Unit 12: Conditional 1
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This document discusses the structure and use of conditional type 1 sentences in English. Conditional type 1 sentences are used to talk about the possible consequences of present or future actions using the structure "if + present tense, future with will". Some examples are given such as "If the customer doesn’t demand action, you’ll have to suggest a solution" and "If we ask the customers for feedback, we can find out what they want." Conditional type 1 sentences are also used to explain terms and conditions using language like "If you are not fully satisfied with this product, we will refund your money."
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This document discusses comparatives and superlatives. It explains that comparatives compare two items using -er, while superlatives compare multiple items using -est. It provides rules for forming regular comparatives and superlatives based on the number of syllables in the adjective. Examples are given to demonstrate the use of comparatives with than or without than, and superlatives usually use the. Watchouts are also listed, such as not using both -er and more in a comparative.
Gerunds and infinitives grammar unit #8
This document discusses the use of gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It provides examples of verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives, as well as verbs that require a specific construction. Some verbs can take either a gerund or infinitive, while others like "would like" and "would love" are always followed by infinitives. Prepositions are also discussed, with examples showing they are followed by gerunds. Overall, the document outlines rules for using gerunds and infinitives correctly after different types of verbs.
Gerunds and infinitives grammar unit #8
This document discusses the differences between gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. It provides examples of verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives, as well as some verbs that can be followed by either. Some key points are that gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" and infinitives are "to" plus the base verb form. Certain verbs like "like" and "would love" are always followed by infinitives, while prepositions are always followed by gerunds. The document aims to clarify the proper uses of gerunds and infinitives.
Indirect questions
Indirect questions are used to soften direct questions and make them more polite. They involve changing the word order of the embedded question compared to a simple question. For example, "Where has Tom gone?" would become "Do you know where Tom has gone?". Yes/no questions in an indirect form use "if" or "whether" instead of auxiliary verbs. Indirect questions are used when the speaker wants a softer tone, such as asking for information politely.
Typographical clues and punctuation marks
The document discusses various typographical clues and punctuation marks that are used in writing. It explains that typography is used to visually organize information and hierarchy ideas in a way that makes relationships obvious. Specific typographical clues mentioned include headings, fonts, symbols, and punctuation marks. Various punctuation marks such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, colons, quotation marks, ellipses, and italics are then defined and examples of their uses are provided. The document concludes that typographical signs can be used for statement, exemplification, clarification and other purposes.
Good reader
The document discusses the relationship between reading ability and enjoyment. It states that becoming a better reader requires having more exposure to language through different contexts and active vocabulary building. It also discusses schema theory and the role of background knowledge in reading comprehension. According to schema theory, comprehension is an interactive process between the text and a reader's world knowledge and experiences. The more background knowledge a reader has that is relevant to a text, the easier it will be to understand.
Grammar unit 9 read_and_writ
The document discusses the passive voice in English. The passive voice focuses on the recipient of the action rather than the doer. It is formed by using some form of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb. For the present perfect passive, "have/has been" is used, while for the past perfect passive "had been" is used. The passive voice is useful when the doer is unknown, a general group is doing the action, or the focus should be on the recipient rather than the doer. Examples are provided to illustrate active and passive voice constructions.
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Unit 12: Conditional 1
- 2. Conditional 1 Take a look at these sentences. • If the customer doesn’t demand action, you’ll have to suggest a solution. • If it is a difficult person, you probably won’t find a solution. • If we make a mistake, we’ll correct it. • If we ask the customers for feedback, we can find out what they want. • Most people will be satisfied if you apologize. • If you can’t replace the product, will you give me a refund?
- 3. This is the structure of a Conditional 1 sentence If + present tense, future with will If + present tense, can / can’t / could / couldn’t
- 4. We use the Conditional 1 to say what we think the future consequence of an action will be. I’ll try to help you if you explain the problem. Action: You explain the problem. Consequence: I’ll try to help.
- 5. We also use the Conditional 1 to explain the terms of a contract. If you are not fully satisfied with this product, we will refund your money.
- 6. If the result is not certain, we use can or could instead of will. If management doesn’t give us the budget we need, we can have problems.
Editor's Notes
- There are some commas separating the clauses. Which statements have a comma? (the ones that start with if) If clauses can come at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.