 address space rather than bearing the cost of transition.
In this talk, Fastly Network Engineer João Taveira discusses these protocol design failures and instead explain how Fastly re-architected its infrastructure around IPv6. By addressing IPv6 in a clean-slate manner, Fastly avoided perpetuating many of the mistakes of IPv4, and the resulting network architecture has the potential to significantly affect the performance, resilience, and economics of content delivery.
IPv6 Success Stories– Network Operators Tell All!
Asela Galappattige (Sri Lanka Telecom); Senevi Herath (LEARN); Patrick Okui (Network Startup Resource Center); Matsuzaki Yoshinobu (IIJ)
In this session, we invite network operators to share their IPv6 success stories and lessons learned along the way that can help other managers of networks deploy IPv6. How did they do it? What technical, organizational, and political challenges did they face? Attendees will gain vital insight as network operators lay out the stages for IPv6 implementation—creating the business case for management buy-in, initiating a planning process, flipping the switch, and, finally, gathering measurements and proving success.
You may have hoped to retire before IPv6 became a reality, but unfortunately the IPv4 address exhaustion came too fast. For the rest of us, we’re going to bite off a small piece of the 15-year old IPv6 pie and talk about how to get started!
• Address format refresher
• IPv4 and IPv6 protocol comparison
• IPv6 neighbor discovery and auto-configuration
• Current migration and coexistence strategies
• ICMPv6, DHCPv6, and DNSv6
• How to get started at home
464XLAT Tutorial, by Masataka Mawatari.
Presented at the APNIC 40 "Hypes? Fanfares? Fads? Wading through the muddy IPv6 puddle" session, Wed 9 Sep 2015.
May 13, 2013, Swiss IPv6 Council Member Event.
The Impact of IPv6 to Net Politics
CGN Killer IPv6
- Why CGN isn't a good concept for the future, but IPv6 is.
CommunicAsia 2017: IPv6 deployment architecture for IoTAPNIC
APNIC Training and Technical Assistance Manager Nurul Islam discusses the design options for IPv6 in a broadband access network and the impact that IoT will have on this in order to support future growth at CommunicAsia 2017.
Today's Internet faces severe challenges including:
* IPv4 address exhaustion
* explosion of BGP tables and IP routing tables
* exponential traffic growth (which might not be a problem after all)
Welcome to the APNIC Member Gathering, MongoliaAPNIC
Services Director George Kuo presents on IPv6 deployment in the region; IPv6 in broadband networks, getting more IPv4 address space; APNIC whois data quality, and routing security at a Member Gathering in Mongolia from 13 to 14 June 2017.
A10 Networks: IPv6 Solutions for Enterprise by Paul Nicholson at gogoNET LIVE...gogo6
gogo6 IPv6 Video Series. Event, presentation and speaker details below:
EVENT
gogoNET LIVE! 3: Enterprise wide Migration. http://gogonetlive.com
November 12 – 14, 2012 at San Jose State University, California
Agenda: http://gogonetlive.com/4105/gogonetlive3-agenda.asp
PRESENTATION
A10 Networks: IPv6 Solutions for Enterprise
Abstract: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Presentation video: http://www.gogo6.com/video/a10-networks-ipv6-solutions-for-enterprise-by-paul-nicholson-at
Interview video: http://www.gogo6.com/video/interview-with-paul-nicholson-at-gogonet-live-3-ipv6-conference
SPEAKER
Paul Nicholson - Director of Product Marketing, A10 Networks
Bio/Profile: http://www.gogo6.com/profile/PSV
MORE
Learn more about IPv6 on the gogoNET social network
http://www.gogo6.com
Get free IPv6 connectivity with Freenet6
http://www.gogo6.com/Freenet6
Subscribe to the gogo6 IPv6 Channel on YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=gogo6videos
Follow gogo6 on Twitter
http://twitter.com/gogo6inc
Like gogo6 on Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/pages/IPv6-products-community-and-services-gogo6/161626696777
IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), and was developed by IETF to overcome the inevitable exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. In order to simplify the transition towards IPv6, the protocol iterated very little on how IPv4 operates other than offering more address space. This inadvertently produced the exact opposite of the intended effect: with no compelling new features for anyone outside of network engineering, IPv6 deployment has been hampered for decades, as developers find increasingly creative ways of efficiently using IPv4 address space rather than bearing the cost of transition.
