The document summarizes the rise of dictatorships in Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal in the early 20th century. It describes how Adolf Hitler rose to power in Germany as the leader of the Nazi party and established a dictatorship by 1934. Benito Mussolini did similarly in Italy, while Francisco Franco took control of Spain after a civil war. Antonio de Oliveira Salazar also ruled as a dictator in Portugal from the 1930s. These dictatorships contributed to the causes of World War 2 breaking out in 1939.