The document discusses the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. It describes how the skeleton and muscles work together through joints to enable movement. The skeletal system includes bones and cartilage, while the muscular system contains muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The nervous system coordinates internal organs and voluntary movement through the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system transmits signals through nerves.

3. The musculoskeletal system
skeleton Muscular system
Consists of
Both system work together to make the
body move.
The skeleton consists of all the bones
in the body.
The skeleton:
-It supports the body
- It enables the movement
-It protects delicate organs such as
heart, lungs and brain.
The muscular system consists of al
the muscles in the body.
The muscular system:
-Enables the body to move
-Gives the body its shape
-Protects the organs such as
the liver

4. • Fixed joints, such us the
skull.
• Movable joints, such us
knee or elbow.
• Gliding joints, such us
between vertebrae.
skull
elbow hip
vertebrae

5. Femur
Tibia
Cartilage
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Ligament
The ends of the bones are
covered with flexible tissue
called cartilage.
The bones of a joint are connected
by strong elastic tissues called
ligaments.
Cartilage

6. Write the words of each sentence in the correct order to make sense:
1.body/ supports/ the/ the/ skeleton
2. meet/ places/ bones/ two/ joints/ where/ are/ the
3. ends/ the/ of/ cartilage/ covers/ bones/ the
4. flexible/ cartilage/ tissue/ is
5. elastic/ strong/ ligaments/ are/ tissue

8. Muscles can change in length:
- When they contract, they become shorter and thicker.
- When they relax, they return to their original length and
thickness.
Muscle contraction
tendon tendon
Relaxed muscle
Contracted muscle

9. Tissues called tendons connect muscles to bones.
Body movement occurs at movable joints.
Two muscles are used in each movement. These muscles are called
antagonistic because the perform opposite actions. When one muscle
contracts, the other relaxes.
Arms bend at the elbow with a flexing movement. They straighten with an
extending movement.
Flexing movement Extending movement
The biceps
contracts
The triceps
relaxes
The arm bends
The biceps
relaxes
The triceps
contracts
The arm straightens

10. Decide if the following sentences are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
•When muscles contract, they become longer T / F
•When muscles relax, they return to their original length and thickness T / F
•Tendons connect the bones of a joint T / F
•Antagonistic muscles perform the same actions T / F
•Arms bend at the elbow with a flexing movement T / F

12. The nervous system sends and receives information.
It coordinates the functions of internal organs. And
it also coordinates systems like the digestive
system.
The central nervous system consists of
Brain
Spinal cord
This system receives information,
interprets it and decide on a response.
The peripherial nervous system consists on
nerves. It transmits information from the sense
organs to the central nervous system and from the
central nervous system to other organs.

13. The brain has got three
parts:The
cerebrum
controls
voluntary
movements
The cerebellum
coordinates
movements and
maintains balances.The brain stem
regulates internal
organs.
The spinal cord controls reflex movements
The
central
nervous
system These are involuntary movements in
response to external stimuli.
These
are the
result of
decisions

14. Neurons are the principal cells of the nervous system. They
receive and transmit information. They are grouped together to
form nerves.

15. Read the following definitions and write the corresponding words:
1.This part of the brain controls voluntary movements.
2.This part of the brain coordinates movements and maintains the balance.
3.This part of the brain regulates internal organs.
4.These are the principal celss of the nervousn system.
5.These are involuntary movements in response to external stimuli.
CEREBELLUM REFLEX MOVEMENTS BRAIN STEM
NEURONS CEREBRUM

17. controls
Body´s
Internal
process
Involuntary
muscles
To control and
coornidate
Such us
Such us
Beating of
the heart
Digestion of
the food
Endocrine
system

18. Involuntary muscles
They work automatically. We cannot control them with our decisions.
The body needs involuntary muscles in order to function correctly.

19. The endocrine system
Responsible for
Functions such as
GROWTH REPRODUCTION
Endoncrine
Glands
Consists of
They secrete substances called
hormones into the bloodstream
Thyroid gland
Enables the
body to
absorb
nutrients
Pancreas
Controls the
amount of
sugar in the
bloodstream
Ovaries and
testes
Responsible
for
reproduction
Pituitary glands
Coordinates
endocrine glands
and also produces
growth hormone.

20. Project: measuring your own temperature
Human body temperatures vary due to an individual´s metabolism, the time of the day and
the part of the body where we measure. Normal body temperatures range betwee 36,6º and
37.3º
- When you have a very high temperature, what does it mean?
Data
Time 2011.10.24
8:00 36,2º
22:00 37º