In this talk, Fastly Network Engineer João Taveira discusses these protocol design failures and instead explain how Fastly re-architected its infrastructure around IPv6. By addressing IPv6 in a clean-slate manner, Fastly avoided perpetuating many of the mistakes of IPv4, and the resulting network architecture has the potential to significantly affect the performance, resilience, and economics of content delivery.
IPv6 Success Stories– Network Operators Tell All!
Asela Galappattige (Sri Lanka Telecom); Senevi Herath (LEARN); Patrick Okui (Network Startup Resource Center); Matsuzaki Yoshinobu (IIJ)
In this session, we invite network operators to share their IPv6 success stories and lessons learned along the way that can help other managers of networks deploy IPv6. How did they do it? What technical, organizational, and political challenges did they face? Attendees will gain vital insight as network operators lay out the stages for IPv6 implementation—creating the business case for management buy-in, initiating a planning process, flipping the switch, and, finally, gathering measurements and proving success.
You may have hoped to retire before IPv6 became a reality, but unfortunately the IPv4 address exhaustion came too fast. For the rest of us, we’re going to bite off a small piece of the 15-year old IPv6 pie and talk about how to get started!
• Address format refresher
• IPv4 and IPv6 protocol comparison
• IPv6 neighbor discovery and auto-configuration
• Current migration and coexistence strategies
• ICMPv6, DHCPv6, and DNSv6
• How to get started at home
464XLAT Tutorial, by Masataka Mawatari.
Presented at the APNIC 40 "Hypes? Fanfares? Fads? Wading through the muddy IPv6 puddle" session, Wed 9 Sep 2015.
May 13, 2013, Swiss IPv6 Council Member Event.
The Impact of IPv6 to Net Politics
CGN Killer IPv6
- Why CGN isn't a good concept for the future, but IPv6 is.
CommunicAsia 2017: IPv6 deployment architecture for IoTAPNIC
APNIC Training and Technical Assistance Manager Nurul Islam discusses the design options for IPv6 in a broadband access network and the impact that IoT will have on this in order to support future growth at CommunicAsia 2017.
Today's Internet faces severe challenges including:
* IPv4 address exhaustion
* explosion of BGP tables and IP routing tables
* exponential traffic growth (which might not be a problem after all)
Welcome to the APNIC Member Gathering, MongoliaAPNIC
Services Director George Kuo presents on IPv6 deployment in the region; IPv6 in broadband networks, getting more IPv4 address space; APNIC whois data quality, and routing security at a Member Gathering in Mongolia from 13 to 14 June 2017.
