Unit 5
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Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply without excessive overstock. It answers questions about when to order, where to store inventory, and how much to order. Two common inventory management techniques are the two-bin system and economic order quantity (EOQ) modeling, which aim to minimize total inventory costs. ABC analysis categorizes inventory into A, B, and C items to apply appropriate control policies to each.
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Unit 3
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory carrying costs.
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL-Unit 3
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory holding costs.
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL-Unit 5
Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply without excessive overstock. It answers questions about when to order, where to store inventory, and how much to order. Two common inventory management techniques are the two-bin system and economic order quantity (EOQ) modeling, which help determine optimal order sizes and quantities. ABC analysis categorizes inventory items into A, B, and C groups to apply different control and recordkeeping policies based on importance and value.
Unit 2
The document discusses work study and method study. It provides details on the basic procedures for method study which include selecting work to study, recording the existing method, examining the facts critically, developing a more efficient method, defining the new method, installing it, and maintaining it. It describes different charts that can be used for process recording like operation process charts, flow process charts, two-handed process charts, and multiple activity charts. The principles of motion economy relating to the human body, work place arrangement, and tool/equipment design are also summarized.
Unit 3-IE6605 & PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory holding costs.
PPC-ALL UNITS-PPT
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory holding costs.
Unit 5
Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply without excessive overstock. It answers questions about when to order, where to store inventory, and how much to order. Two common inventory management techniques are the two-bin system and economic order quantity (EOQ) modeling, which help determine optimal order sizes and quantities. ABC analysis categorizes inventory items into A, B, and C categories to allow for different control and record-keeping based on importance.
Unit 5-IE6605 & PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply without excessive overstock. It answers questions about when to order, where to store inventory, and how much to order. Two common inventory management techniques are the two-bin system and economic order quantity (EOQ) modeling, which aim to minimize total inventory costs. ABC analysis categorizes inventory into A, B, and C items to allow for different control and record-keeping based on importance and cost.
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Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory carrying costs.
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL-Unit 3
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory holding costs.
PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL-Unit 5
Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply without excessive overstock. It answers questions about when to order, where to store inventory, and how much to order. Two common inventory management techniques are the two-bin system and economic order quantity (EOQ) modeling, which help determine optimal order sizes and quantities. ABC analysis categorizes inventory items into A, B, and C groups to apply different control and recordkeeping policies based on importance and value.
Unit 2
The document discusses work study and method study. It provides details on the basic procedures for method study which include selecting work to study, recording the existing method, examining the facts critically, developing a more efficient method, defining the new method, installing it, and maintaining it. It describes different charts that can be used for process recording like operation process charts, flow process charts, two-handed process charts, and multiple activity charts. The principles of motion economy relating to the human body, work place arrangement, and tool/equipment design are also summarized.
Unit 3-IE6605 & PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory holding costs.
PPC-ALL UNITS-PPT
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory holding costs.
Unit 5
Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply without excessive overstock. It answers questions about when to order, where to store inventory, and how much to order. Two common inventory management techniques are the two-bin system and economic order quantity (EOQ) modeling, which help determine optimal order sizes and quantities. ABC analysis categorizes inventory items into A, B, and C categories to allow for different control and record-keeping based on importance.
Unit 5-IE6605 & PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL
Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply without excessive overstock. It answers questions about when to order, where to store inventory, and how much to order. Two common inventory management techniques are the two-bin system and economic order quantity (EOQ) modeling, which aim to minimize total inventory costs. ABC analysis categorizes inventory into A, B, and C items to allow for different control and record-keeping based on importance and cost.
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The document discusses various production scheduling concepts and methods. It describes the functions of loading and scheduling, including determining operation times and sequencing work. Common scheduling tools are also explained, such as Gantt charts, which illustrate project schedules and task dependencies. Other scheduling methods covered include line of balance, linear scheduling, batch production scheduling, MRP, Kanban, and dispatching. Progress reporting and expediting are also summarized as important functions to ensure planned performance is achieved.
Unit 4
The document discusses various production scheduling concepts and methods. It describes the loading and scheduling process, which involves determining the work required, computing total time needed, and adding it to existing workplans. Scheduling then determines operation start/finish times. Master scheduling and Gantt charts are also referenced. Benefits of scheduling include reduced inventory and setups. MRP, Kanban, dispatching, progress reporting and expediting are additionally summarized.
