Approaches of Teaching in UNIT III - TNTEU SYLLABUS - I SEM - B.EdSasikala Antony
The document discusses different levels and approaches of teaching, including memory level teaching and understanding level teaching.
Memory level teaching focuses on imparting factual information through repetition and rote learning. Understanding level teaching aims to develop a deeper comprehension of concepts and their application. It involves exploration, presentation of content in small units with repetition, assimilation through individual work and mastery testing, organization of content, and recitation. Effective teaching at both levels requires systematic instruction, use of teaching aids, and assessment of student learning.
Curriculum Designs (Lecture on 31st May).pptFARHAT UL AIN
The document discusses different models of curriculum design, focusing on subject-centered and learner-centered approaches. Subject-centered design emphasizes mastery of core subjects through sequential learning and assessment of acquired knowledge. Learner-centered design gathers student interest and career data to create lesson plans, emphasizes active and cooperative learning, and positions the teacher as a facilitator with student involvement comprising 70-80% of activities. Examples of learner-centered activities include projects, presentations, competitions, debates, and educational trips.
in this ppt, we will discuss subject centred curriculum, it's characteristics, approach, assumptions, merits and demerits of subject centred curriculum
This document discusses course planning and unit planning for nursing programs. It defines course planning as organizing the content and learning experiences for a program leading to graduation. Unit planning involves dividing subject matter into large subdivisions. The key aspects of course and unit planning include:
1. Stating objectives and selecting appropriate content and resources
2. Organizing content and learning experiences in a logical sequence
3. Evaluating student learning through various assessment methods
The purpose is to ensure students learn essential information and skills through well-structured and coordinated programs and units. Teachers play an important role in effective planning at both the course and unit levels.
1. The document discusses course planning and unit planning in nursing education. It defines course planning as planning the entire content of an educational program before commencement. Unit planning involves planning individual units within a course.
2. The key elements of course planning include objectives, content organization, resources, teaching methods, and evaluation. Course planning follows principles like stating objectives in measurable terms and allowing for individual differences.
3. Unit planning involves selecting objectives, content, learning experiences, teaching aids, and evaluation tools. Teachers play an important role in course and unit planning to ensure effective instruction.
Unit 6. Curriculum Development in Pakistan.pptxTanzeelaBashir1
The document discusses curriculum development in Pakistan. It provides definitions of curriculum from various scholars and discusses the characteristics, elements, foundations, process, types and factors affecting curriculum development in Pakistan. It emphasizes that teachers play a central role in curriculum implementation and should be involved in all stages of curriculum development, including planning, creation, implementation, and reflection. Professional development programs are needed to help teachers effectively carry out their important role in curriculum development and implementation.
The document discusses various aspects of nursing curriculum development including:
- The stages of curriculum development including the directive, formative, functional, and evaluative stages.
- The principles, determinants, and types of curriculum including knowledge-centered, competence-based, and experience-based approaches.
- The steps of curriculum development including formulation of objectives, selection of learning experiences, organization of experiences, and evaluation of objectives.
- Characteristics of the core curriculum and discussion of new curriculum types including legitimate, illegitimate, hidden, and null curriculums.
Approaches of Teaching in UNIT III - TNTEU SYLLABUS - I SEM - B.EdSasikala Antony
The document discusses different levels and approaches of teaching, including memory level teaching and understanding level teaching.
Memory level teaching focuses on imparting factual information through repetition and rote learning. Understanding level teaching aims to develop a deeper comprehension of concepts and their application. It involves exploration, presentation of content in small units with repetition, assimilation through individual work and mastery testing, organization of content, and recitation. Effective teaching at both levels requires systematic instruction, use of teaching aids, and assessment of student learning.
Curriculum Designs (Lecture on 31st May).pptFARHAT UL AIN
The document discusses different models of curriculum design, focusing on subject-centered and learner-centered approaches. Subject-centered design emphasizes mastery of core subjects through sequential learning and assessment of acquired knowledge. Learner-centered design gathers student interest and career data to create lesson plans, emphasizes active and cooperative learning, and positions the teacher as a facilitator with student involvement comprising 70-80% of activities. Examples of learner-centered activities include projects, presentations, competitions, debates, and educational trips.
in this ppt, we will discuss subject centred curriculum, it's characteristics, approach, assumptions, merits and demerits of subject centred curriculum
This document discusses course planning and unit planning for nursing programs. It defines course planning as organizing the content and learning experiences for a program leading to graduation. Unit planning involves dividing subject matter into large subdivisions. The key aspects of course and unit planning include:
1. Stating objectives and selecting appropriate content and resources
2. Organizing content and learning experiences in a logical sequence
3. Evaluating student learning through various assessment methods
The purpose is to ensure students learn essential information and skills through well-structured and coordinated programs and units. Teachers play an important role in effective planning at both the course and unit levels.
