The document discusses the origins and events of the First Crusade. It explains that Jerusalem was an important religious site for Christians, Muslims, and Jews. In 1079, the Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem and prevented Christian pilgrimage. In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade to help Christians in the Holy Land. Over 60,000 men, women, and children from Europe embarked on the journey, which took over 3 years and resulted in thousands of deaths. In 1099, the crusaders finally reached Jerusalem and massacred its Muslim and Jewish inhabitants after a month-long siege.

1. Unit 5.1 /5.2 : The First
Crusades (PAGE 56)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otP54vrpOJ4

2. Words to learn
Terminology Definition
Jerusalem Historic city of major religious important for jewish, muslim and christians
Holy Land An area for religious significance
Holy Sepulchre Site for christian pilgrimage where body of hesus christ is believed to be burried
Dome of Rock Islamic shrine where is believed that Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven
Seljuk Turks A sunni muslim tribe that conquer Jerusalem in 1079

3. Jerusalem

4. Holy Sepulchre J

5. Dome of rock – Alaqsa mosque

6. Western Wall – JEWS-PPL , JUDAISM -
RELIGION

7. Where is Jerusalem?

8. What is Holy land?
• The area surrounding
the ancient city of
Jerusalem is called
Holy land, and is a
place of major
religious importance
for three world
religions: Islam,
Christians and Jews

9. Why is Jerusalem important to Christian?
• The church of
Holy Spulchre ,
where Jesus is
believed to have
been buried and
ressurrected

10. Why is Jerusalem important to Muslim?
• It’s the home of
Dome of the
Rock where
Prophet
Muhammad was
believed to
ascended to
heaven to
receive
revelation from
god in the event
of Isra’ Mikraj

11. Why is Jerusalem important for Jews?
• It is home of the
Wailing Wall , it’s
the last surviving
part of the
Solomon temple,
They also
believed that
Jerusalem was
the centre of
earth

12. Who own Jerusalem (peaceful time before
war?)
• In 638AD, Jerusalem was
ruled by Muslim [Fatimids],
• They allowed Christians and
Jews to live and visit as
pilgrims

13. The rival begins among new ruler and the
pilgrims. Who own Jerusalem in 1079?
• The new group of muslims called
Seljuk Turks siezed control of
Jerusalem (famously known for
their great army and horseback
archers)
• Bad things happened between
the Seljuk Turks soldiers and
Christian pilgrim
• Christians were no longer
allowed to visit the Holy Church
of Sepulchre with peace

14. Seljuk is gaining more power in Asia Minor
(middle east and eastern Europe)
• Christian people at Costantinopel (Spain) felt
threatened and requested help from Christian in
Europe
• Pope Urban II made one important speech in 1095. In
his speech :
• Encourage Christian to travel to Jerusalem and
offered help to other Christian brothers (soldiers,
social support and money)
• Ensure that whoever joined the great pilgrim and
died , they will be considered as martyr (guaranteed
heaven)
• All their previous sins will be forgiven too

16. Is it a holy war for Christian?
• Yes, Those who inspired by
the Pope’s speech sewn
cross on their
tunics(clothes)
• Fighting the crusades
became knows as ‘to take
the cross’

17. The First Crusade
• How many: 60 000 men,
women and children from
all over Europe
• Who were they: Knights,
foot soldiers, cooks,
craftsmen, servants and
family members
• Who helped them?
Groups of noblemen from
France, Germany and Italy

18. Journey of the First crusade
• In August 1096, the crusaders
began their march to
Constantinopel to gain food and
supplies.
• In June 1097, they took the holy
city of Nicaea and returned it to
Byzantine rule
• In June 1098, they captured city
of Antioch (near desert), the
journey was rough and hot,
They ran out of food and
supplies. They survived by
looting nearby village

19. Arrival to the Jerusalem
• After 3 years of 3000 miles
journey, they finally arrived in
Jerusalem in 7th June 1099.
• 15000 people and 1300 knights
died on the journey due to
starvation, casualties and
desertion (mostly children,
slaves and women)
• They camped outside the
Jerusalem citu for a month to
regain their strength

20. The siege of Jerusalem • One knight named Godfrey of
Bouillon build 20 meters siege
tower and he broke through the
Muslim (Seljuk turks) defense
then flooded into the city.
• Once inside, Christians
massacred Muslims and Jewish
population, killing, torturing and
burning alive estimated 10 000
men, women, children.
• The city was flooded with blood,
death and decayed body in 6
months.
• This butchery by the crusader
knights shocked the Muslim
world.