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The document discusses various production planning and scheduling functions including scheduling, loading, sequencing, expediting, Gantt charts, line of balance, linear scheduling method, batch production scheduling, MRP, kanban, dispatching, progress reporting, and manufacturing lead time. Scheduling determines when operations are performed and works are completed. Loading adds total operation times to planned workstation utilization. Sequencing and dispatching authorize starting operations. Expediting ensures plans meet commitments.
Unit 1
This document discusses production planning and control. It outlines several key objectives of production planning including minimizing costs and inventory while maximizing customer service and production efficiency. The document then describes different types of production systems like continuous, job-based, and intermittent production. It also discusses important aspects of production like product design, development, marketing, functional operations, aesthetics, and profit considerations. Standardization, simplification, and break-even analysis are also covered as important strategies for production.
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Unit 2
The document discusses work study and method study. It defines them, outlines their objectives and basic procedures. Work study aims to utilize resources efficiently while method study examines work processes to develop more effective methods. The key steps in method study are selecting work, recording the current method, examining it critically, developing an improved method, defining and installing the new method, and maintaining it. Various charts and diagrams used in method study are also described such as process charts, flow diagrams and string diagrams.
Unit 4
The document discusses various production scheduling concepts and methods. It describes the loading and scheduling process, which involves determining the work required, computing total time needed, and adding it to existing workplans. Scheduling then determines operation start/finish times. Master scheduling and Gantt charts are also referenced. Benefits of scheduling include reduced inventory and setups. MRP, Kanban, dispatching, progress reporting and expediting are additionally summarized.
Work measurement increases productivityand role of jit om
Work measurement is a technique used to establish the time required for workers to complete tasks. It involves systematically observing and analyzing job tasks to set standard times, improve procedures, and increase productivity. Work sampling also examines how workers spend their time by making observations over an extended period. Predetermined motion time systems break down jobs into basic movements and assign standardized times based on movement type and conditions. Just-in-time manufacturing aims to minimize inventory by receiving goods only as needed in production, requiring accurate demand forecasting. It shifts away from maintaining large safety stocks and toward rapid response to customer demand.
PPCE unit 3 (ME8793 – PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION)
UNIT III - INTRODUCTION TO COST ESTIMATION
Importance of costing and estimation –methods of costing-elements of cost estimation –Types of estimates – Estimating procedure- Estimation labor cost, material cost- allocation of over head charges- Calculation of depreciation cost
4.types of manufacturing system and layouts
Mass production involves breaking tasks down into their simplest elements and grouping them according to production norms. It uses assembly lines where material moves continuously between work stations to complete portions of the process. It is suitable for large quantities of standardized products with less variety produced continuously over time. Batch production uses general machines to produce different products in batches when volumes do not warrant dedicated lines for each. Economic lot size balances carrying costs of inventory with ordering costs to minimize total costs.
Unit 3
This document discusses cost estimation for manufacturing processes. It defines cost estimation as predicting production costs before actual manufacturing. The key steps in cost estimation are: 1) Analyzing the product and creating a bill of materials, 2) Estimating material, labor, tooling and purchased part costs, 3) Calculating direct costs, overhead costs and profit to determine a selling price. Common cost estimation methods include factor analysis, material cost ratios, and detailed analysis of each manufacturing operation and cost element. Accurate cost estimation allows companies to set prices, evaluate product feasibility, and make production planning decisions.
Unit 3
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory holding costs.
K11579 (himanshu chahuan ) or
This document analyzes an inventory control system by discussing the objectives, types including ABC classification, economic order quantity model, advantages, and disadvantages of inventory control. It concludes that effective inventory management is important for business success and failure to properly manage inventory can negatively impact a company.
Ch07
This chapter discusses the elements of a traditional production process and cost accounting system, and how world-class companies differ in their operating philosophies and technologies. It outlines the objectives of achieving world-class status through new accounting methods, information systems, production planning, and emphasis on quality and flexibility. Key aspects of the traditional conversion cycle and production controls are summarized.
Unit 2
The document discusses various topics related to computer aided process planning and production planning and control, including:
- Process planning and its role in CAD/CAM integration.
- Responsibilities and activities of process planning engineers such as drawing interpretation, process selection, and documentation.
