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CHAPTER #1
Programming
Techniques
OBJECTIVES
Problem Solving
Phases of Problem Solving
Algorithm
Flow charts
DEFINE PROBLEM
A situation or matter that require proper attention to be
resolved.
PROBLEM SOLVING
It is a process of identifying a
problem and finding the best
solution for it.
PHASES OF PROBLEM
SOLVING
• Define the problem
• Analyze the problem
• Plan the solution of a problem
• Candid solution of a problem
• Select the best solution
1. Define the problem:
◦ The first phase of problem solving is to identify the problem.
◦ A clearly defined problem helps the user to find the solution.
◦ A problem cannot be solved if it is not defined clearly.
◦Example:
A story “thirsty Crow” indicates a problem to be solved. The crow wants to drink
water but the level of water in the jug is low. The problem can be defined as
“ How to raise the level of water in the jug”?
2:Analyze the Problem
◦ The first phase of problem solving is to analyze the problem.
◦ It is used to get more detailed information about the define problem.
◦ A problem can be divided into the following parts after analyzing it:
1. Input: It specifies the things given in the problem solving.
2. Process: It specifies the actions.
3. Output: It specifies what is required.
Input Process Output
Example:
Input: the input is the jug of water and the
pebbles.
Process: the crow throws the pebbles in the jug.
Output: the level of the water is raised and the
crow drinks the water.
3. PLAN THE SOLUTION OF A
PROBLEM
• The problem is assessed to find out the ways to solve a particular problem.
• This phase specifies the actions required to solve the problem.
Things to remember while planning
 Make the schedule to indicate when each step should be finished.
 How the plan and solution will affect other people.
 Get ready to face the criticism about the plan and the solution.
 Prepare the answers for the criticism.
 Ignore other ideas.
4.CANDID SOLUTION OF A
PROBLEM
• All possible solutions of a problem that produce correct result are
known as candid solution.
• It is always a good ideas to think about different ways to solve a
problem.
• It helps the best solution for the problems.
5. Select the best solution
The selection of a best solution from the available solution is very important. There are three
different factors that affects the selection of a best solution.
1. Speed
It indicate the efficiency of a solution.
2. Cost
A solution may be efficient and speedy but it cannot be selected if its cost is too high. A
solution must be affordable and cost effective.
3. Complexity
The selected solution must be easy and user friendly.
ALGORITHM
An finite number of steps to solve a problem.
Or
Step by step information that that are used to solve a problem.
These steps must be followed in the same sequence to solve a
problem.

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SSC part 2 lecture 1 problem solving AJK syllabus

  • 1.
  • 3. OBJECTIVES Problem Solving Phases of Problem Solving Algorithm Flow charts
  • 4. DEFINE PROBLEM A situation or matter that require proper attention to be resolved.
  • 5. PROBLEM SOLVING It is a process of identifying a problem and finding the best solution for it.
  • 6. PHASES OF PROBLEM SOLVING • Define the problem • Analyze the problem • Plan the solution of a problem • Candid solution of a problem • Select the best solution
  • 7. 1. Define the problem: ◦ The first phase of problem solving is to identify the problem. ◦ A clearly defined problem helps the user to find the solution. ◦ A problem cannot be solved if it is not defined clearly. ◦Example: A story “thirsty Crow” indicates a problem to be solved. The crow wants to drink water but the level of water in the jug is low. The problem can be defined as “ How to raise the level of water in the jug”?
  • 8. 2:Analyze the Problem ◦ The first phase of problem solving is to analyze the problem. ◦ It is used to get more detailed information about the define problem. ◦ A problem can be divided into the following parts after analyzing it: 1. Input: It specifies the things given in the problem solving. 2. Process: It specifies the actions. 3. Output: It specifies what is required. Input Process Output
  • 9. Example: Input: the input is the jug of water and the pebbles. Process: the crow throws the pebbles in the jug. Output: the level of the water is raised and the crow drinks the water.
  • 10. 3. PLAN THE SOLUTION OF A PROBLEM • The problem is assessed to find out the ways to solve a particular problem. • This phase specifies the actions required to solve the problem. Things to remember while planning  Make the schedule to indicate when each step should be finished.  How the plan and solution will affect other people.  Get ready to face the criticism about the plan and the solution.  Prepare the answers for the criticism.  Ignore other ideas.
  • 11. 4.CANDID SOLUTION OF A PROBLEM • All possible solutions of a problem that produce correct result are known as candid solution. • It is always a good ideas to think about different ways to solve a problem. • It helps the best solution for the problems.
  • 12. 5. Select the best solution The selection of a best solution from the available solution is very important. There are three different factors that affects the selection of a best solution. 1. Speed It indicate the efficiency of a solution. 2. Cost A solution may be efficient and speedy but it cannot be selected if its cost is too high. A solution must be affordable and cost effective. 3. Complexity The selected solution must be easy and user friendly.
  • 13. ALGORITHM An finite number of steps to solve a problem. Or Step by step information that that are used to solve a problem. These steps must be followed in the same sequence to solve a problem.