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A 22-year-old woman has new symptoms including pain when urinating and a mild fever two days after having sex with her new boyfriend two weeks ago. She should go to a clinic to get tested and treated for a potential sexually transmitted disease (STD) by a doctor, as her symptoms could indicate an infection like chlamydia or gonorrhea. It is common for STDs to show no symptoms, so testing and treatment by a medical professional is important to prevent further spread and long term health issues.
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IU Health Center Services
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CAPS therapy sessions: 2 free semester
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“This is a hidden and silent epidemic. Normally an epidemic of this proportion would have attracted more attention.”
1996, Chancellor of Baylor College of Medicine
Refers to the 12 million new STI cases/year in
1996; now estimated to be 15 million/year (increase due to higher numbers and better testing)
http://www.medicinenet.com/stds_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
3
INTRODUCTION
Hidden – 2 meanings
1. taboo subject of sex; not talked about publicly in a serious way
2. most Americans not aware of this epidemic
Silent – 3 meanings
1. some STIs have no symptoms
2. lack of communication between individuals and their health care providers
3. lack of communication between sexual partners
4
STI vs. STD
STI
Someone who is an infected person
ASYMPTOMATIC may not have any symptoms,
Could be unaware that they are even sick.
STD
A disease is any abnormal condition
of the body or mind with some type of symptom,
in other words your body tells you that you are unwell.
5
BACTERIA VIRUS
Living organism
May be stopped with appropriate antibiotic
Mild Severe
Not “alive;” lives on host
No known cures
Controlled by vaccine
Mild Severe
IMPACT ON WOMEN
Lack of symptoms; more difficult to diagnose until serious problems develop
150,000 (estimate) women become infertile each year due to PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)as a result of an STI
15-30% (estimate) of the 2.3 million US couples who are infertile may by result of an STI
7
RISK FACTORS
Most STIs more easily transmitted to women than to men
Co-factor: infected with an STI makes one more likely to contract another STI, including HIV, after unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner
Multiple sex partners increase risk of exposure over one’s lifetime
8
Viral
Viral:
Herpes
HPV
HIV
Hepatitis B
9
HERPES GENITALIS
Caused by: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV);
Type 1: 50-80% exposure rate; prefers facial area;
Type 2: 20% exposure rate; prefers genital areas;
Once in body, migrates to a nerve cluster (ganglia) and goes dormant; evades detection from body’s immune system; probably not contagious at this time.
May stay dormant forever or may migrate back to its first entry point on skin (active phase); it infects healthy cells, making new viruses. The immune system attacks and destroys infected cells; this “battle” is a herpes “outbreak.”
10
Herpes - symptoms
Incubation period: 1-12 days after sex with an infected person; may not appear for months or years
Duration: may last 12 days; flu-like symptoms; avera.
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- 1. Sexually Transmitted Disease Richard Saint Cyr MD DABFP UN Medical Advisor [email_address] August 2, 2009