The document defines an ecosystem as a group of organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. It describes the key components of an ecosystem as including biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as abiotic factors like climate and soil. Ecosystems can be classified as terrestrial like grasslands, forests, and deserts, or aquatic like marine and freshwater ecosystems. The organisms in an ecosystem are dependent on each other and have adapted to their environment to benefit from the resources available.

1. By Gracy wadwani
BBA – 2nd sem

2. The term ecosystem was first proposed by A.G.
Tansley in 1935 . An ecosystem is a group of
organisms . Living specific environment .
Ecosystem are usually seen to be definete ,
discrete system but they may be permeable to
outside influence s .
An ecosystem is a community of plants ,
animals , birds and other organisms as well as
the vitamins and minerals and energy sources
that keep them alive .

3.  “A group of organisms interacting among
themselves and with environment is know as
ecosystem’’
 Thus an ecosystem is a community of
different species interacting with one other
and another and with their non-living
environment exchanging energy and matter

4.  The organisms that live in an ecosystem are
dependent on each other , and their action
and lives impact on each other’s lives .
 Ecosystem are able to change and Evolve-
indeed evolution is one reason why we have
distinct ecosystem in the first place .
 The organisms in an ecosystem have adapted
to their environments . They live in such a
way as to draw the most benefit from the
environment .

5.  Ecosystem can be classified into two types ;-
1.Terrestrial ecosystem
2.Aquatic ecosystem
 TERRISTRIAL ECOSYSTEM – Ecosystem on the
surface of land are exclusively terrestrial . There
are various terristrial ecosystem .the following
are few example .
1. Grass-lands ecosystem
2. Forest ecosystem
3. Desert ecosystem

6.  AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM – Aquatic ecosystem
consist of ecosystem that live in water aquatic
ecosystem fall into two categories .
1. Marine ecosystem
2. Fresh-water ecosystem

7.  An ecosystem has two major components –
1. Biotic ( living ) components – the examples
plant ,animals and micro-organisms .
-- CLASSIFICATION OF BIOTIC COMPONENTS --
i) Producers (Autotrophs)
ii) Consumers (Heterotrophs)
 Primary consumers or herbivores or plant eaters
 Secondary consumers or primary carnivores os
Meat eaters
 Tertiary consumers or secondary carnivores

8.  iii) Decomposers – Decomposers attacks the
dead bodies of producers
and consumers and decompose them into
simpler compound. During the decomposition
inorganic nutrients are released .
2. ABIOTIC (NON-LIVING) COMPONENTS :- The
non-living components of ecosystem from a
community called . Abiotic components or
abiotic community .Ex- climate ,soil ,etc.

9.  It is crucial to nourish all the ecosystem on
the planet and not to interfere in them in an
ignorant or destructive manner . Whatever
kind of ecosystems that we live by they
should be treated with care and respect .this
is are crucial for maitaining biodiversity .for
and also for regulating the landscope and
climate .
 The world’s ecosystem are complex ,
beautiful and vitally important phenomena
,safe-Gurading them is a responsibility that
belong to us all .