The document introduces a 5-step problem solving model to address life challenges: 1) Clearly define the problem, 2) Brainstorm solutions, 3) Choose the best solution, 4) Implement and evaluate the solution, 5) Reevaluate if needed. It provides an example of using the model to determine whether to go to a concert or work when scheduled. The homework is to apply the model to a personal problem by documenting each step.
Discover the 5 simple steps to solve any problem successfully. The 5 steps help prevent stress from developing and escalating to become successful in your life.
One should not take any decision when in pressure one should always be cool and calm and think about all the pros and corns of the problem and then come up to a logical solution.
Discover the 5 simple steps to solve any problem successfully. The 5 steps help prevent stress from developing and escalating to become successful in your life.
One should not take any decision when in pressure one should always be cool and calm and think about all the pros and corns of the problem and then come up to a logical solution.
What is problem and solving process: Define the problem, Problem analysis, Generating possible solutions, analyse the solutions and selecting the best, plan of action.
Brainstorming, Convergent and Divergent Thinking.
This presentation was made by me for providing training to the employees of Unique Contracting Co. LLC on "Problem Solving Skills". Unique is a construction company based in Muscat, Oman. It is owned and managed by the Limbani Family of Gujarat (Republic of India).
Top of FormBottom of FormStrategies for Decision MakingPro.docxedwardmarivel
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Strategies for Decision Making
Problem Solving and Decision Making
Components of a problem
· Givens: pieces of information that are provided when the problem is presented
· Goal: The desired end state – what a problem solution will hopefully accomplish
· Operations: Actions that can be performed to approach or reach the goal
Steps in Problem-Solving Process
What is Groupthink?
Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that may cause a failure of a group’s performance. This is a trap that any previously successful group may get in.
The "groupthink" term was proposed by social psychologist Irving Janis (1972). It occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of “mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment” (p. 9). The alternatives are ignored and irrational actions dehumanize other groups. A group is especially vulnerable to groupthink when its members are similar in background, when the group is insulated from outside opinions, and when there are no clear rules for decision making.
Janis, Irving L. (1972). Victims of Groupthink. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Janis, Irving L. (1982). Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Second Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Symptoms of Groupthink
There are eight symptoms of groupthink:
· Illusion of invulnerability –Creates excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks.
· Collective rationalization – Members discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions.
· Belief in inherent morality – Members believe in the rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions.
· Stereotyped views of out-groups – Negative views of the “enemy” make effective responses to conflict seem unnecessary.
· Direct pressure on dissenters – Members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group’s views.
· Self-censorship – Doubts and deviations from the perceived group consensus are not expressed.
· Illusion of unanimity – The majority view and judgments are assumed to be unanimous.
· Self-appointed ‘mindguards’ – Members protect the group and the leader from information that is problematic or contradictory to the group’s cohesiveness, view, and/or decisions.
Remedies for Groupthink
Decision experts have determined that groupthink may be prevented by adopting some of the following measures:
1. The leader should assign the role of critical evaluator to each member
2. The leader should avoid stating preferences and expectations at the outset
3. Each member of the group should routinely discuss the group's deliberations with a trusted associate and report back to the group on the associate's reactions
4. One or more experts should be invited to each meeting on a staggered basis. The outside experts should be encouraged to challenge views of the members.
5. At least one articulate and knowledgeable member should be given the role of devi ...
A small presentation about a topic in Business Studies.
The topic is Creative Thinking and Problem solving. It is a quick presentation to just highlight the important factors of the topic.
Nthabiseng Masehle
@Jeanet Covane
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Unit2 problem solving
1. Unit 2: Problem Solving
It is impossible to avoid problems in life, but by
developing the skills necessary to solve these problems
you can face any challenge. In this unit you will be
introduced to the problem solving model and the
process by which to address difficulties you come across
in your life.
2. Consequences Of Poor Decisions
Whether the decision was impulsive or just poorly thought out can affect our
lives in a negative way.
It can affect…
Your Relationships
Your Finances
Your Freedom
It can even affect our ability to find assistance for the problems you have
created.
3. PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL
The Problem Solving Model is a 5 step process that can assist you in solving
problems and gaining control of your life.
1. Clearly identify and define the problem.
2. Brainstorm and identify possible solutions.
3. Choose a solution and apply it to the situation.
4. Evaluate how well it worked.
5. If necessary, reevaluate the situation and apply another solution.
4. PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL
STEP 1
• The first step in problem solving is to identify the
problem and what or who is effected by the problem.
• Using assertive communication, gather information
from other individuals involved in the problem to
ensure you have the complete picture. The ability to
LISTEN is as important as the ability to talk.
5. PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL
STEP 2
The second step in problem solving is to brainstorm possible
solutions to the problem. This should include the most ridiculous and
far-fetched ideas because sometimes things that seem impossible
are not. Don’t be afraid to think outside the box.
6. PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL
STEP 3
The third step in problem solving is to choose the
best solution for the situation. This can be done by
taking the list of possible solutions and developing a
list of pros and cons for each one. By weighing the
consequences and advantages of each a viable
solution should be chosen.
7. PROBLEM SOLVING PRACTICE….
You are scheduled to work tonight, but your friend has an extra
ticket to see your favorite band in concert. You have missed
several days of work over the last few weeks due to illness and
know that you have left your work short-handed due to this.
Your last paycheck was smaller than usual due to your absences.
Should you go to the concert? Or go to work?
8. PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL - STEP 2 & 3
IDENTIFY PROS AND CONS OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
(IF I MISS WORK AND GO TO THE CONCERT…)
PROS
• I get to see my favorite band in
concert.
• I get to relax and hang with my
friends.
• I have just enough money for a
ticket.
• Once in a lifetime experience.
CONS
• I miss work and could lose my job.
• I will miss the money i could make
that night.
• The tickets are expensive. (I will
use money needed for bills.)
• I will have to spend money on gas.
9. PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL
STEP 4
Take the best solution and apply it to the situation. Remember that
if it involves a change in how people do things that it may take
longer to be effective. How well did this solution work? Did you
apply the solution using the best method and steps?
10. PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL
STEP 5
Step 5 is to evaluate the success of the solution you
applied to the situation. Did the solution work? Do
you need to brainstorm and problem solve again? Use
the information from the process, whether good or
bad, to influence future decisions.
11. UNIT 2 HOMEWORK
Think of a problem in your life that you have recently addressed or need to address.
Using the problem solving model perform each of the steps and bring your
documentation to your group session or counseling session where it can be reviewed
and discussed. Include all lists, charts and illustrations you use to come to a solution.
Note: This must be completed prior to proceeding to Unit 3.
