This document provides an overview of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including their causes, symptoms, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Some key points:
- STDs are passed through sexual contact or other bodily fluids and sometimes from mother to child. Many show no symptoms but can cause complications if left untreated.
- Symptoms vary by infection but may include sores, discharge, pain, rashes, or bleeding. Regular screening is recommended for those with multiple partners or in high risk groups.
- Common bacterial and viral STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, HIV, and HPV. Screening includes blood/urine tests and fluid samples.
-
STD is an abbreviated form of Sexually transmitted diseases. The meaning of STD disease is that the disease is imparted to others through sexual contact. Apart from sexual transmission, sexually transmitted diseases are also transferred to other persons in various ways. These are- breastfeeding, sharing of infected needles, etc. There are many diseases under the class of STD, and these can be cured by maintaining proper sexual health and hygiene. The mass awareness of sexually transmitted diseases is necessary for preventing them. Social media, newspapers and journals, television broadcasting, internet sources, and medical campaigning are the ways through which the transmission, symptoms, prevention, and prospective cure of STDs are conveyed to the common people. Examples of sexually transmitted diseases are- AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc.
STD is an abbreviated form of Sexually transmitted diseases. The meaning of STD disease is that the disease is imparted to others through sexual contact. Apart from sexual transmission, sexually transmitted diseases are also transferred to other persons in various ways. These are- breastfeeding, sharing of infected needles, etc. There are many diseases under the class of STD, and these can be cured by maintaining proper sexual health and hygiene. The mass awareness of sexually transmitted diseases is necessary for preventing them. Social media, newspapers and journals, television broadcasting, internet sources, and medical campaigning are the ways through which the transmission, symptoms, prevention, and prospective cure of STDs are conveyed to the common people. Examples of sexually transmitted diseases are- AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc.
STI information with content knowledge of what is important relating to protecting oneself. This is targeted for 16yer old students as teaching support and may contain some graphic pictures.
Download the Power Point for FREE: http://q.gs/Ea2Gx or https://clk.sh/H7Ef
IEC for STIs
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is an infection you can get by having sex. Some STIs (such as gonorrhea and chlamydia) infect your sexual and reproductive organs. Others (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis) cause general body infections. STIs used to be called VDs, or venereal diseases. (http://www.pamf.org/teen/sex/std/)
STI information with content knowledge of what is important relating to protecting oneself. This is targeted for 16yer old students as teaching support and may contain some graphic pictures.
Download the Power Point for FREE: http://q.gs/Ea2Gx or https://clk.sh/H7Ef
IEC for STIs
A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is an infection you can get by having sex. Some STIs (such as gonorrhea and chlamydia) infect your sexual and reproductive organs. Others (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis) cause general body infections. STIs used to be called VDs, or venereal diseases. (http://www.pamf.org/teen/sex/std/)
Global Medical Cures™ | Womens health - Sexually Transmitted InfectionsGlobal Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Womens health - Sexually Transmitted Infections
Lowering risk of sexually transmitted infections, symptoms to look out for, understanding treatment, and dealing with diagnosis.
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
A presentation looking at the myths and facts of sexually transmitted infection given at the Wirral Community NHS Trust Infection Prevention & Control study day 2014
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. OVERVIEW
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or
sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are
generally acquired by sexual contact. The
organisms that cause sexually transmitted
diseases may pass from person to person in
blood, semen, or vaginal and other bodily fluids.
Sometimes these infections can be transmitted
nonsexually, such as from mother to infant
during pregnancy or childbirth, or through
blood transfusions or shared needles.
3. OVERVIEW
It's possible to contract sexually
transmitted diseases from people who
seem perfectly healthy, and who may
not even be aware of the infection. STDs
don't always cause symptoms, which is
one of the reasons experts prefer the
term "sexually transmitted infections"
to "sexually transmitted diseases."
4. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
can have a range of signs and
symptoms, including no symptoms.
That's why they may go unnoticed until
complications occur or a partner is
diagnosed
5. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms may appear a few
days after exposure, or it may take years
before you have any noticeable
problems, depending on the organism
6. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
Sores or bumps
on the genitals or
in the oral or
rectal area
23. RISK FACTORS
Having unprotected sex. Vaginal or anal
penetration by an infected partner who isn't wearing
a latex condom significantly increases the risk of
getting an STI. Improper or inconsistent use of
condoms can also increase your risk.
Oral sex may be less risky, but infections can still be
transmitted without a latex condom or dental dam.
Dental dams — thin, square pieces of rubber made
with latex or silicone — prevent skin-to-skin
contact.
24. RISK FACTORS
Having sexual contact with multiple
partners. The more people you have sexual
contact with, the greater your risk. This is true
for concurrent partners as well as
monogamous consecutive relationships.
25. RISK FACTORS
Having a history of STIs. Having one STI
makes it much easier for another STI to take
hold.
26. RISK FACTORS
Anyone forced to have sexual
intercourse or sexual activity. Dealing
with rape or assault can be difficult, but
it's important to be seen as soon as
possible. Screening, treatment and
emotional support can be offered.
27. RISK FACTORS
Abusing alcohol or using recreational
drugs. Substance abuse can inhibit your
judgment, making you more willing to
participate in risky behaviors
28. RISK FACTORS
Injecting drugs. Needle sharing spreads
many serious infections, including HIV,
hepatitis B and hepatitis C
29. RISK FACTORS
Being young. Half of STIs occur in
people between the ages of 15 and 24.
30. RISK FACTORS
Men who request prescriptions for
drugs to treat erectile dysfunction. Men
who ask their doctors for prescriptions
for certain drugs — such as sildenafil
(Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis) and
vardenafil (Levitra) — have higher rates
of STIs. Be sure you are up to date on
safe sex practices if you ask your doctor
for one of these medications.