A10 Networks: IPv6 Solutions for Enterprise by Paul Nicholson at gogoNET LIVE...gogo6
gogo6 IPv6 Video Series. Event, presentation and speaker details below:
EVENT
gogoNET LIVE! 3: Enterprise wide Migration. http://gogonetlive.com
November 12 – 14, 2012 at San Jose State University, California
Agenda: http://gogonetlive.com/4105/gogonetlive3-agenda.asp
PRESENTATION
A10 Networks: IPv6 Solutions for Enterprise
Abstract: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Presentation video: http://www.gogo6.com/video/a10-networks-ipv6-solutions-for-enterprise-by-paul-nicholson-at
Interview video: http://www.gogo6.com/video/interview-with-paul-nicholson-at-gogonet-live-3-ipv6-conference
SPEAKER
Paul Nicholson - Director of Product Marketing, A10 Networks
Bio/Profile: http://www.gogo6.com/profile/PSV
MORE
Learn more about IPv6 on the gogoNET social network
http://www.gogo6.com
Get free IPv6 connectivity with Freenet6
http://www.gogo6.com/Freenet6
Subscribe to the gogo6 IPv6 Channel on YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=gogo6videos
Follow gogo6 on Twitter
http://twitter.com/gogo6inc
Like gogo6 on Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/pages/IPv6-products-community-and-services-gogo6/161626696777
IP specifies the format of packets, also called #datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
If you want to purchase the content e-mail me on dulith1989@gmail.com
Deploying IPv6 in Cisco's Labs by Robert Beckett at gogoNET LIVE! 3 IPv6 Conf...gogo6
gogo6 IPv6 Video Series. Event, presentation and speaker details below:
EVENT
gogoNET LIVE! 3: Enterprise wide Migration. http://gogonetlive.com
November 12 – 14, 2012 at San Jose State University, California
Agenda: http://gogonetlive.com/4105/gogonetlive3-agenda.asp
PRESENTATION
Deploying IPv6 in Cisco's Labs
Presentation video: http://www.gogo6.com/video/deploying-ipv6-in-cisco-s-labs-by-robert-beckett-at-gogonet-live
Interview video: http://www.gogo6.com/video/interview-with-robert-beckett-at-gogonet-live-3-ipv6-conference
SPEAKER
Robert Beckett - Services Technical Leader, Cisco Systems
Bio/Profile: http://www.gogo6.com/profile/RobertBeckett
MORE
Learn more about IPv6 on the gogoNET social network
http://www.gogo6.com
Get free IPv6 connectivity with Freenet6
http://www.gogo6.com/Freenet6
Subscribe to the gogo6 IPv6 Channel on YouTube
http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=gogo6videos
Follow gogo6 on Twitter
http://twitter.com/gogo6inc
Like gogo6 on Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/pages/IPv6-products-community-and-services-gogo6/161626696777
Update on current state of 3G and IPv6 deployment .
"The State of 3G/GPRS IPv6 Deployment", North American IPv6 Technology Conference, September 20th, 2005.
With the exhaustion of global IPv4 addresses, all operators cannot apply to the IPv4 address pool of the public network. All countries have adopted IPv6 as the direction of the next-generation Internet, and China has also clearly accelerated the strategy of building IPv6-based next-generation Internet.
6. IPv6 Internetzugang für Privatkunden: Die Lösung von Swisscom - Martin GysiDigicomp Academy AG
Um ihren Kunden den Zugang zum IPv6 Internet zu ermöglichen, hat Swisscom den 6rd Mechanismus gewählt. Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick zur Funktionsweise von 6rd und über den geplanten Dienst.
DPDK Summit - 08 Sept 2014 - 6WIND - High Perf Networking Leveraging the DPDK...Jim St. Leger
Thomas Monjalon, 6WIND, presents on where/how to use DPDK, the DPDK ecosystem, and the DPDK.org community.
Thomas is the community maintainer of DPDK.org.
Many network operators still struggle with which type of data-plane encoding they should use for segment routing. The world is hyper-connected and we can’t afford to be late to deliver 5G. Using IPv4, IPv6 and MPLS data-plane encoding keeps us moving forward.
Analyst Perspective - Next Generation Storage Networking for Next Generation ...Dennis Martin
With 10GigE gaining popularity in data centers and storage technologies such as 16Gb Fibre Channel beginning to appear, it's time to rethink your storage and network infrastructures. Learn about futures for Ethernet such as 40GbE and 100GbE, 32Gb Fibre Channel and other storage networking technologies. We will also discuss cabling and connectors and which cables NOT to buy for your next datacenter build out.
Many network operators still struggle with which type of data-plane encoding they should use for segment routing. The world is hyper-connected and we can’t afford to be late to deliver 5G. Using IPv6, MPLS (or even IPv4) data-plane encoding keeps us moving forward.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...
