Edward I (1272-1307) was known as a formidable warrior king who sought to expand English territory. After becoming king in 1272, he vowed not to wear his crown until Wales and Scotland were conquered. He defeated Llywelyn ap Gruffyd in Wales, establishing English rule, and brutally executed Welsh rebels. Edward then invaded Scotland in 1296, declaring himself king, but lacked funds to maintain control as Scottish rebellions emerged led by William Wallace and Robert the Bruce. To raise money, Edward called the first Model Parliament in 1295, establishing its role in approving royal taxation.

1. Unit 4.3 Edward I 1272-1307
Medieval Kinghship

2. Words to learn
Terminology Definition
Homage Annual payment (yearly) from a vessel to a lord to show
loyalty
Prince Of Wales The title granted (since Edward I to the heir to the english
throne)
Treason A crime against your own people, nation or monarch
Hang, drawn or quartered A gruesome execution often against the treasons
Stone of Destiny A large block of sandstone historically used for the
coronation of Scottish monarchs
Parliament A collection of ppl representing all England often approve
or refuse law

3. Map of Scotland and Wales

4. Edward I personality
• His height is 6 feet 2 inches and
known as ‘long shank’ or long
legs.
• The Charismatic Edward I was
welcomed by the English people
despite he was smeared with
dirty deeds of his father Henry
III and his grandfather King
John.
• His good looks, booming voice
and loving marriage to his
Spanish Queen Eleanor of
Castile who bore him 16
children.

5. Edward I and his war experience
• Edwards father , Henry III
(Son of John) spent too
much of his reign fighting
with his barons
• Edward was raised in the
battlefield and at the age
of 24, he won a great
victory for his father at
the Battle of Evesham
• Edward to be known as
more adventures as he
embarked crusades to the
holy land

6. Why did Edward I ended his journey in
Holy land?
• While on crusade, in
the city of Acre in 1272,
as assassin tried to kill
him in his sleep. He
killed the assassin but
he was stabbed with a
poison dagger upon the
struggle and nearly
died.
• In that same year, he
received news that his
father Henry III was
dead and his return is
demanded to become
the new king of England

7. Edward I’s coronation and his swear
• Edward I could also be
cruel and ruthless. His
father and grandfather
had lost lands in Wales
and Scotland.
• During his coronation,
Edward removed his
crown and claim that he
wouldn’t wear it again
until these lands being
reclaimed

8. Who was Llywelyn ap Gruffyd
(lie-well-in-up-gru-fit)
• Wales was ruled by many
princes since Norman
invasion. They were
expected to pay homage
(loyalty pay) to the King Of
England.
• Llywelyn ap Gruffyd had
taken control the whole
Wales and name himself
Prince of Wales.
• He did not pay homage to
Edward I and did not
attend his coronation.
• For Edward I , this meant
war.

9. Fighting for independence of Wales
• Edward invaded Wales
and defeated Llywelyn in
1277, stripped him off his
power but spared his life.
• But the war broke again
in 1282. This time
Llywelyn was killed in the
battle and his head was
taken to London and put
on spike near castle for
15 years.

10. Fighting for independence of Wales
• Llywelyn’s brother, Dafyyd
continued fighting for
independence of Wales but he was
captured and accused of treason
• His horrible new death was used
for his execution.
• Daffyd was dragged through the
street of London using horse until
its nearly death, while still alive, he
was disemboweled and his entrails
was burnt infront of him. After he
died, his body was cut into 4 pieces
which were sent around England
• The execution became known as
hanged, drawn and quartered

11. The new Prince of Wales
• By 1283, Edward had
conquered Wales and
he built many
enormous castles
around the country
and made his son as
the new Prince Of
Wales. (known as
Edward the
Middleham)

12. Conquest of Scotland
• In Scotland, the King Balliol was
too refuse to pay king’s
homage.
• In 1296, Edward took his army
to invade Scotland and declared
himself as king of England and
Scotland
• He took only 21 days to conquer
Scotland. Slaughtering Scottish
rebels and gained his name as
“Hammer of the Scots”
• King Balliol was stripped off his
crown and Edward took Stone
of Destiny and placed it in
Westminster Abbey in London

13. The fate of Scotland
• However Edward was quickly ran
out of money, and did not have the
funds to keep control of his newly
conquered Scotland.
• Rebellion broke out once more led
by William Wallace (charismatic
Scottish leader) and he was too
sentence with death as hanged,
drawn and quartered.
• After Wallace, Scotland was ruled
by Robert the Bruce yet he was too
killed by Edward in a battle.
• Scotland remained independence
for the next 400 years.

14. The Model Parliament
• To raise money for his
campaign. Edward called for
parliament to meet in
Westminster in 1295.
• 2 elected representative
from each county were
attend along with bishops
and noblemen.
• In the meeting, Edward
asking for the their
agreement to be taxed to
gain Wales and Scotland.
• Edward I’s parliament
became the model for all the
future kings.

15. Parliament today
• An today,
parliament
became a place
to discuss
about rules
and only be
approved by
the congress if
its agreed by
the majority
support by the
members of
parliament