- Production planning activities like aggregate production planning, master production scheduling, material requirements planning, and capacity planning.
- Production control activities including shop floor control, inventory control, and manufacturing resource planning.
Inventory production and Recent trends in PPC
1. Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply of items without excessive overstock by supervising supply, storage, and accessibility.
2. Inventory is classified based on the material flow and includes raw materials, work in process, finished goods, and maintenance repair and operating supplies.
3. The objectives of inventory control are to ensure continuous production and maintain overall investment in inventory at the lowest level consistent with operating requirements.
15. Additional inventory Model.pptx
The document discusses various inventory management tools and techniques, including ABC analysis, economic ordering quantity, order point problems, two bin technique, VED/HML classification, material requirements planning, FSN classification, order cycling systems, just-in-time, and daily sales of inventory. It also covers vendor relationship management. The goal is to help understand different inventory control methods and how to classify items to minimize costs and ensure adequate stock levels. Self-assessment questions at the end test the understanding of ABC analysis segments and HML classification.
21-Inventory Management-2.pdf
This document discusses inventory management tactics for reducing different types of inventory. The primary ways to reduce cycle, safety stock, anticipation, and pipeline inventories are reducing lot sizes, placing orders closer to need, matching demand and production rates, and reducing lead times. Secondary levers include streamlining ordering, improving demand forecasts, cutting supplier lead times, and finding more responsive suppliers. ABC analysis and cycle counting are also discussed.
Material costing.ppt
This document discusses various techniques for inventory control and material costing. It describes ABC analysis which categorizes inventory into A, B, and C items based on their value and need for control. It also discusses determining minimum, maximum, and reorder levels to manage stock. The economic order quantity formula is presented to determine the optimal order size to minimize total inventory costs. Other techniques covered include proper purchase procedures, store keeping methods like FIFO and LIFO, calculating inventory turnover ratio, and using a perpetual inventory system to continuously track inventory levels.
Cost accounting.UNIT 2.pptx
The document discusses various methods for material control and inventory management. It describes economic ordering quantity, just-in-time inventory, VED analysis, and ABC analysis as methods for material control. It then covers reorder levels, reorder quantities, formulas for calculating reorder levels, and methods for determining stock levels such as LIFO, FIFO, weighted average, and simple average. The goal of these methods is to minimize costs and optimize inventory levels.
Materials and inventory management
This document discusses materials and inventory management. It covers topics such as the strategic importance of inventory, classifying inventory problems, inventory costs, inventory management systems, and modeling inventory decisions. Specifically, it describes different types of inventory including work-in-process, finished goods, and safety stock. It also discusses the ABC analysis approach to inventory management and different inventory control systems like continuous and periodic review. Key inventory decisions like economic order quantity are explained as well using relevant formulas.
Inventory Management and Control, Production Planning and Control
This document provides an overview of inventory management, production planning, and control. It discusses key objectives like minimizing costs and ensuring adequate supply. Inventory management techniques include ABC analysis, VED analysis, EOQ, lead time, and buffer stock. Production planning determines facility requirements and layout, while production control monitors plan execution and addresses deviations. The perpetual inventory system uses bin cards, store ledgers, and continuous stock taking to regularly check and prevent stockouts.
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The document discusses various production scheduling concepts and methods. It describes the loading and scheduling process, which involves determining the work required, computing total time needed, and adding it to existing workplans. Scheduling then determines operation start/finish times. Master scheduling and Gantt charts are also referenced. Benefits of scheduling include reduced inventory and setups. MRP, Kanban, dispatching, progress reporting and expediting are additionally summarized.
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This document discusses production planning and control. It outlines several key objectives of production planning including minimizing costs and inventory while maximizing customer service and production efficiency. The document then describes different types of production systems like continuous, job-based, and intermittent production. It also discusses important aspects of production like product design, development, marketing, functional operations, aesthetics, and profit considerations. Standardization, simplification, and break-even analysis are also covered as important strategies for production.
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This document discusses production planning and control. It outlines several key objectives of production planning including minimizing costs and inventory while maximizing customer service and production efficiency. The document then describes different types of production systems like continuous, job-based, and intermittent production. It also discusses important aspects of production like product design, development, marketing, functional operations, aesthetics, and profit considerations. Standardization, simplification, and break-even analysis are also covered as important strategies for production.
