Open Science in Europe - policies and infrastructures: a user journey in OpenAIRE services and EOSC
1. OpenScienceinEurope– policies&infrastructures
a user journey in OpenAIRE services and EOSC
PedroPríncipe
UniversityofMinho.OpenAIRESupportOfficer.
OpenAIRE Workshop Israel, Bar-Ilan University, November 19, 2019
5. FOSTER defines Open Science (OS) as the practice of
science in such a way that others can collaborate and
contribute, where research data, lab notes and other
research processes are freely available, under terms
that enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction of
the research and its underlying data and methods.
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/learning/what-is-open-science/
What is Open Science
5
6. Open Science is here to stay:
the sooner we embrace its
principles, the better.
“Thequestion isnolonger „if‟we
should haveopen access.The
question isabout „how‟weshould
develop itfurther andpromote it.”
NeelieKroes(2011)
LennartMartens,PaolaMasuzzo(2017)
Open Innovation, Open Science, Open to the World
Carlos Moedas (2015)
9. Promote the progress of research and science.
To make science more
efficient, transparent, trustable and reproducible
Open Science – Why?
10. Open Science: Scientific progress - Emergency science
www.nytimes.com/2010/08/13/health/research/
13alzheimer.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
11. Open Science: Validate, Correct Results, Combat fraud
www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2013/apr/18/uncovered-error-george-osborne-austerity
12. Open Science: improve and promote reproducibility
Begley, C. G. & Ellis, L.
M. Nature 483, 531-533 (2012).
13. Two main routes toward Open Access to publications
The article is immediately in open access mode,
through the publisher.
Self-archiving
(‚green‘ open access)
The published article or the final peer reviewed
manuscript is uploaded in an online repository.
Open access publishing
(‚gold‘ open access)
"By 'open access’ to [research] literature we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other
lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.”
[Budapest Open Access Initiative]
14. Open Access to publications
How to choose an suitable
Open Access journal
How to find a suitable repository
for your publications
Not sure if your publisher allows self-archiving?
https://vimeo.com/151882443
16. Open Access in the world: where are we?
More repositories (from <200 to> 3500)
More OA journals (from <500 to> 9300)
More OA policies (from research institutions
and science funding agencies)
The progress of Open Access in
the last decade was remarkable!
Growth of the number of repositories, and
the number of documents in the repositories
Growth of the number of open access
journals
Open Access policies and mandates of
universities and funding bodies
Recent Evolution of Open Access
to publications
20. Open Science policies: the evolution of the EU funding
programmes for R&I
FP7
Open Access Pilot
Deposit and open
access
H2020
OA Mandatory
Deposit and open
access
& Open Research
Data / DMP Pilot
H2020
OA Mandatory
Deposit and open
access
& ORD/DMP by
default
(opt-out)
Horizon
Europe
• OA Mandatory
• Deposit and open
access
• DMP + FAIR data
Mandatory
• OD by default (opt-
out)
• & Open Science
embedded
23. “Ensure open access…
as soon as possible and at the latest on publication,
deposit a machine-readable electronic copy of the
published version or final peer-reviewed manuscript
accepted for publication in a repository for
scientific publications together with
bibliographic metadata providing the name of the
action, acronym & grant number”
24. Authors are free to choose between the two main
and non-exclusive routes toward Open Access
The article is immediately in open access mode,
through the publisher. The associated costs are
covered by the author/institution/funder.
Self-archiving
(‚green‘ open access)
The published article or the final peer reviewed
manuscript is uploaded in an online repository –
access is often delayed (‚embargo period‘)
Open access publishing
(‚gold‘ open access)
The article must always be deposited in a repository,
even if the gold route has been choosen.
25. • Institutional repository
• Disciplinary (arXiv, Europe PubMed Central…)
• Or use Zenodo.org: EC-cofounded, multidisciplinary, free
repository
Wheretodeposit?
• The Directories of Open Access Repositories:
• sV2.herpa.ac.uk/opendoar
• roar.eprints.org
• Explore.openaire.eu
where what when
27. • SHERPA/ROMEO: www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo
• Overview of copyright policies and self-archiving
permissions
Checkpublisherspolicies
What can I deposit?
where what when
29. When should I deposit?
As soon as possible, and at the latest on publication
When should open access be provided?
• Immediately or
• After embargo period:
• at most 6 months (12 months for publications in the social sciences and humanities)*
*EC’s model amendment to publishing agreements:
http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/other/hi/oa-pilot/h2020-oa-
guide-model-for-publishing-a_en.pdf
where what when
30. Researcher
decides where
to publish
Check publishers
policies on
www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo
Open Access Journals:
doaj.org
Self-archive in repository
Check for Article
Processing Charges
Subscription-based
journal
Immediate OA
Immediate or
delayed OA
31. • Both for OA journals AND subscriptions-based journals
that offer the possibility of making individual articles
openly accessible (hybrid journals)
Yes
but…
• Are eligible for reimbursement during the duration of the action.
