4. Countries where COVID-19 has spread (as on 14/11/2021)
Number of Countries and Territories: 222 +
Number of cases reported: 253,796,914
Active cases: 19,183,940
Recovered: 229,499,706
Number of deaths : 5,113,268
No uniform
transmission of disease
and death rate;
It depends upon-nature
and type of individual/
population
5. With in our friend circle
Some are susceptible to some kind of infectious disease
Some are resistance to some kind of infectious disease
6. Fighting against disease
Fighting with external guards:
Masks/social distancing/ sanitizers/
antibiotics/ drugs required and forever
Fighting with internal energies/ potentials: Nothing external is
required and never
Immunity
9. Immunology
The term was coined by Russian biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
Received the Nobel Prize in 1908
First time observed the phenomenon of phagocytosis, in which the body defends
itself against a foreign body
Father of Immunology: Edward Jenner, an English physician and scientist
Jenner was the pioneer of the smallpox vaccine
Opened the pathway of the discovery of the immune system
Immunology is a branch of Biology that covers the study of Immune
system of the organism
Edward Jenner
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
10. Immune system ?
The immune system is a
complex network of organs/
tissues/cells and proteins/
biomolecules that defends the
body against infection.
The immune system protects our body against invaders/pathogens, such as
viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasites…. and foreign bodies also
CORONA
11. Immunity……Immune system…….Immunology……..
Immunity: Comes from Latin word: Immunis = “exempt” (In english: Protection from disease)
Ability of host to protect itself against pathogen/foreign molecules
Immunity
Ability of protection
from infectious disease
Immune system
Cellular and molecular
components responsible for
immunity
Immunology
Detailed study of
Immunosystem functions
and mechanism
12. Immune system
The immune system is a complex
network of cells and their
biomolecules associated with
defense mechanism of an
organism.
The immune system protects our body against invaders/pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, parasites…. and foreign bodies also
Protect the host from a universe of
pathogenic microbes
Eliminate toxic or allergenic substances from
the body
13. Objective of the course
To provide a fundamental insight of the inner workings of Immune System and its
implications on human health.
Outcomes of the course:
I. Appreciate various components of Immune System
II. Differentiate between the development and role of various cells and organs of
Immune System
III. Rationalize the disease conditions in created during Immune System malfunction
Subject: Basics of Immunology
Class: B. Sc. Microbiology (Sem. VI)
After completion of this course, student will achieve
14. Syllabus
UNIT I: Overview of Immune System
UNIT II: Antigen and Antibody: Types, Roles, Interactions and Applications
UNIT III: Development, Activation and Communication in Adaptive Immunity
UNIT IV: Immunology in Health and Diseases
15. Unit I: Overview of Immune System
History of immunology
Functional role of Immune System
Types of Immunity: Innate and adaptive immunity
Physical barriers to infection
Cells and organs of the innate and adaptive immune system
Haematopoiesis.
16. Unit II:
Antigen and Antibody: Types, Roles, Interactions
and Applications
Antigen: Characteristics of antigens
Factors that influence immunogenicity; Cross reactivity; Epitopes; Haptens, Adjuvants.
Immunoglobulins: Structure, Classification & Functions
Organization & Synthesis of Light chain genes & Heavy chain genes, Class & Isotype
Switching
Monoclonal Antibodies: Production by Hybridoma Technology & Applications
Antigen and Antibody Interactions- Agglutination, Precipitation
ELISA, RIA, Immunoflorescence & Western Blotting
17. Unit III:
Development, Activation and Communication in
Adaptive Immunity
MHC molecules and organisation of their genes
Structure and function of MHC gene products
Antigen Processing and Presentations
T- Cell Receptor and B cell Receptor
T- Cell Maturation, Activation, Differentiation
B- Cell Maturation, Activation, Differentiation
Cytokines: Properties of Cytokines; Cytokine receptors; Function of Cytokines
Complement System: Function; Component; Activation and Regulation
Cell Mediated Effector Responses
18. Unit IV:
Immunology in Health and Diseases
Immune response to Infectious Diseases: Viral (Influenza); Bacterial (Tuberculosis);
Protozoan (Malaria)
Immunodeficiency Diseases: Primary (SCID) & Secondary (AIDS)
Autoimmune Diseases: Organ Specific (Graves disease; Insulin dependent diabeties
mallitus)
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (Rheumatoid Arthritis; Multiple sclerosis)
Transplantation Immunology: Graft rejection; Evidence & Mechanism of Graft rejection
Prevention of Graft rejection
Immunosuppressive Drugs
Hypersensitive Reactions
Inflammatory response
Vaccines and there types
19. Reference Books
1. B. M. Hannigan, C. B. T. Moore and D. G. Quinn (2010) Immunology 2nd Edn., Viva Books.
2. K. D. Elgert (2009) Immunology, 2nd Edn., Wiley Blackwell.
3. K. M. Murphy, P. Travers, M. Walport (2011) Janeway’s Immunobiology, 8th Edition, Garland Science.
4. W. E. Paul (2008) Fundamental Immunology, 6th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
5. K. Abbas, A. H. Lichtman & S. Pillai (2007) Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 6th Edition, Saunders.
6. Kindt, T. J., Osborne, B. A. & Goldsby, R. A. (2006) Kuby Immunology, 6th edition, W. H. Freeman.
7. P. J. Delves, S. J. Martin, D. R. Burton and I. M. Roitt (2006) Roitt’s Essential Immunology 11th Edn., Blackwell
Publ..
8. D. Male, J. Brostoff, D. B. Roth & I. Roitt (2006) Immunology, 7th Edn., Mosby-Elsevier.
9. T. W. Mak and M. E. Saunders (2006) The Immune Response – Basic and Clinical Principles, Academic Press.
10. R. Coico, G. Sunshine and E. Benjamini (2003) Immunology - A Short Course, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons.
11. M. Wilson (2005) Microbial inhabitants of humans, Cambridge Univ. Press.
12. F. H. Khan (2009) The Elements of Immunology, Pearson education press
20. Books available at Marwadi university library
Author: Judy Owen I Jenni Punt I Sharon Stranford
Publisher: WH Freeman
ISBN-13: 978-1429219198
Edition: 7th ed.
I have eBook of Kuby Immunology, I will share with you.