Unit 2
The document discusses work study and method study. It defines them, outlines their objectives and basic procedures. Work study aims to utilize resources efficiently while method study examines work processes to develop more effective methods. The key steps in method study are selecting work, recording the current method, examining it critically, developing an improved method, defining and installing the new method, and maintaining it. Various charts and diagrams used in method study are also described such as process charts, flow diagrams and string diagrams.
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The document discusses various production scheduling concepts and methods. It describes the loading and scheduling process, which involves determining the work required, computing total time needed, and adding it to existing workplans. Scheduling then determines operation start/finish times. Master scheduling and Gantt charts are also referenced. Benefits of scheduling include reduced inventory and setups. MRP, Kanban, dispatching, progress reporting and expediting are additionally summarized.
Work measurement increases productivityand role of jit om
Work measurement is a technique used to establish the time required for workers to complete tasks. It involves systematically observing and analyzing job tasks to set standard times, improve procedures, and increase productivity. Work sampling also examines how workers spend their time by making observations over an extended period. Predetermined motion time systems break down jobs into basic movements and assign standardized times based on movement type and conditions. Just-in-time manufacturing aims to minimize inventory by receiving goods only as needed in production, requiring accurate demand forecasting. It shifts away from maintaining large safety stocks and toward rapid response to customer demand.
PPCE unit 3 (ME8793 – PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION)
UNIT III - INTRODUCTION TO COST ESTIMATION
Importance of costing and estimation –methods of costing-elements of cost estimation –Types of estimates – Estimating procedure- Estimation labor cost, material cost- allocation of over head charges- Calculation of depreciation cost
4.types of manufacturing system and layouts
Mass production involves breaking tasks down into their simplest elements and grouping them according to production norms. It uses assembly lines where material moves continuously between work stations to complete portions of the process. It is suitable for large quantities of standardized products with less variety produced continuously over time. Batch production uses general machines to produce different products in batches when volumes do not warrant dedicated lines for each. Economic lot size balances carrying costs of inventory with ordering costs to minimize total costs.
Unit 3
This document discusses cost estimation for manufacturing processes. It defines cost estimation as predicting production costs before actual manufacturing. The key steps in cost estimation are: 1) Analyzing the product and creating a bill of materials, 2) Estimating material, labor, tooling and purchased part costs, 3) Calculating direct costs, overhead costs and profit to determine a selling price. Common cost estimation methods include factor analysis, material cost ratios, and detailed analysis of each manufacturing operation and cost element. Accurate cost estimation allows companies to set prices, evaluate product feasibility, and make production planning decisions.
Unit 3
Product planning identifies market requirements to define a product's features. It serves as the basis for pricing, distribution, and promotion decisions. Value analysis aims to increase value, defined as function over cost, by improving function or reducing cost. Lack of product planning can lead to unsatisfied customers, quality issues, and loss of brand name. Process planning involves routing, scheduling, dispatching, and follow up based on product information, processes, capacity, orders, due dates, and resources. Economic batch quantity determines the optimal batch size to minimize average costs by balancing setup costs and inventory holding costs.
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This document analyzes an inventory control system by discussing the objectives, types including ABC classification, economic order quantity model, advantages, and disadvantages of inventory control. It concludes that effective inventory management is important for business success and failure to properly manage inventory can negatively impact a company.
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This chapter discusses the elements of a traditional production process and cost accounting system, and how world-class companies differ in their operating philosophies and technologies. It outlines the objectives of achieving world-class status through new accounting methods, information systems, production planning, and emphasis on quality and flexibility. Key aspects of the traditional conversion cycle and production controls are summarized.
Unit 2
The document discusses various topics related to computer aided process planning and production planning and control, including:
- Process planning and its role in CAD/CAM integration.
- Responsibilities and activities of process planning engineers such as drawing interpretation, process selection, and documentation.
- Production planning activities like aggregate production planning, master production scheduling, material requirements planning, and capacity planning.
- Production control activities including shop floor control, inventory control, and manufacturing resource planning.
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Work measurement increases productivityand role of jit om
Work measurement increases productivityand role of jit om
PPCE unit 3 (ME8793 – PROCESS PLANNING AND COST ESTIMATION)
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Similar to Unit 5
Inventory production and Recent trends in PPC
1. Inventory control aims to ensure adequate supply of items without excessive overstock by supervising supply, storage, and accessibility.
