The document discusses the key components needed for an efficient and smoothly running city, including those who control safety, where people live and get energy, how they move throughout the city and communicate, what buildings and land are needed, and how trash is disposed of. It then prompts exploring additional components like water storage, controlling entry and exits, and using solar energy. The second part provides instructions for drawing a blueprint of an ideal city with different structures and their locations.

1. EXPLORE!
• What are the main things you think every city needs to
run smoothly and efficiently?
• Who controls the city’s safety?
• Where do people live?
• How do people move throughout the city?
• How do we communicate with each other and
the outside world?
• What buildings do you have?
• What is the best type of land to build on?
• How do we get rid of trash and wastes?
• Where do people get energy?
• How do we eat?

2. EXPLORE!
– Step 2: Draw your own blueprint for your
ideal city (all the different structures, their
locations, size etc) on the paper given to
you with your table group.

3. What are Cells?
1. Simplest form of life that make up all living things!
2. Many different types
3. Found in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and protists
4. Provide structural support
5. Make the chemicals needed for reactions in the body
6. Hold all of our genes

4. What are Organelles?
• “Tiny Organs” = Organelle!
• Each have SPECIFIC role or job in
the cell
• Functions range from
transporting material to
controlling what the cell makes

5. The Cell is like a City!
• Things in a city have
specific jobs. Same thing
in a cell!
• All of the different parts
of a city need to work
together for success.
Same thing in a cell!

6. The Nucleus
• Control center of the cell
– Determines what each cell makes
– It looks like a small ball in the middle
of the cell.
• HOLDS DNA!  provides genetic
information to make proper proteins
• Cell city: City hall (mayor’s office) 
controls what goes on!
• Bank  holds our valuables!

7. Mitochondria
• Provides energy for the cell
• Tiny bean-shaped structures
with a smooth outer
membrane and a folded inner
membrane
• Cell city: Power plant 
gives the cell power and
energy to do its work!

8. Ribosomes
• Make proteins!
• What do proteins do?
– 1. Structure
– 2. Enzymes
• Small sand-like structures that are
dotted throughout the cell (or on
the Endoplasmic Reticulum, which
we will discuss soon)
Cell city:
• Construction company  build
important material
• Farmers  provide food and supplies
for everyone to live

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Network of tube-like passageways
where proteins from the ribosomes
are transported around the cell
• Teaches proteins how to fold
correctly.
– Smooth ER has no ribosomes
attached to it.
– Rough ER has ribosomes attached
to it (like sandpaper folded
together)
• Cell city: Highway system 
movement within the cell
• School  teaches proteins

10. Golgi Apparatus
• Packages proteins and fats
in the cell and ships them
outside the cell
– Looks like a stack of
pancakes or flattened
basketball and usually
found near the ER.
• Cell city: Post Office 
packages materials before
they head outside the cell.

11. Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like material where all
the organelles sit in
• Cell city: Ground
(Concrete/Grass)  support
for all of the organelles in
the cell

12. Explore
• We talked about some things we need to make a
successful city, but we are missing a few things:
– Where would you store the water for the town?
– How would you control who goes in and out of
the city?
– Do you need a wall around the city?
– If you’re looking into using solar energy (energy
from the sun), what would you use?

13. Cell Membrane
• Thin, flexible layer that surrounds the
cell and separates it from the outside
world.
– It allows the cell to change its
shape and controls what goes in
and out of the cell
• Made of lipids (phospholipid bilayer)
• Cell city: City border/limits
because it controls what goes inside
and outside the cell.

14. Cell Wall
• Tough, usually rigid layer that
surrounds the entire cell in
PLANTS and BACTERIA!
– Made of a complex
carbohydrate called cellulose
• Gives plant cells their square
shape and makes sure too much
water doesn’t go into the cell!
• Cell city: city wall

15. Vacuole
• Large sac that holds water
and wastes in plant cells
• Important for plant cell
structure
• Cell city: water tower
in a city, which stores
water!

16. Lysosome
• Breaks down cell waste
using strong enzymes
• Cell city: Garbage
dump of the cell
because it gets rid of
the cells garbage!

17. Chloroplast
• Organelle that creates food for
the plant using solar (sun)
energy!
• Found in all plants and many
types of bacteria, but NOT in
animals
• Cell city: Solar panels,
which get energy from the sun!

18. Centrioles
• Play an important role in cell
division
– They make spindle fibers,
which allow the
chromosomes (DNA) to
separate in two!
• Cell city: train stations and
the spindle fibers are like train
tracks!

19. Cytoskeleton
• Framework (or skeleton)
within cells that provides
support and maintains cell
shape
• Cell City:
scaffolding/metal
framework within
buildings

20. Big Idea
• Prokaryotes are simple
and don’t have organelles
• Eukaryotes are complex
and have several
organelles (that you
already learned about!)

21. Cells come in an amazing variety of
shapes and sizes. Some are small and
simple; others are large and complex.
But, all cells have a few things in
common:
1.Living
2.Enclosed by some sort of
membrane
3.DNA as genetic material

23. 2 Types of Cells: Prokaryotic vs.
Eukaryotic
•Prokaryotic •Eukaryotic cell:
cells: no has organelles
organelles (like (nucleus!)
the nucleus!)

24. Prokaryotes
• Does NOT contain its
genetic material (DNA)
inside a nucleus
(organelle).
• Usually smaller and
simpler than eukaryotes
without organelles
(single cells)

25. Eukaryotes
• Contains its genetic
material inside a
nucleus.
• Complex with
many organelles

26. Examples!
Prokaryote Eukaryote
• All plants and
• Bacteria (most animals!
common) • Anything multi-
• Always single-celled cellular (some
organisms single)

27. Viruses
• Tiny, nonliving particle made of proteins
and nucleic acids.
• Has some characteristics of living things
but cannot reproduce on its own
 NOT living.

28. Prokaryote or
Eukaryote?
• What do you see that is
different about these two
cells? List everything that
you see that is different in a
CELL A Venn Diagram. What do
you see that is the same
about the cells? List
everything that is the same
in the space in the middle
(overlapping) of the Venn
Diagram.
• Which cell is prokaryotic?
Which is eukaryotic?
CELL B

29. Venn Diagram