The document summarizes political changes in Spain from 1902 to 1978. It describes the transition from monarchy to republic in the early 20th century, followed by the civil war and Franco's dictatorship from 1939 to 1975. After Franco died, Spain transitioned to democracy, holding elections in 1977. A new constitution in 1978 established Spain as a parliamentary monarchy that protects citizens' rights.

1. UNIT 5- A CENTURY OF GREAT CHANGE Social Science 6th
THE TRANSITION FROM MONARCHY TO REPUBLIC (1902-1936)
In 1902, Alonso XIII had all the power of a king, but conflict increased.
General Primo de Rivera led a military coup in 1923 and established a
dictatorship. He closed Parliament and suspended elections.
Primo de rivera resigned in 1930 and elections were held in 1931. The
Republicans won the elections and established a democratic system.
They implemented economic, social and political reforms. Conservatives
were not happy with the reforms and supported a military coup that
began on 18 July 1936. This marked the beginning of the Civil War, led
by Generals Sanjurjo, Mola and Franco.
THE FRANCO DICTATORSHIP (1939-1975)
The Civil War divided the Spanish people (Republicans and Nationalists)
and devasted the country. In 1936, General Franco ended democracy and
established a dictatorship, which lasted almost 40 years. Franco had
absolute power. He abolished the Republican Constitution and anyone who
opposed the regime was persecuted and imprisoned, or forced to exile.
THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY
After Franco died in 1975, Spain changed to a democratic system. Juan
Carlos I become king of Spain and Adolfo Suárez became Prime
Minister. The first democratic elections were held on 15 June 1977.
THE CONSTITUTION OF 1978
The Constitution establishes Spain as a parliamentary monarchy and
guarantees the fundamental rights of its citizens.