2. Inventory is classified based on the material flow and includes raw materials, work in process, finished goods, and maintenance repair and operating supplies.
3. The objectives of inventory control are to ensure continuous production and maintain overall investment in inventory at the lowest level consistent with operating requirements.
15. Additional inventory Model.pptx
The document discusses various inventory management tools and techniques, including ABC analysis, economic ordering quantity, order point problems, two bin technique, VED/HML classification, material requirements planning, FSN classification, order cycling systems, just-in-time, and daily sales of inventory. It also covers vendor relationship management. The goal is to help understand different inventory control methods and how to classify items to minimize costs and ensure adequate stock levels. Self-assessment questions at the end test the understanding of ABC analysis segments and HML classification.
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This document discusses inventory management tactics for reducing different types of inventory. The primary ways to reduce cycle, safety stock, anticipation, and pipeline inventories are reducing lot sizes, placing orders closer to need, matching demand and production rates, and reducing lead times. Secondary levers include streamlining ordering, improving demand forecasts, cutting supplier lead times, and finding more responsive suppliers. ABC analysis and cycle counting are also discussed.
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This document discusses various techniques for inventory control and material costing. It describes ABC analysis which categorizes inventory into A, B, and C items based on their value and need for control. It also discusses determining minimum, maximum, and reorder levels to manage stock. The economic order quantity formula is presented to determine the optimal order size to minimize total inventory costs. Other techniques covered include proper purchase procedures, store keeping methods like FIFO and LIFO, calculating inventory turnover ratio, and using a perpetual inventory system to continuously track inventory levels.
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The document discusses various methods for material control and inventory management. It describes economic ordering quantity, just-in-time inventory, VED analysis, and ABC analysis as methods for material control. It then covers reorder levels, reorder quantities, formulas for calculating reorder levels, and methods for determining stock levels such as LIFO, FIFO, weighted average, and simple average. The goal of these methods is to minimize costs and optimize inventory levels.
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This document discusses materials and inventory management. It covers topics such as the strategic importance of inventory, classifying inventory problems, inventory costs, inventory management systems, and modeling inventory decisions. Specifically, it describes different types of inventory including work-in-process, finished goods, and safety stock. It also discusses the ABC analysis approach to inventory management and different inventory control systems like continuous and periodic review. Key inventory decisions like economic order quantity are explained as well using relevant formulas.
Inventory Management and Control, Production Planning and Control
This document provides an overview of inventory management, production planning, and control. It discusses key objectives like minimizing costs and ensuring adequate supply. Inventory management techniques include ABC analysis, VED analysis, EOQ, lead time, and buffer stock. Production planning determines facility requirements and layout, while production control monitors plan execution and addresses deviations. The perpetual inventory system uses bin cards, store ledgers, and continuous stock taking to regularly check and prevent stockouts.
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Inventory Management Presentation
Kattareeya Prompreing
白雅欣
iD:DA61G209
(Student in Ph.D. Business and Management, College Business, STUST
email:da61g209@stust.edu.tw
: katt.rmutl@gmail.com
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Inventory management for remote healthcare
Defination : Inventories constitute an important component of a firms working capital .The various features of inventory are inventory as current asssets ,level of liquidity and liquidity lags .
Purpose : The purpose of holding inventoryis to achieve efficiency through cost reduction, increased sales volume ,to avail quantity discounts ,reduce risk of production stoppages ,reducing ordering costs and time .
Inventory Management techniques : 2 types :
1. Economic order quantity : it is the order quantity that minimisesthe total cost associated with inventory management .
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B – items of moderate value and size require reasonable attention
C - items of smaller value
Inventory control
Inventory control techniques include ABC analysis, economic order quantity (EOQ), perpetual inventory system, review of slow and non-moving items, input-output ratio analysis, and setting various inventory levels. EOQ determines the optimal order quantity to minimize total inventory costs. Perpetual inventory involves continuously updating inventory records as items are received or used to prevent closing down for stocktaking. Input-output ratio analysis examines the relationship between raw materials used and final outputs. Setting inventory levels such as maximum, minimum, reorder helps maintain appropriate stock levels.