1. The document discusses course planning and unit planning in nursing education. It defines course planning as planning the entire content of an educational program before commencement. Unit planning involves planning individual units within a course.
2. The key elements of course planning include objectives, content organization, resources, teaching methods, and evaluation. Course planning follows principles like stating objectives in measurable terms and allowing for individual differences.
3. Unit planning involves selecting objectives, content, learning experiences, teaching aids, and evaluation tools. Teachers play an important role in course and unit planning to ensure effective instruction.
Unit 6. Curriculum Development in Pakistan.pptxTanzeelaBashir1
The document discusses curriculum development in Pakistan. It provides definitions of curriculum from various scholars and discusses the characteristics, elements, foundations, process, types and factors affecting curriculum development in Pakistan. It emphasizes that teachers play a central role in curriculum implementation and should be involved in all stages of curriculum development, including planning, creation, implementation, and reflection. Professional development programs are needed to help teachers effectively carry out their important role in curriculum development and implementation.
The document discusses various aspects of nursing curriculum development including:
- The stages of curriculum development including the directive, formative, functional, and evaluative stages.
- The principles, determinants, and types of curriculum including knowledge-centered, competence-based, and experience-based approaches.
- The steps of curriculum development including formulation of objectives, selection of learning experiences, organization of experiences, and evaluation of objectives.
- Characteristics of the core curriculum and discussion of new curriculum types including legitimate, illegitimate, hidden, and null curriculums.
The document discusses various aspects of nursing curriculum development including:
- The stages of curriculum development including the directive, formative, functional, and evaluative stages.
- The principles, determinants, and types of curriculum including knowledge-centered, competence-based, and experience-based approaches.
- The steps of curriculum development including formulation of objectives, selection of learning experiences, organization of experiences, and evaluation of objectives.
- Characteristics of the core curriculum and new types of curriculums including child-centered, activity-based, and experience-based models.
The document discusses curriculum development for nursing programs. It defines curriculum as a plan for guiding the educative process and achieving educational goals. A nursing curriculum should include objectives, duration, course plans, and evaluation methods. It is developed through a process involving gathering information and making decisions at various levels. Key steps include establishing objectives, selecting learning experiences aligned with objectives, organizing experiences for continuity and integration, and evaluating the curriculum's effectiveness. The document also outlines various curriculum models like student-centered, correlated, and integrated curriculums.
This course covers principles of teaching and learning for primary/secondary education students. It is divided into 5 units over 2 semesters, providing 4 credits total. The course explores principles and approaches for teaching, learning, and classroom environments; planning instruction in different contexts; integration approaches; managing classrooms and behavior; and classroom logistics. Assessment includes coursework assignments like a portfolio and final exam with essays and multiple choice. The course aims to familiarize students with teaching tasks, principles, lesson planning, and creating caring classroom communities for diverse learners. Pedagogy focuses on active, collaborative, constructivist learning through discussion, activities, and analyzing teaching examples.
nursing education curriculum and models CURRICULUM.pptxDONABIBIN
This document discusses different aspects of curriculum, including:
- Definitions of curriculum from various perspectives and how it relates to educational goals.
- The types of curriculum such as child-centered, subject-centered, and integrated curriculum.
- The components and nature of nursing curriculum specifically.
- Factors that influence curriculum design like technological advances and societal needs.
Curriculum development in nursing ed.pptxGokulDev16
The document discusses curriculum development in education. It describes curriculum development as a process that aims to introduce planned changes to achieve better educational outcomes. The purposes of curriculum development are to establish a clear philosophy and goals, outline a framework for teaching and learning, allow flexibility and encourage innovation. The process involves evaluating the existing program, designing an improved program, implementing it, and then re-evaluating. Key steps are formulating a philosophy, establishing objectives, selecting learning experiences, organizing experiences, and evaluating the program. Different types of curricula are also outlined such as traditional, activity-based, experience-based, and competency-based curricula.
