2. 1. Ecosystems
A place and the organisms that live in this
place form an ecosystem.
BIOTOPE
Includes all the non-
living things in an
ecosystem (soil, water,
stonesā¦)
BIOCOENOSIS
Includes all the living
things in an ecosystem
(plants, animalsā¦)
The living things that live in an ecosystem form
GROUPS
POPULATION
It`s a group of animals of the
same species that live
together
COMMUNITY
It`s a group of different
species that live in the same
place
3. In an ecosystem, we can classify the
relationships between individual
organisms.
Intraspeciļ¬c
relationships
Relationships between
individual members of
the same species.
Interspeciļ¬c
relationships
Relationships between
individual members of
diļ¬erent species.
4. 2. Trophic relationships
Trophic relationships are the relationship
between the organisms that eat and the
organisms that are eaten.
PRODUCERS:
They produce
their own food.
Ex. Plants.
PRIMARY
CONSUMERS:
They eat plants
(herbivores)
Ex. caterpillar
DECOMPOSERS:
They break down
dead organisms.
Ex. Fungi and
SECONDARY
CONSUMERS:
They eat
herbivores
(carnivores)
Ex. Praying
mantis
TERTIARY
CONSUMERS:
They eat carnivores
(carnivores)
Ex. owl
6. 3. The classification of
ecosystems
TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS
NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
- no human activity
- the biotope isn`t altered.
ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEMS:
- human activity
- the biotope is altered.
Artificial ecosystems
include
cities, towns, villages and
artificial aquatic
ecosystems,
such as reservoirs or
garden
1. Terrestrial ecosystems
2. Aquatic ecosystems
9. 4. The biosphere
The biosphere is all of the
ecosystems on the Earth. It
includes the oceans, the land, the
atmosphere and all the living things
on the planet.
10. HABITAT: Is the place where a population
lives. In an ecosystem we can find many
habitats.
Habitats can be aquatic or terrestrial.
BIOME: Is a group of ecosystems that
have similar geographic and climatic
conditions.
11. Individual
Individual
Group of different species
Group of animals of the
same species
Place where a population
lives
A place and the
organisms that live in it
All of the
ecosystems
on the
Earth
A group of
ecosystems.
12. 5. Changes to ecosystems
Ecosystems change. Sometimes the
changes are natural, but sometimes
they are caused by human activity.
NATURAL CHANGES CHANGES CAUSED BY
HUMANS
-Seasonal changes
- Fires because of
hot summers
-Pollution
-Overfishing
-Forest fires
-Deforestation