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Eoq & Stores ledger.pptx
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is the order quantity that minimizes total inventory costs. Total Inventory Costs Budgetary techniques for inventory planning
2. A-B-C. System of inventory control
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Inventory Management
Inventory management involves maintaining the optimal level of inventory to balance customer service and costs. There are different types of inventory including raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods. The objectives of inventory control are to ensure adequate availability while minimizing costs and investments. Effective inventory management requires tracking systems, demand forecasting, and knowledge of costs to optimize inventory levels.
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UNIT- 5.pptx
This document discusses the calculation of machining time for various operations. It provides formulas and factors to consider for estimating machining time for lathe operations like turning, facing, knurling, reaming, etc. It also discusses machining time calculation for other operations like milling, shaping, planning, drilling, boring, grinding. Key factors that influence machining time include tool travel, feed, depth of cut, rpm, cutting speed, setup time, operation time, tear down time and allowances. Accurate estimation of machining time is important for production costing and manufacturing cost estimation of parts.
PPCE UNIT- 4.pptx
This document discusses process planning and cost estimation for various manufacturing processes like forging, welding, and foundry. It provides details on the forging process types like hand forging, drop forging, and press forging. It also describes the steps to estimate the cost of production for each process, including calculating material, labor, and overhead costs. The key cost elements discussed are material selection and allowances for patterns, labor time estimation, and treating overheads as a percentage of labor cost.
PPCE UNIT- 3.pptx
This document discusses cost estimation for process planning and manufacturing. It defines cost estimation as predicting production costs before actual manufacturing. The key steps in cost estimation are: 1) Analyzing product requirements and specifications, 2) Preparing a bill of materials, 3) Estimating material, labor, tooling and purchased part costs, 4) Calculating prime cost by adding direct costs, 5) Applying factory overhead costs, 6) Adding administrative and selling expenses to get total cost, and 7) Factoring in profit to determine selling price. Common cost estimation methods include factor method, material cost method, and function method. The document outlines elements of cost like material, labor, overhead and provides examples of cost estimation calculations.
PPCE UNIT- 2.pptx
This document discusses topics related to process planning, cost estimation, and quality assurance for manufacturing processes. It covers units on process planning activities, cost estimation techniques like production costing, and machining time calculations. Additionally, it outlines quality assurance methods like the seven basic statistical quality control tools, control charts, and considerations for selecting appropriate measurement instruments based on factors like accuracy, resolution, and sensitivity.
UNIT- 1.pptx
The document discusses the key activities involved in process planning, including drawing interpretation, material and process selection, selection of machines, tools and workholding devices, determining process parameters and quality assurance methods, cost estimation, documentation, and communicating the process plan. It provides details on each step, for example explaining that drawing interpretation provides critical information like materials, dimensions, tolerances. Process selection involves evaluating factors like the part geometry, required material properties, and manufacturability. Machine selection depends on economic and operational considerations. The document also discusses related topics like computer-aided process planning and factors that influence tooling selection.
clutch.ppt
The document discusses different types of clutches used to connect and disconnect rotating shafts. It describes friction clutches including single plate, multi-plate, and cone clutches. It explains how they work using friction between contacting surfaces. Centrifugal clutches are also discussed which use centrifugal force rather than springs to engage. The key functions of clutches are to connect/disconnect shafts, start/stop machines smoothly, and reduce shocks between shafts.
UNIT-4 GEAR BOX.ppt
A transmission provides speed and torque conversions from an engine to another device using gear ratios. This reduces wear on the engine and allows greater control and higher speeds. There are several types of transmissions including manual, epicyclic, and automatic. Manual transmissions include sliding mesh, constant mesh, and synchromesh types. Automatic transmissions include hydromatic and torque converter types. The document discusses characteristics and design considerations for gearboxes.
unit_iii_bevel_gear.ppt
Bevel gears are used to transmit power between two intersecting shafts at 90 degree angles. There are several types of bevel gears including straight bevel gears which have teeth parallel to the pitch cones, spiral bevel gears which have teeth inclined to the face, and zerol bevel gears which are spiral gears with curved teeth but zero spiral angle. Bevel gears can also be classified based on their pitch angles as mitre gears with perpendicular shafts, angular gears with non-perpendicular shafts, or crown gears where one gear has a 90 degree pitch angle. The design of bevel gears involves calculating the gear ratio and selecting materials, determining the initial torque load, selecting tooth dimensions, and choosing the proper number
UNIT-2 DTS.pptx
The document provides information on spur gears, including definitions, types, classifications, terminology, design procedure, materials, and manufacturing methods. Some key points:
- Spur gears are circular gears with straight teeth used to transmit motion between parallel shafts.