This document outlines the steps in curriculum development according to Ralph Tyler's model. It discusses 4 main steps: 1) formulation of educational objectives, 2) selection of learning experiences, 3) organization of learning experiences, and 4) evaluation of the curriculum. Under each step, it provides details on developing objectives based on student and social needs, principles for selecting learning experiences, organizing experiences for continuity and integration, and evaluating if objectives are achieved. It also discusses developing a master rotation plan, course plan, unit plan, and lesson plan to implement the curriculum.
1. The document discusses unit planning, which refers to planning instruction for a unit of study that lasts 2-3 weeks and includes standards, skills, and learning outcomes.
2. A unit plan consists of selecting the unit, analyzing its content, determining objectives, deciding learning experiences, selecting teaching aids, planning evaluation, and assigning work.
3. Following pedagogical principles like comprehensiveness, clarity, systematic presentation, and economy of time is important for effective unit planning.
A curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners.
Curriculum guide is a written curriculum.
Curriculum Planning is the process whereby the arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created.
This document discusses the key aspects of curriculum including its meaning, definition, components, nature, development and evaluation. It defines curriculum as the totality of student experiences provided by the educational institution to attain its objectives. The key components of a curriculum are its objectives, content, methodology and evaluation. Curriculum development involves formulating objectives, selecting learning experiences, organizing instruction and evaluating outcomes. Several principles and steps are outlined for effective curriculum planning, implementation and review.
This document provides an overview of curriculum development in nursing education. It begins with definitions of curriculum and discusses the main determinants and principles of curriculum. The key steps in curriculum development are then outlined, including:
1) Formulating educational objectives based on the needs of learners, society, and experts.
2) Selecting learning experiences according to criteria like consistency with objectives and allowing students to learn by doing.
3) Organizing learning experiences vertically and horizontally with continuity, sequence and integration.
4) Evaluating the curriculum, including assessment of the philosophy, goals, content, methods, and relationship between courses.
Students centered curriculum - Unit VII of Knowledge and CurriculumThanavathi C
The document discusses student-centered curriculum. It states that in this type of curriculum, students are given more importance compared to subjects or teachers. The curriculum is framed based on the needs, skills, abilities and aptitudes of learners. The goal is to ensure overall development of students. Students influence content, activities, materials and pace of learning. The teacher provides opportunities for independent learning and coaches students in skills. A learner-centered curriculum is developed in 7 stages: identifying learners, learning objectives, models, theories, curriculum architecture, content selection, and learner services. The curriculum focuses on freedom to develop naturally, teacher as guide, learner interest, development study, and home-school cooperation.
Curriculum development-Nursing education 1st year M.Sc NursingAnand Gowda
This document provides an overview of curriculum development in nursing education. It begins with definitions of curriculum and discusses the main determinants and principles of curriculum. It then outlines the main steps in curriculum development according to Ralph Tyler: [1] formulation of educational objectives, [2] selection of learning experiences, [3] organization of learning experiences, and [4] evaluation of the curriculum. For each step, key aspects are described such as how objectives are formulated, criteria for selecting learning experiences, and approaches to organizing and evaluating the curriculum. Different types of curricula such as knowledge-centered and competence-based are also briefly discussed.
Inclusion is a commitment to educate students with special education needs in the same schools and classrooms as their peers without disabilities by bringing necessary support services to them, rather than separating them, and providing special education in the least restrictive environment possible. It involves assessing students' needs, making classroom environments and lessons more accessible and meaningful through individualized plans and adaptations, and using strategies like cooperative learning and peer tutoring to support individual student requirements.
Didactica del ingles por Jessica MontaguanoJessylokita
This document discusses key concepts in didactics and the teaching and learning process. It defines didactics as the scientific study of teaching methods, and identifies five components of the teaching situation: the student, teacher, objectives, content, and teaching methods. It describes stages of learning as initial confusion, analysis, and synthesis. Signs that students are learning include note-taking, organizing, discussing, and comparing. The roles of the teacher are to guide learning, encourage students, and take into account their abilities. Didactics aims to make teaching and learning more effective.