32. COMPLICATIONS
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Infertility
Heart disease
Certain cancers, such as
HPV-associated cervical and
rectal cancers
33. DIAGNOSIS
Blood tests. Blood tests can confirm the
diagnosis of HIV or later stages of
syphilis.
Urine samples. Some STIs can be
confirmed with a urine sample
34. DIAGNOSIS
Fluid samples. If you have active genital
sores, testing fluid and samples from
the sores may be done to diagnose the
type of infection. Laboratory tests of
material from a genital sore or
discharge are used to diagnose some
STIs.
35. SCREENING
Testing for a disease in someone who
doesn't have symptoms is called
screening. Most of the time, STI
screening is not a routine part of health
care, but there are exceptions.
36. SCREENING
Everyone born between 1945 and 1965.
There's a high incidence of hepatitis C in
people born between 1945 and 1965.
Since the disease often causes no
symptoms until it's advanced, experts
recommend that everyone in that age
group be screened for hepatitis C.
37. SCREENING
Pregnant women. Screening for HIV,
hepatitis B, chlamydia and syphilis
generally takes place at the first
prenatal visit for all pregnant women.
Gonorrhea and hepatitis C screening
tests are recommended at least once
during pregnancy for women at high
risk of these infections.
38. SCREENING
Women age 21 and older. The Pap test
screens for cervical abnormalities,
including inflammation, precancerous
changes and cancer, which is often
caused by certain strains of human
papillomavirus (HPV).
39. SCREENING
Women under age 25 who are
sexually active. All sexually active
women under age 25 should be
tested for chlamydia infection.
40. SCREENING
Men who have sex with men. Compared
with other groups, men who have sex
with men run a higher risk of acquiring
STIs. Many public health groups
recommend annual or more frequent
STI screening for these men
41. SCREENING
People with HIV. If you have HIV, it
dramatically raises your risk of catching
other STIs. Experts recommend
immediate testing for syphilis,
gonorrhea, chlamydia and herpes after
being diagnosed with HIV. People with
HIV should also be screened for
hepatitis C
42. SCREENING
People who have a new partner. Before
having vaginal or anal intercourse with
new partners, be sure you've both been
tested for STIs. Keep in mind that
human papillomavirus (HPV) screening
isn't available for men.
43. TREATMENT
Antibiotics. Antibiotics, often in a single
dose, can cure many sexually
transmitted bacterial and parasitic
infections, including gonorrhea,
syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis.
Typically, you'll be treated for
gonorrhea and chlamydia at the same
time because the two infections often
appear together
44. TREATMENT
Antiviral drugs. You'll have fewer herpes
recurrences if you take daily suppressive
therapy with a prescription antiviral drug.
Antiviral drugs lessen the risk of infection,
but it's still possible to give your partner
herpes.
Antiviral drugs can keep HIV infection in
check for many years. But the virus persists
and can still be transmitted, though the risk
is lower.
46. PREVENTION
Stay with one uninfected partner.
Another reliable way of avoiding STIs is
to stay in a long-term mutually
monogamous relationship with a
partner who isn't infected.
47. PREVENTION
Wait and verify. Avoid vaginal and anal
intercourse with new partners until you
have both been tested for STIs. Oral sex
is less risky, but use a latex condom or
dental dam — a thin, square piece of
rubber made with latex or silicone — to
prevent direct contact between the oral
and genital mucous membranes
48. PREVENTION
Get vaccinated. Getting vaccinated
early, before sexual exposure, is also
effective in preventing certain types of
STIs. Vaccines are available to prevent
human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis
A and hepatitis B
49. PREVENTION
Use condoms and dental dams
consistently and correctly. Use a new
latex condom or dental dam for each sex
act, whether oral, vaginal or anal. Never
use an oil-based lubricant, such as
petroleum jelly, with a latex condom or
dental dam.
50. PREVENTION
Don't drink alcohol excessively or use
drugs. If you're under the influence,
you're more likely to take sexual risks
51. PREVENTION
Communicate. Before any serious
sexual contact, communicate with your
partner about practicing safer sex.
Reach an explicit agreement about what
activities will and won't be OK
52. PREVENTION
Consider male circumcision. There's
evidence that male circumcision can
help reduce a man's risk of acquiring
HIV from an infected woman
(heterosexual transmission) by as much
as 60 percent. Male circumcision may
also help prevent transmission of
genital HPV and genital herpes
53. PREVENTION
Consider the drug Truvada. The Food
and Drug Administration approved the
use of the combination drug
emtricitabine-tenofovir (Truvada) to
reduce the risk of sexually transmitted
HIV infection in those who are at high
risk. Truvada is also used as an HIV
treatment along with other medications
54. COPING & SUPPORTCOPING & SUPPORT
t's traumatic to find out you have an STI. You
might be angry if you feel you've been betrayed
or ashamed if there's a chance you infected
others. At worst, an STI can cause chronic
illness and death, even with the best care in the
world.
Between those extremes is a host of other
potential losses — trust between partners, plans
to have children, and the joyful embrace of your
sexuality and its expression.
55. COPING & SUPPORTCOPING & SUPPORT
Put blame on hold. Don't jump to the
conclusion that your partner has been
unfaithful to you. One (or both) of you
may have been infected by a past
partner.
56. COPING & SUPPORTCOPING & SUPPORT
Be candid with health care workers.
Their job is not to judge you, but to stop
STIs from spreading. Anything you tell
them remains confidential.
57. COPING & SUPPORTCOPING & SUPPORT
Contact your health department.
Although they may not have the staff
and funds to offer comprehensive
services, local health departments
maintain STI programs that provide
confidential testing, treatment and
partner services.