- Gears can be classified based on shaft position, motion type, peripheral speed, tooth position, and gearing type.
- The design procedure involves calculating torque, stresses, module, teeth number, dimensions, and checking safety.
- Common materials include steel, cast iron, and bronze. Selection depends on application factors.
- Gears are manufactured through milling, generating, shaping, molding, and casting processes.
UNIT-I DTS.pptx
This document discusses the design of transmission systems. It covers various types of belt drives used to transmit power between shafts including flat belts, V-belts, circular belts, and discusses factors to consider when selecting a belt drive such as the power needs, shaft speeds and layout. It also describes types of flat belt drives, materials used for belts, and defines concepts like velocity ratio, slip and creep in belt drives.
UNIT-V FMM
The document discusses hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants. It describes how hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic and potential energy of water into mechanical energy using an impulse turbine called a Pelton wheel. The Pelton wheel has buckets that are struck by high-speed jets of water which causes the wheel to spin and power a generator to produce hydroelectricity. The document provides details on the components of a Pelton wheel like the nozzle, runner, and buckets. It also includes diagrams of a typical hydroelectric power plant layout and formulas used in calculating efficiencies and power values.
UNIT-IV FMM
1. The document discusses pumps, specifically centrifugal pumps. It defines pumps and explains that their purpose is to transfer mechanical energy into pressure or kinetic energy to lift or transfer liquids.
2. Centrifugal pumps are classified based on their mechanical principles. They work by using an impeller to impart centrifugal force on a liquid and increase pressure.
3. The key components of a centrifugal pump are described in detail, including the impeller, casing, suction pipe, strainer, foot valve, and delivery pipe. The document also explains how centrifugal pumps work and the steps involved in their operation.
UNIT-III FMM
The document discusses dimensional analysis and its applications. Dimensional analysis is a technique used in research and design to analyze the relationships between different physical quantities. It involves identifying the fundamental and derived quantities involved in a phenomenon and determining their dimensions. Dimensional analysis helps derive dimensionless parameters and homogeneous equations. It aids in testing equations, designing model experiments, and presenting results systematically. The document provides examples of applying dimensional analysis techniques like Rayleigh's and Buckingham π methods to fluid mechanics problems to determine functional relationships between variables.
UNIT-II FMM
The document discusses head loss in pipes due to friction and provides calculations using Darcy's and Chezy's formulas. It then describes two examples: (1) Calculating head loss in a 300mm diameter pipe that is 50m long with water flowing at 3m/s. (2) Finding the diameter of a pipe 2000m long with a flow rate of 200L/s and head loss of 4m using Chezy's formula with C=50. It also summarizes major energy losses from friction and minor losses from expansions, contractions, bends, and fittings.
UNIT-I FMM
Unit I discusses fluid properties and flow characteristics. It covers fluid density, viscosity, surface tension, compressibility, and vapor pressure. It also discusses the concepts of control volume and the application of continuity, energy, and momentum equations to fluid flow. Specific topics covered include density, specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, capillarity, compressibility, and vapor pressure. Several sample problems are worked through to demonstrate calculations for properties like density, specific weight, viscosity, surface tension, and capillary rise.
Unit 2 planning
The document discusses various aspects of planning including defining goals and strategies, types of plans, objectives of planning, the planning process, and management by objectives. It provides details on strategic planning, operational planning, long and short-term planning, setting objectives, the management by objectives approach, and contingency factors to consider in planning.
Unit 1 overview of management
The document provides an overview of management principles including:
- Defining management as the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources to efficiently achieve goals.
- Describing the four functions of management as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
- Explaining the different levels of management as top-level, middle-level, and lower-level/supervisory management.
Unit 5---bearings
This document discusses different types of bearings, including radial bearings which support radial loads, thrust bearings which support axial loads, and journal bearings which include full, partial, and fitted types to support shafts and rotational movement. It also mentions the design of journal bearings.
Unit 4---springs
This document discusses different types of springs and their applications. It provides information on helical springs, leaf springs, disc springs, and helical spring design. The key points are:
- Springs store and release energy through elastic deformation, returning to their original shape after loading. Common applications include automobiles, trains, valves, and watches.