The document discusses the definition of a nursing curriculum as the learning opportunities and activities planned by faculty to attain objectives for students over a specified period of time. It describes the components of a nursing curriculum as including objectives, duration, course plans, and evaluation. Additionally, it outlines the process of curriculum development as selecting, organizing, implementing, and evaluating learning experiences based on learner needs and abilities.
This document discusses principles of teaching and instruction. It defines teaching as a process of interacting that engages students in learning activities to acquire knowledge, skills, and values. Teaching involves both science and art, using psychological research and creative implementation. Key factors in the teaching-learning process are the teacher, learner, content/strategies, and their interplay. Principles of learning include that it is experiential, discovery-based, evolutionary, and involves the whole person - intellectually and emotionally. Effective instruction follows principles like context, focus, socialization, individualization, sequence, and evaluation. Instruction can be managed through homogeneous, heterogeneous, or non-graded student groupings.
This document provides information about curriculum design and mapping. It begins with an opening prayer and icebreaker activity. It then covers three lessons:
1. The fundamentals of curriculum design, including the elements or components of a curriculum like objectives, content, references, teaching methods, and assessment.
2. Approaches to curriculum design like subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered models. It discusses principles of different approaches.
3. Curriculum mapping, which is defined as a process that follows curriculum design. It identifies the purposes of mapping like pacing lessons over time. Examples of curriculum maps are also mentioned.
This document outlines the key elements and components of curriculum:
1. Curriculum aims, goals and objectives which define what students should learn at different education levels from elementary to tertiary.
2. Curriculum content or subject matter, which can be either subject-centered or learner-centered. Criteria for selecting content include self-sufficiency, significance, validity, utility, and learnability.
3. Curriculum experience, which involves instructional strategies and methods to implement the curriculum through teaching and experiential learning activities.
4. Curriculum evaluation to determine the quality, effectiveness and value of the curriculum through formative and summative evaluation methods like the CIPP model.
This document outlines the key components of a curriculum: aims and objectives, content/subject matter, curriculum experience (instructional strategies and methods), and evaluation. It provides examples of the aims of elementary, secondary, and tertiary education. It also discusses principles for organizing content, such as balance, articulation, sequence, integration, and continuity. A variety of instructional strategies and methods are suggested to link goals to outcomes. Curriculum evaluation is defined and the CIPP model is presented as a framework involving context, inputs, processes, and products.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
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The document discusses various aspects of nursing curriculum development including:
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- The principles, determinants, and types of curriculum including knowledge-centered, competence-based, and experience-based approaches.
- The steps of curriculum development including formulation of objectives, selection of learning experiences, organization of experiences, and evaluation of objectives.
- Characteristics of the core curriculum and new types of curriculums including child-centered, activity-based, and experience-based models.
The document discusses curriculum development for nursing programs. It defines curriculum as a plan for guiding the educative process and achieving educational goals. A nursing curriculum should include objectives, duration, course plans, and evaluation methods. It is developed through a process involving gathering information and making decisions at various levels. Key steps include establishing objectives, selecting learning experiences aligned with objectives, organizing experiences for continuity and integration, and evaluating the curriculum's effectiveness. The document also outlines various curriculum models like student-centered, correlated, and integrated curriculums.
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This document discusses different aspects of curriculum, including:
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- The components and nature of nursing curriculum specifically.
- Factors that influence curriculum design like technological advances and societal needs.
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The document discusses curriculum development in education. It describes curriculum development as a process that aims to introduce planned changes to achieve better educational outcomes. The purposes of curriculum development are to establish a clear philosophy and goals, outline a framework for teaching and learning, allow flexibility and encourage innovation. The process involves evaluating the existing program, designing an improved program, implementing it, and then re-evaluating. Key steps are formulating a philosophy, establishing objectives, selecting learning experiences, organizing experiences, and evaluating the program. Different types of curricula are also outlined such as traditional, activity-based, experience-based, and competency-based curricula.
This document outlines the steps in curriculum development according to Ralph Tyler's model. It discusses 4 main steps: 1) formulation of educational objectives, 2) selection of learning experiences, 3) organization of learning experiences, and 4) evaluation of the curriculum. Under each step, it provides details on developing objectives based on student and social needs, principles for selecting learning experiences, organizing experiences for continuity and integration, and evaluating if objectives are achieved. It also discusses developing a master rotation plan, course plan, unit plan, and lesson plan to implement the curriculum.
