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Unit 2: The formation of the Earth’s
Relief
In this unit we are going to study the formation
of the relief of the Earth.
The Earth’s
Relief
Process of
Formation
Process of
Erosion
Internal Forces External Forces
• Continental Drift
• Tectonic Plates
• Orogeny
• Volcanoes
• Earthquakes
• Erosion, transport and
deposition
• Water (rainfall, rivers,
seas…)
• Wind
• Plants
• Human Beings
Landforms
1. What is the Continental Drift?
• Continental drift (deriva continental) is a
theory that says that the continents have been
moving (or drifting) all along the geological
eras.
Click on the image
Extra information: this theory
was developed by Alfred
Wegener in 1912.
2. What are the tectonic plates?
• Tectonic plates are the different blocks in
which the lithosphere is divided.
• They can move apart or collide, creating or
destroying relief.
• They are responsible of the creation of
mountains (orogeny), volcanoes and
earthquakes.
Extra information: lithosphere is a layer of the
Earth that is made up of the crust and the upper
part of the mantle.
Extra information: Why do the Tectonic
plates move?
There are many theories but they are not totally clear
and confirmed yet.
One says that it happens because of the convective
movement of the mantle (which is hot and liquid).
Other theory says that it happens because of the
attraction forces (tidal forces) of the Sun and the Moon.
And we can not forget that the Earth is spinning at a
speed of 220 km/sec approx., that the lithosphere is
divided in many parts called tectonic plates and that
this tectonic plates are floating on the mantle.
Tectonic Plates
Oceanic Ridge
(Dorsal oceánica)
3. Cross-section of the Earth’s relief
Rift of Iceland
Mariana Trench (11.034 m of depth)
What are the parts of a volcano?
1. Gases
2. Rocks
3. Lava
4. Crater
5. Molten magma
6. Side Vent
3. Cone
Mount Etna
El Volcán de Sta Margarita es uno de los más importantes del
sector, de 682 metros de altitud y su boca tiene un perímetro
de 2.000 metros. En el centro del llano formado por el cráter
se encuentra la Iglesia de Santa Margarita, de origen
románico. Su última erupción data de hace 11.000 años
Richter Scale
Seismograph
4. Landforms
• Study the
landforms from
your flashcards
(See the next presentation)

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Unit 2 (part 1): The formation of Earth's relief

  • 1. Unit 2: The formation of the Earth’s Relief In this unit we are going to study the formation of the relief of the Earth.
  • 2. The Earth’s Relief Process of Formation Process of Erosion Internal Forces External Forces • Continental Drift • Tectonic Plates • Orogeny • Volcanoes • Earthquakes • Erosion, transport and deposition • Water (rainfall, rivers, seas…) • Wind • Plants • Human Beings Landforms
  • 3. 1. What is the Continental Drift? • Continental drift (deriva continental) is a theory that says that the continents have been moving (or drifting) all along the geological eras. Click on the image Extra information: this theory was developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912.
  • 4.
  • 5. 2. What are the tectonic plates? • Tectonic plates are the different blocks in which the lithosphere is divided. • They can move apart or collide, creating or destroying relief. • They are responsible of the creation of mountains (orogeny), volcanoes and earthquakes. Extra information: lithosphere is a layer of the Earth that is made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
  • 6. Extra information: Why do the Tectonic plates move? There are many theories but they are not totally clear and confirmed yet. One says that it happens because of the convective movement of the mantle (which is hot and liquid). Other theory says that it happens because of the attraction forces (tidal forces) of the Sun and the Moon. And we can not forget that the Earth is spinning at a speed of 220 km/sec approx., that the lithosphere is divided in many parts called tectonic plates and that this tectonic plates are floating on the mantle.
  • 8.
  • 10. 3. Cross-section of the Earth’s relief
  • 11.
  • 13. Mariana Trench (11.034 m of depth)
  • 14. What are the parts of a volcano? 1. Gases 2. Rocks 3. Lava 4. Crater 5. Molten magma 6. Side Vent 3. Cone
  • 16. El Volcán de Sta Margarita es uno de los más importantes del sector, de 682 metros de altitud y su boca tiene un perímetro de 2.000 metros. En el centro del llano formado por el cráter se encuentra la Iglesia de Santa Margarita, de origen románico. Su última erupción data de hace 11.000 años
  • 18. 4. Landforms • Study the landforms from your flashcards (See the next presentation)