- Helical springs can be open or closed coil and are made of wire coiled into a helix. Leaf springs use stacked flat plates. Disc springs use stacked discs.
- Springs cushion impacts, absorb/store energy, apply/control forces and motions. Helical spring design considers factors like wire diameter, coil diameter, and number of coils.
Unit 3---knuckle joint--
A knuckle joint connects two rods under tensile loads. It consists of a forked or double eye rod, a single eye rod, and a knuckle pin. The joint allows a small angular movement of one rod relative to the other. Applications include elevator chains and valve rods. It allows rods subjected to tensile and compressive forces to connect and disconnect while accommodating some angular movement.
More from Aravind Ra (20)
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Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
This ppt gives detailed description of Object Oriented Analysis and design.
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
CalArts毕业证学历书【微信95270640】CalArts毕业证’圣力嘉学院毕业证《Q微信95270640》办理CalArts毕业证√文凭学历制作{CalArts文凭}购买学历学位证书本科硕士,CalArts毕业证学历学位证【实体公司】办毕业证、成绩单、学历认证、学位证、文凭认证、办留信网认证、（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）
(诚招代理)办理国外高校毕业证成绩单文凭学位证,真实使馆公证（留学回国人员证明）真实留信网认证国外学历学位认证雅思代考国外学校代申请名校保录开请假条改GPA改成绩ID卡
1.高仿业务:【本科硕士】毕业证,成绩单（GPA修改）,学历认证（教育部认证）,大学Offer,,ID,留信认证,使馆认证,雅思,语言证书等高仿类证书；
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1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
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-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
（详情请加一下 文凭顾问+微信:95270640）欢迎咨询！子小伍玩小伍比山娃小一岁虎头虎脑的很霸气父亲让山娃跟小伍去夏令营听课山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交元时父亲犹豫了山娃也说爸算了吧咱学校一学期才转
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering PROJECT REPORT ON SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING
AT MBB AIRPORT
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Gas agency management system project report.pdf
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
一比一原版(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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Unit 5
- 1. Inventory control and recent trends in PPC Unit-4
- 2. Inventory control • Inventory Control is the supervision of supply, storage and accessibility of items in order to ensure an adequate supply without excessive oversupply. • It can also be referred as internal control - an accounting procedure or system designed to promote efficiency or assure the implementation of a policy or safeguard assets or avoid fraud and error etc. • Inventory control may refer to: – In economics, the inventory control problem, which aims to reduce overhead cost without hurting sales – In the field of loss prevention, systems designed to introduce technical barriers to shoplifting – It answers the 3 basic questions of any supply chain: 1. When? 2. Where? 3. How much?
- 3. Purpose of holding stock • Safety stock is the amount of inventory a business carries over and above their calculations for actual need. ie, a packaging company maintains enough plastic to manufacture packaging ordered by customers in the amount needed until their next shipment of plastic arrives. • But, because orders vary and shipping times vary, the company decides to keep 5% more on hand than likely to be needed. This extra 5% is safety stock.
- 4. Effect of demand of inventories
- 5. Robust method for reducing demand inventory variation
- 6. Two bin system • Two bin system is used for the material control. • It is that technique of material control in which we have two bins, one is used for in use minimum stock and second bin is used for reserve stock or to keep the remaining quantity of material. • This system of inventory control is also called in USA kanban. • First bin is utilized for issuing the material for production and then, second bin is used. Its record is done on bin cards and store ledger card.
- 7. Order cycle
- 8. EOQ • Economic order quantity (EOQ) is the classical inventory model for stock held on cycle with assumptions of known demand and production lead time. The objective is to select an order quantity that minimizes the marginal annual costs for holding inventory and placing orders.
- 10. ABC analysis • The ABC analysis is a business term used to define an inventory categorization technique often used in materials management. It is also known as Selective Inventory Control. Policies based on ABC analysis: • A ITEMS: very tight control and accurate records • B ITEMS: LESS TIGHTLY CONTROLLED and good records • C ITEMS: simplest controls possible and minimal records
- 15. MRP-II • Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) is defined as a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. Ideally, it addresses operational planning in units, financial planning, and has a simulation capability to answer "what- if" questions and extension of closed-loop MRP.