1. The document discusses unit planning, which refers to planning instruction for a unit of study that lasts 2-3 weeks and includes standards, skills, and learning outcomes.
2. A unit plan consists of selecting the unit, analyzing its content, determining objectives, deciding learning experiences, selecting teaching aids, planning evaluation, and assigning work.
3. Following pedagogical principles like comprehensiveness, clarity, systematic presentation, and economy of time is important for effective unit planning.
A curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners.
Curriculum guide is a written curriculum.
Curriculum Planning is the process whereby the arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created.
This document discusses the key aspects of curriculum including its meaning, definition, components, nature, development and evaluation. It defines curriculum as the totality of student experiences provided by the educational institution to attain its objectives. The key components of a curriculum are its objectives, content, methodology and evaluation. Curriculum development involves formulating objectives, selecting learning experiences, organizing instruction and evaluating outcomes. Several principles and steps are outlined for effective curriculum planning, implementation and review.
This document provides an overview of curriculum development in nursing education. It begins with definitions of curriculum and discusses the main determinants and principles of curriculum. The key steps in curriculum development are then outlined, including:
1) Formulating educational objectives based on the needs of learners, society, and experts.
2) Selecting learning experiences according to criteria like consistency with objectives and allowing students to learn by doing.
3) Organizing learning experiences vertically and horizontally with continuity, sequence and integration.
4) Evaluating the curriculum, including assessment of the philosophy, goals, content, methods, and relationship between courses.
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The document discusses student-centered curriculum. It states that in this type of curriculum, students are given more importance compared to subjects or teachers. The curriculum is framed based on the needs, skills, abilities and aptitudes of learners. The goal is to ensure overall development of students. Students influence content, activities, materials and pace of learning. The teacher provides opportunities for independent learning and coaches students in skills. A learner-centered curriculum is developed in 7 stages: identifying learners, learning objectives, models, theories, curriculum architecture, content selection, and learner services. The curriculum focuses on freedom to develop naturally, teacher as guide, learner interest, development study, and home-school cooperation.
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This document discusses key concepts in didactics and the teaching and learning process. It defines didactics as the scientific study of teaching methods, and identifies five components of the teaching situation: the student, teacher, objectives, content, and teaching methods. It describes stages of learning as initial confusion, analysis, and synthesis. Signs that students are learning include note-taking, organizing, discussing, and comparing. The roles of the teacher are to guide learning, encourage students, and take into account their abilities. Didactics aims to make teaching and learning more effective.
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This document provides information about curriculum design and mapping. It begins with an opening prayer and icebreaker activity. It then covers three lessons:
1. The fundamentals of curriculum design, including the elements or components of a curriculum like objectives, content, references, teaching methods, and assessment.
2. Approaches to curriculum design like subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered models. It discusses principles of different approaches.
3. Curriculum mapping, which is defined as a process that follows curriculum design. It identifies the purposes of mapping like pacing lessons over time. Examples of curriculum maps are also mentioned.
This document outlines the key elements and components of curriculum:
1. Curriculum aims, goals and objectives which define what students should learn at different education levels from elementary to tertiary.
2. Curriculum content or subject matter, which can be either subject-centered or learner-centered. Criteria for selecting content include self-sufficiency, significance, validity, utility, and learnability.
3. Curriculum experience, which involves instructional strategies and methods to implement the curriculum through teaching and experiential learning activities.
4. Curriculum evaluation to determine the quality, effectiveness and value of the curriculum through formative and summative evaluation methods like the CIPP model.
This document outlines the key components of a curriculum: aims and objectives, content/subject matter, curriculum experience (instructional strategies and methods), and evaluation. It provides examples of the aims of elementary, secondary, and tertiary education. It also discusses principles for organizing content, such as balance, articulation, sequence, integration, and continuity. A variety of instructional strategies and methods are suggested to link goals to outcomes. Curriculum evaluation is defined and the CIPP model is presented as a framework involving context, inputs, processes, and products.