IPv6 translation methods
1. Migrating from IPv4 to IPv6:
Translation Methods
Ahmad Hijazi
Lebanese Univerity, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
M2 - Systèmes de Télécommunications & Réseaux Informatiques
18 October 2016
Directed by Dr. Khaled Dasouki
1
2. What will be discussed?
• Native Dual Stack
• Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite)
• Nat64
• 6RD
2
3. Native Dual Stack - Introduction
Dual stack means that devices are able to run IPv4 and IPv6 in parallel. It allows hosts
to simultaneously reach IPv4 and IPv6 content, so it offers a very flexible coexistence
strategy.
3
4. Native Dual Stack - Introduction
• Deploying IPv6 services as native dual stack is the best case approach for
most operators and subscribers.
However, it is the most difficult.
• No special encapsulation or tunneling is required.
• Native IPv4 and IPv6 services are offered in parallel in the same subscriber session.
4
5. Native Dual Stack - Problems
• Deployment complexity levels vary in different environments.
- Some networks with minimal or no legacy equipment may find deploying native
dual stack services very easy.
- Other networks with older or legacy equipment may find dual stack is not
possible due to equipment constraints.
- Transition is made from the core to the edge.
• What’s the impact of running two parallel stacks on the network?
Twice the monitoring, reporting, etc…
5
6. Native Dual Stack – Domain Impact
DOMAIN IMPACT
ACCESS • Zero impact in PPPoE environments .
SUBSCRIBER
EDGE
• High impact – need to support IPv6 services.
• Scaling may be impacted when enabling IPv6 in BNG.
Equivalency of features in the subscriber edge node is required – IPv4 & IPv6 should feel the same.
HOME
NETWORK
• Still the most complex domain to manage.
• Customer Gateway most likely needs to be replaced.
• Home network components need to support IPv6.
• Internal addressing structure for the home network needs to be considered too.
6
7. Dual Stack Lite (DS-Lite) - Introduction
• IPv6 dual-stack lite (DS-Lite) is a technology that enables Internet service providers to
move to an IPv6 network while simultaneously handling IPv4 address depletion.
• DS-Lite allows service providers to migrate to an IPv6 access network without
changing end-user software. The device that accesses the Internet remains the
same, thus allowing IPv4 users to continue accessing IPv4 internet content with
minimum disruption to their home networks, while enabling IPv6 users to access IPv6
content.
7
8. DS-Lite - Components
The DS-Lite deployment model consists of the following components:
• Softwire initiator for the DS-Lite home router--Encapsulates the IPv4 packet and
transmits it across an IPv6 tunnel.
• Softwire concentrator for DS-Lite carrier-grade Network Address Translation (NAT)–
Decapsulates the IPv4-in-IPv6 packet and also performs IPv4-IPv4 NAT translations
using unique IPv6 transport address for NAT mapping (LSNAT).
8
9. DS-Lite - Topology
• B4 = Basic Bridging Broadband element (“Before”) - Home Router
• CPE = Customer Premise Equipment
• AFTR = Address Family Transition Router Element (“After”) - ISP to internet router
• LSN = Large Scale Nat 9
Softwire Initiator Softwire Concentrator
10. DS-Lite Scenario 1: Existing IPv4 Customer
• DS-lite tunnels Ipv4 packets over Ipv6 from the CPE to LSN
10
IPv4 Internet
LSN
CPE
Service Provider
10.1.1.1
IPv6 Tunnel Endpoint
IPv6 Link
Address Mapping
Inside: IPv4 SA + IPv6 SA + Port
Outside: IPv4 Outside Address + Port
Outside Address
201.15.12.1
11. DS-Lite Scenario 2: Dual IP Customer
• IPv6 packets are routed normally while IPv4 packets are routed to the LSN
11
IPv4 Internet
LSN
Service Provider
10.1.1.1
IPv6 Link
IPv6 Internet
Home Gateway
2001:db8:1:2::abcd:1234
12. DS-Lite – Domain Impact
DOMAIN IMPACT
ACCESS
• Access network becomes single stack IPv6 only.
All upgrades that a native dual-stack scenario requires are also required for DS-Lite.
• All CPE attaching to the network must support DS-Lite and IPv6 attachment.
