The document provides an overview of the human body systems and major organs, with a focus on their functions and interactions. It highlights 11 interconnected organ systems, including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, digestive, urinary, respiratory, cardiovascular, lymphoid, nervous, endocrine, and reproductive systems, along with their major organs. Additionally, the document discusses homeostasis and includes exercises for understanding the anatomy and physiology of the human body.

1. HUMAN BODY
SYSTEMS
& MAJOR ORGANS
Introduction to the Human Body
PREPARED BY: KRISTY A BENNETT.
SOME RIGHTS RESERVED.
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Role as Trainer
 Materials
 Handouts
 Always ask approach
 Confused
 Meaning of words / terminology
 How it relates
 Outcomes
 Identify organ systems
 Name a major organ from each
PREPARED BY: KRISTY A BENNETT.
S O ME R I G H T S R E S E R V E D .
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

3. ORGAN SYSTEMS OVERVIEW
 Levels of organisation  Organ system level
 Atoms  Group of organs that have close
 Molecules
interactions.
 Interact with other systems also.
 Cells
 Tissue
 Organ  Something that affects a
 Organ System system will ultimately affect
 Organism
each of the systems
components.
 There are 11 interdependent,
interconnected organ
systems.
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

4. HOMEOSTASIS
 Homeo – unchanging
 Statis – standing
 “The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant
internal environment within a dynamic state of equilibrium.”
 Internal conditions change/vary (oscilate) within narrow limits.
 Two mechanisms
 Autoregulation – when a tissue, organ or organ system responds
automatically
 Extrinsic regulation – when response results from the action of one of the two
organ systems that control or adjust the function of many other systems
simultaneously
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

5. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Functions
 Skin  Protects against environmental
 Hair
hazards
 Helps regulate body
 Sweat glands
temperature
 Nails
 Provides sensory information
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

6. SKELETAL SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Bones  Provides support and protection
 Cartilages
for other tissues
 Stores calcium and other
 Associated ligaments
minerals
 Bone marrow
 Forms blood cells
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

7. MUSCULAR SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Skeletal muscles  Provides movement
 Associated tendons  Provides protection and support
for other tissues
 Generates heat that maintains
body temperature
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

8. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Teeth  Processes and digests food
 Tongue  Absorbs and conserves water
 Pharynx  Absorbs nutrients (ions, water,
 Esophagus
and the breakdown products of
dietary sugars, protiens and
 Stomach fats)
 Small instestine  Stores energy reserves
 Large intestine
 Liver
 Gall bladder
 Pancreas
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

9. URINARY SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Kidneys  Excretes waste products from
 Ureters
the blood
 Controls water balance by
 Urinary bladder
regulating volume of urine
 Urethra producted
 Stores urine prior to voluntary
elimination
 Regulates blood ion
concentrations and pH
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

10. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Nasal cavities  Delivers air to alveoli (sites in
 Sinuses
lungs where gas exchange
occurs)
 Larynx
 Provides oxygen to blood
 Trachea stream
 Bronchi  Removes carbon dioxide from
 Lungs blood stream
 Alveoli  Produces sounds for
communication
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

11. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Heart  Distributes blood cells, water
 Blood
and dissolved materials
including nutrients, waste
 Blood vessels products, oxygen, and carbon
 Arteries dioxide
 Veins  Distributes heat and assists in
 capillaries control of body temperature
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

12. LYMPHOID SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Spleen  Defends against infection and
 Thymus
disease
 Returns tissue fluids to the
 Lymphatic vessels
blood stream
 Lymph nodes
 Tonsils
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

13. NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Brain  Directs immediate responses to
 Spinal cord
stimuli
 Coordinates or moderates
 Peripheral nerves
activities of other organ systems
 Sense organs
 Provides and interprets sensory
information about external
conditions
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

14. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
 Major Organs  Function
 Pituitary gland  Directs long term changes in the
 Thyroid gland
activities of other organ systems
 Adjusts metabolic activity and
 Pancreas
energy use by the body
 Suprarenal glands
 Controls many structural and
 Gonads (testes and ovaries) functional changes during
 Endocrine tissue in other development
systems
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

15. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - MALE
 Major Organs  Function
 Testes  Produces male sex cells
 Epididymis
(sperm), suspending fluids and
hormones
 Ductus deferens
 Sexual intercourse
 Seminal vesicles
 Prostate gland
 Penis
 Scrotum
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

16. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM -
FEMALE
 Major Organs  Function
 Ovaries  Produces female sex cells
 Uterine tubes
(oocytes) and hormones
 Supports developing embryo
 Uterus
from conception to delivery
 Vagina
 Provides milk to nourish
 Labia newborn infant
 Clitoris  Sexual intercourse
 Mammary glands
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

17. TEAM BASED EXERCISE
 How well do you know the human body?
 Where would someone complain of pain if they:
 ruptured their kidney,
 had an inflamed appendix, or
 bronchitis?
 See how you go!
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

18. TEAM BASED EXERCISE
 Lungs  Thoracic Spine (12)
 3 lobe and 2 lobe  Lumbar Spine (7)
 Heart  Large Intestine
 Diaphragm  Ascending, transverse,
descending and sigmoid
 Kidneys
 Stomach
 Liver
 Appendix
 Pancreas
 Bronchus
 Trachea
 Aorta
 Vena Cava
 Bladder
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

19. EXERCISE REVIEW
 How did you go?
 Were they in the correct location?
 How would you describe each location in hand over?
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.

20. QUESTIONS?
 Any questions for me?
 Questions for you
 What is the holistic purpose of organ systems?
 What is homeostasis?
 What are the organ systems and what is one major organ of each?
 Feedback
 One thing you have learnt tonight is…
 Something you enjoyed is…
 General sense of the evening was…
R E S O U R C E D F R O M: MA R T I N I F . H . , N A T H ,
J . L . , 2 0 0 9 , F U N D A ME N T A L S O F A N A T O M Y
AND PHYSIOLOGY, 8TH EDN, PEARSON
EDUCATION INC, SAN FRANCISCO CA.