2. Learning Targets
*I can explain and analyze the ggooaallss aanndd oouuttccoommeess
of the late 19th and early 20th century reform
movements of Progressivism.
*I can evaluate the significance of uurrbbaann rreeffoorrmmss,,
bbuussiinneessss aanndd aannttiittrruusstt lleeggiissllaattiioonn, ppuubblliicc
eedduuccaattiioonn, and the rreegguullaattiioonn ooff cchhiilldd llaabboorr.
3. Theodore Roosevelt and reforms
Restored presidency as a republican
progressive reformer.
1902
Created a bipartisan coalition of liberal reformers
whose objective was to restrain the corporate
monopoly and promote economic competition.
Promise of a “square deal”
Enforcement of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
– 1890-Illegal for an industry to control the entire
production and distribution of goods.
4. Changes in Government
Primary elections
Initiative, referendum and recall
17th Amendment-Direct election of Senators
Rooting out political bosses
Elected officials for state and local governments
Robert LaFollette, Charles Evans Hughes,
Woodrow Wilson.
Significant state reformers
5. 1904 Election
Roosevelt promised to reform corporate flaws
but not interfere with monetary policy or tariffs.
– “Trust buster”
Hepburn Act and Elkins Act (1906)
Gave “teeth” to the Interstate Commerce Act
of 1887
Extended power over more industries
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and
transportation of bad food or fraudulent
labeled food
6. Acts and Policies Cont.
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Federal inspections in meat packing facilities.
Anti-Trust policies
Roosevelt ordered Justice department to bring
indictments against 25 monopolies
Department of Commerce and Labor
Address concerns of business and labor
7. Social and Cultural Developments
Progressive Reforms
Series of reform causes designed to address
specific social, economic, and political problems.
Middle-class wanted to correct wrong-doings,
moderate reformers.
Honest government, economic regulation,
environmental conservation, labor recognition,
new political structures, end to child labor, prison
reform, and many more!!!
Some also called for gender and racial equality.
Muckrakers
Investigative journalists and authors.
McClure's, Collier's , Cosmopolitan
“The Shame of the Cities”-Steffens
“History of the Standard Oil Company”-Tarbell
8. Politics
16th Amendment
1909-graduated income tax
Mann-Elins Act
Extended regulatory function of I.C.C. Over cable
and wireless companies, and telephone and
telegraph lines. Begin own court proceedings,
and suspend questionable rates.
Election of 1912
Most dramatic in American History!!
Progressive Party (Bull Moose)
Teddy Roosevelt- “New Nationalism”
Called for Federal Trade Commission
9. Wilson and the Progressive
Movement
1913: reduction of tariff, reform of banks and
currency laws, improvements in anti-trust laws.
Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act of 1913
Average rates reduced, included graduated
income tax
Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Stability in banking and currency supply
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Strengthened Sherman Anti-trust Act
Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
Prohibit unfair trade
10. New Nationalism
Progressive Party dissolved after 1912
Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916
Farm mortgage loans at reasonable rates
Child Labor Act of 1916
Regulated labor force
Adamson Act of 1916
Mandated 8 hour work day-railroads
Kerr-McGillicuddy Act of 1916
Workmen's comp
11. Social Issues
Segregation in government agencies
W.E.B. DuBois-founded NAACP
William Trotter-led protest delegation to D.C.
Wilson viewed as not sensitive to African
American rights
National American Woman Suffrage Association
Wilson said suffrage should be controlled by
states-later changes view and supports 19th.
Immigration
Wilson opposed immigration restrictions
Vetoed literacy test (1917 overrode by Congress)