SUBSCRIBER
EDGE
• AFTR node(s) are needed in the network.
• May be collocated in the BNG or a dedicated element.
• LSNAT and support infrastructure is required.
• BNG must support all requisites for implementing IPv6 subscriber management.
• Older equipment that does not support IPv6 will need to be replaces.
HOME
NETWORK
• Still the most complex domain to manage.
• Customer Gateway (DSL modem/router, cable modem, etc) most likely needs to be replaced,
must support IPv6-only WAN, IPv4 NAT at the customer gateway is removed.
• Internal addressing structure for the home network needs to be considered too. 12
13. Nat64 - Introduction
• Addresses operators who want IPv6-only access networks, but providing support for
IPv4-only servers or content.
• Minimal set of applications.
• Does not support IPv4-only hosts attaching to the network.
• CPE/UE connects to hosts through a synthesized IPv6 address, provided by a DNS64
engine.
• Well known prefix 64:ff9b::/96 is used to map IPv4 server addresses.
• Any client that cannot use a DNS64 server or provide local DNS64 resolution will not be able to
connect to the IPv4 server, e.g. no more connecting by IP address.
13
14. Nat64 - Introduction
• Significant impact in the CPE domain as the CPE must be upgraded to support IPv6 WAN and
all associated connectivity (management, VoIP, IPTV, etc), however NAT function is removed
from CPE which potentially reduces cost (CPU/memory) in maintaining NAT state in the CPE.
• NAT64 provides an interesting and easy approach to an IPv6-only network by simply turning
IPv4 off in the future when it is no longer required.
• NAT64 typically assumes an IPoE deployment but could be used in the PPP case as well.
• Debate over SLAAC vs. DHCPv6 in the access attachment continues, however general
recommendation and approach is DHCPv6 based to align with DHCPv4 model in existing
networks.
14
15. DNS64 In Action
15
Q: AAAA for example.com
Q: AAAA for example.com
R: Name Error
Q: A for example.com
R: example.com (A) = 192.0.2.23
DNS translation for WKP
R: example.com (AAAA) =
64:FF9B::192.0.2.23
Well-Known Prefix
DNS64 –NAT64
Nat64 Prefix: 64:FF9B::
16. NAT64 In Action
16
TCP SYN S=C-v6
D=64:FF9B::192.0.2.23
TCP SYN S=NP-v4 D=S-v4
TCP ACK S=S-v4 D=NP-v4
Translation NP-v4 + port into C-v6
TCP Ack S=WKP-v6 D=C-v6
Translation WKP-v6 into IPv4, pick
free IPv4 addr/port from pool, build
NAT session entry
17. NAT64 – Domain Impact
DOMAIN IMPACT
ACCESS
• Access network becomes single stack IPv6 only.
All upgrades that a native dual-stack scenario requires are also required for NAT64.
• All devices attaching to the network must support IPv6, including in-home.
SUBSCRIBER
EDGE
• NAT64 is needed in the network.
• May be collocated in the BNG or a dedicated element.
• DNS64 node must also be deployed.
• BNG must support all requisites for implementing IPv6 subscriber management.
HOME
NETWORK
• Customer Gateway (DSL modem/router, cable modem, etc) most likely needs to be replaced,
must support IPv6-only WAN.
• IPv4 NAT at the customer gateway is removed, and direct IPv4 support may be removed.
• Home network components must support IPv6.
• Internal addressing structure for the home network needs to be considered too. 17
18. 6 Rapid Deployment (6RD) - Intro
• 6rd is a stateless tunneling mechanism which allows a Service Provider to rapidly
deploy IPv6 in a lightweight and secure manner without requiring upgrades to
existing IPv4 access network infrastructure.
• 6rd specifically targets the case where operators wish to immediately deploy IPv6 to
their subscriber base, but cannot enable it in the native access. As 6rd encapsulates
IPv6 in IPv4, it can be deployed across any existing IPv4 network.
• Access network and subscriber management edge face no changes.