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
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Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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2. 2
INTRODUCTION
Unit plan is the method to impart the knowledge of a particular topic of a
subject. A good unit plan is like a road map. It shows the final destination and
usually best way to get there. The teacher has to recognize the content of the
subject into suitable units. ‘Unit’ is developed psychologically in the student as a
means of integration; unitary teaching necessities the interlocking of ideas in order
to achieve full understanding.
A unit consist of a comprehensive series of related and meaningful activities
to achieve the purpose, educational objectives by providing significant educational
experience that would result in appropriate behavioural changes in the learners. A
large sub-division of the subject matter, wherein a principle of a topic or a property
is central to the well organized matter.
A unit is a combination of various but interrelated lesson. Depending upon
the number of lessons, a unit may be small, taking only few hours to teach or it
may be large covering weeks or even months of teaching.
3. 3
DEFINITION
✓ Planning the unit is known as ‘unit planning’.
✓ Hanna, Hageman and Potler state that “a unit can be defined as purposeful
learning experience focused upon behaviour of the learner and enable him to
adjust to a life situation more effectively”.
✓ Jorolimek defines unit plan “as a means of organizing materials for
instructional purpose which utilizes significant subject matter content,
involves pupils in learning activities through active participation intellectually
and physically and modifies the pupil’s behaviour to the extent to which that
he is able to cope with new problems and situations more competently”.
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Unit planning recognizes that learning takes plays most effectively in terms
of whole rather than of fractions. This concept of wholeness, must be
interpreted in terms of:
• The maturity of the learner.
• The possibilities of the proposed learning situation.
• Activities for making significant changes in the behaviour of the
learner.
• Total situation. Total objective of the group.
• Relationships of the proposed activities to the present level of the
student.
2. Learning is developmental therefore provides for vertical and horizontal
organization of learning experiences.
4. 4
3. Unit planning recognizes that learning takes place most effectively when
there is an understanding and acceptance of goals to be achieved and when
there is full and participation in planning for the attachment of these goals.
4. Unit planning recognizes the necessity for providing for individual
differences in the rates of learning and interest. Therefore, a variety of
assignments, e.g. projects, field trips, conferences and other similar activities
are planned by and for individual and groups.
5. Unit planning recognizes that true learning renders the learner increasingly
skilled in self direction, therefore opportunities are provided for the student
steadily and gradually to assume more responsibility for the selection,
organization and evaluation of many of her own learning experience.
6. Unit planning provides a sound basis for evolution: setting up of goals in
terms of change of behaviour and skill provide a basic for evaluation of
learning outcome.
TYPES OF UNIT PLANNING
1. SUBJECT MATTER UNIT
Topical unit
Generalization units
Unit based on significant aspect of environment and culture.
2. EXPERIENCE UNIT
Centre of interest
Student purpose
Student needs
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3. TEACHINGLEARNING UNIT
4. PROCESS UNIT
5. RESOURCE UNIT
CRITERIA OF A GOOD UNIT
❖ The needs, capabilities and interest of the students should be kept in view.
❖ A variety of experience should be planned for better learning.
e.g. field trip, experiments, demonstrations, projects etc.
❖ The previous experience and background of the students should be taken
into account.
❖ The length of the unit should be based on the interest of the students.
❖ Provide an opportunity for new experiences.
❖ Familiar and related topics should be included in the unit.
❖ It should be related to social and physical environment of the student; help,
anticipate and satisfy some of the future needs of the students.
❖ Unit should be a part of sequences that permits growth from year to year.
❖ Unit planning should be the result of co-operative planning of teachers and
students.
❖ Signifies the unity of wholeness of learning activities related to some
problem or project.
❖ Psychological principle. ‘Learning by whole’ is followed.
❖ Importance has to be given to integrate learning outcomes.
❖ Represents both subject matter into units of experience as well.
❖ Organizes similar type of subject matter.
❖ It achieves a set of specifications and objectives.
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❖ There should have through knowledge about subject content so that she can
decide the difficult units.
❖ The availability of periods should be considered.
ESSENTIAL ACTIVITIES IN PLANNING UNIT
Common activities which are involved while planning and develop
teaching-learning units.
➢ Selection and statement of objectives: to bring desirable change in behaviour
which are manifested result of specific teaching learning activities.
➢ Selection of content.
• Facts, concept, principle which are required to objectives of the unit.
• Information, generalization, subject matter, which are organized into
the knowledge.