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19. 6RD - Components
6rd consists of two main hardware components, the CE (Customer Equipment) router and
the BR (Border Relay) router:
• Customer Edge Router
The CE router sits at the edge of the service provider IPv4 access infrastructure and provides IPv6 connectivity
to this end user's network. The native IPv6 traffic coming from the end user hosts is encapsulated in IPv4 by
the CE router and tunneled to the BR router or directly to other CE routers in the same 6rd domain. Conversely,
encapsulated 6rd traffic received from the Internet through the BR router and 6rd traffic from other CE routers
will be de-capsulated and forwarded to the end-user nodes.
• Border Relay Router
The BR router provides connectivity between the CE routers and the IPv6 network (public or private Internet).
Both the CE and BR routers are dual-stack devices, and the devices between the BR and CE routers can be IPv4
only.
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20. 6RD - Topology
20
• The 6rd CE LAN-side interface
carries traffic to and from IPv6 hosts.
• The multipoint tunnel interface
carries tunnel encapsulated traffic to
and from IPv6 hosts.
• The encapsulation used for the 6rd
tunnel is a direct IPv6-in-IPv4
encapsulation.
• Device-to-device traffic may be
routed directly, and not through the
BR when staying within a 6rd
domain.
21. 6RD – Domain Impact
DOMAIN IMPACT
ACCESS • No impact for 6rd – access network remains exactly the same.
SUBSCRIBER
EDGE
• Border relay (BR) is needed in the network
May be collocated in the BNG or a dedicated element.
• No change to the subscriber management at the BNG.
HOME
NETWORK
• Customer Gateway (DSL modem/router, cable modem, etc) most likely needs to be replaced,
or upgraded – must support 6RD.
• IPv4 NAT at the customer gateway is still present.
• Home network components need to support IPv6 for native services.
21
22. Methods of Transition
22
Home Device Access Network Destination Solutions
IPv4 IPv4 IPv4 Internet
Dual Stack
IPv6 IPv6 IPv6 Internet
IPv4/6 IPv6 IPv4 Internet DS-Lite
IPv6 IPv6 IPv4 Internet NAT64 Stateful
IPv4/6 IPv4 IPv4/6 Internet 6RD
23. Summaries and Comparison
23
Native Dual Stack DS-Lite NAT64 6RD
CPE Almost always CPE change
CPE change and support for
DSLite
CPE change
(IPv6 only)
CPE change
End-user Impact OK – not much changes OK – not much changes
NOK – any IPv4-only devices
are impacted. No non-DNS64
support.
OK – not much changes
Pros
‘Simple’ technology with no
transition or tunneling
involved.
Single address family in the
access network
Single address family in the
access network
• Single address family in
the access network
• Quick to deploy
Cons
• Cost of supporting dual-
stack networks
• Device support
• Deployment time
• All the effort of deploying
dual-stack
• Extra DS-Lite AFTR
needed
• Device support
• Application brokeness
with IPv4-literals
• NAT logging required
• Will only work for IPv6-
supporting hosts.
• Device support
• Not necessarily a ‘long
term’ solution
Most Suitable For
Deployment everywhere!
Best long term option that
gives the widest support for
both
address families
Wireline, Wireless
New build environments
where both removing IPv4
from and deploying IPv6-only
access is feasible.
Wireline
New build environments
where IPv6-only access is
acceptable and the majority
of content will work through
NAT64/DNS64
Wireless environments
Legacy environments that
cannot support native IPv6
access, and are willing to
trade-off multi-stage
migrations over the long term
Wireline environments
In the network shown in Figure 2, the CE routers provide a range of prefixes to their sites. These prefixes are called 6rd delegated prefixes and are similar to IPv6 Domain Host Configuration Protocol Version 6 (DHCPv6) PD prefixes. A 6rd delegated prefix consists of the following elements:
• An IPv6 prefix selected by the service provider to be the common 6rd service provider prefix for the given 6rd deployment
• An assigned IPv4 address for the CE router; this address can be global or private, and 6rd does not have to use all 32 bits of the IPv4 address (as explained later in this document)