• Sources for its knowledge components textbooks, references,
periodicals, journals.
• Audio-visual aids.
• Educational resource-study of a client at home, hospital or clinic or
any situation.
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• The content and learning experience for a unit vary according to the-
type of unit, objectives, the field of study.
• Primary emphasis in nursing course is placing scientific principles
along with the development of skills.
• Pre test has to be administered to test the knowledge, understanding
and skills in the area.
• Study guide has to be prepared by the teacher in advance and give to
the students to work out earlier as it orients, revise the topic relate to
unit and familiarizing the students for the topic.
➢ Distribution of time and the allotment of time.
➢ Organization of content of the unit to meet the desired objectives keeping in
mind the curriculum, policies, administrative pattern. Subject matter or
learning experiences has to be organized for student development, to;
• Produce a calmative effect, i.e. accumulation of results of experience
in desirable manner.
• Reinforce in a manner.
• To create a broader and deeper understanding of knowledge base.
• To develop, refine and strengthen the skills already acquired.
➢ Selection of teaching and learning activities.
Tracing out and utilization of available education resources and
flexibility according to the needs, providing opportunities for students
to practice the behaviours they are expected to develop as a result of
participation in these activities.
➢ Teacher’s expertise:
The teacher should have the knowledge-
• Of the subject that she is teaching.
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• Teaching-learning process.
• Learners for whom she is planning the course.
• Of the unit.
• Her positive attitude towards teaching and her students together
with her experience in teaching.
➢ Selection of methods of evaluation:
• To find out how effective the teaching learning activities have been.
• To ascertain the extent of student learning, ongoing and terminal
plans are necessary.
➢ Selection of reference:
Reading of relevant books, articles, journals is necessary. The school should
have a good library equipped with journals, periodicals, books and library
reference material which will aid in the teaching-learning process.
Teachers should give the reference to the students for their self-study
according to their needs and level.
To update knowledge regularly the teacher also should make use of library.
9. 9
STEPS IN UNIT PLANNING
1. Read the subject matter related to the topic in detain.
2. Discuss with experts on the subject and also refer to university syllabus.
3. Include the students and develop the unit plan cooperatively by the
teacher and student.
4. Write down the details such as the title of the unit, number of hours
required to teach and the practical experiences.
5. Formulate the central and contributory objective.
6. Identify the content area and the method of teaching.
7. Plan the teaching learning activities to achieve the objective.
8. Select the instructional aid to be used.
9. Plan the experience.
10. Decide on the approximate number of hours to be given to classroom
and clinical experience.
11. Plan appropriate method of evaluation.
12. Provide a list of books or journals.
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Example:
1st
year M.Sc(N), Nursing Education
UNIT HOURS CONTENT METHOD OF
TEACHING
ASSESSMENT
METHODS
I 10 Introduction :
Education :Definition, aims,
concepts, philosophies & their
education implications,
Impact of Social, economical,
political & technological changes on
education:
• Professional education
• Current trends and issues in
education
• Educational reforms and National
Educational policy, various
educational commissions-reports
• Trends in development of nursing
education in India
• Lecture cum
discussion
• Seminar /
Presentations
• Project work
• Essay
Type
• Short
Answers
11. 11
CONCLUSION:
Unit plan is the method to impart the knowledge of a particular topic of a
subject. A good unit plan is like a road map. It shows the final destination and
usually best way to get there. The teacher has to recognize the content of the
subject into suitable units. ‘Unit’ is developed psychologically in the student as a
means of integration; unitary teaching necessities the interlocking of ideas in order
to achieve full understanding. A unit is a combination of various but interrelated
lesson. Depending upon the number of lessons, a unit may be small, taking only
few hours to teach or it may be large covering weeks or even months of teaching.
12. 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY
➢ D Elakkuvana Bhaskara Raj, Nima Bhaskara. ‘Textbook of Nursing
Education’. 2nd
Edition, EMMESS publishers; 2015. 353-356.
➢ B T Basavanthappa. ‘Nursing Education’. JAYPEE publishers; 2003.
➢ B Sankaranarayanan, B Sindhu. ‘Learning and Teaching Nursing’. 4th
Edition, JAYPEE publishers; 2012. 68-69.
➢ http://www.moe.gov.tt/curriculum_process.html