AreArticleProcessingCharges(APCs)supported?
32. Average APCs APCsvarywidely
Average:
• 1378 €1 - 1 978 €2
• 1186 / 1 754 € (OA journal) - 2 280 € (hybrid journal)3
• 1 479 € (OA journal) – 2 493 € (hybrid journal)4
1. Open access central funds in UK universities. Learned Publishing, [online] 25(2). Pinfield, S., and Middleton, C., 2012
2. Figure 1: APC pricing distribution. Article processing charges (APCs) and subscriptions. Shamash , K. , 2016
3. A study of open access journals using article processing charges. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(8), pp.1485–1495. Solomon, D.J., and Björk, B.-C., 2012
4. https://treemaps.intact-project.org/page/about.html
Information on APCs per publisher and journal
openAPC project
Both types of OA publication cost can be reimbursed in
H2020 projects. Currently, there is no price-cap for APCs.
33. 1. Publishing all articles in APC based gold OA is not probably the
right solution, as this can lead to asubstantial amount of the
overall project budget.
Therefore, a mixed strategy of GREEN/GOLD open access is
highly recommended.
2. The growing openaccess market comes with some challenges
• Lots of new journals/publishers, some of questionable quality (‚predatory journals‘,
http://scholarlyoa.com/publishers/)
Some caution is needed when publishing, this holds for all journals.
Consult ‚white lists‘ such as DOAJ.
Some issues to consider
34. •Ifabeneficiary breaches anyofitsobligations, the
grantmaybereduced (Article 43)anditmayalsolead
toanyoftheother measuresdescribed inChapter 6
oftheGeneral Model GrantAgreement.
What are the consequences for non-
compliance with OA requirements?
http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/mga/gga/h2020-mga-gga-multi_en.pdf
39. To make the research data generated
by Horizon 2020 projects accessible
with as few restrictions as possible,
while at the same time protecting
sensitive data from inappropriate
access.
Information already paid for by
the public should not be paid for
again. Open data is data that is
free to access and reuse
EC
Open Research Data Pilot: aims
41. DATA, including metadata,
needed to validate the results in
scientific publications.
Other data, including metadata,
as specified in the Data
Management Plan.
Open Research Data policy requirements
Horizon 2020 grantees are encouraged to also share datasets beyond publication
42. Write, and keep up-to-date, a
Data Management Plan.
Deposit the data in a research
data repository.
Open Research Data policy requirements
Licensing research data - Horizon 2020 Open Access guidelines point to:
46. CreateaDMP
Living document: update Reflects on curation, preservation,
sustainability and security
What parts will be open
and how?
Handling of data during and after project
47. basic idea
≠ DMP + plan
budget
Timeline
1st version DMP
Changes in data,
policy,
consortium
Update DMP
Final version
UPDATE PERIODIC
EVALUATION
6 MONTHSPROPOSAL FINAL REVIEW
50. FAIR Data Management guidelines
http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/grants_manual/hi/oa_pilot/h2020-hi-oa-data-mgt_en.pdf
Notes the extension of the pilot
Clarifies concept of FAIR data
Explains what a DMP is and when they should be updated
Notes what happens at proposal, submission and evaluation stage
Explains costs are eligible
Provides a DMP template
52. • How to discover your
data?
• How to understand your
data?
• Where to find your
data?
• Can people access
your data?
• Metadata
• Persistent identifier
• Naming convention
• Keywords
• Versioning
• Software,
documentation
• Data repository
• Standards
• Vocabulary
• Methodologies
• Licensing
Findable
ReusableInteroperable
Accessible
58. Open Science in the EU and OpenAIRE
Slide from Natalia Manola
Open Science the modus
operandi
2021
2017
OA data by default 2018
2013
OA to all publications
OA data pilot
2007
OA pilot for publications
Zooming on Open
Science
Started
Legal Entity
59. OpenAIRE – who we are
In 24x7 operation since Dec 2010
EC funding (2009-2020)
OpenAIRE (2009-2012)
OpenAIREplus (2012-2014)
OpenAIRE2020 (2015-2018)
OpenAIRE Advance (2018-2020)
Consortium of 50+ partners
A legal entity in 2018
Open Access / Science experts
Information & Computer Science
experts
Legal experts
Data communities
Open Innovation experts
Citizen Science (schools)
64. Research
communities
Researchers (All)
Content providers
Innovators
Research
managers
Funders
Building the OpenAIRE research graph and the Dashboard services
Infrastructure
Validation
Cleaning De-duplication
Inference
Project communiity
FunderFunding
Product
Publicatio
n
Data Software
Organizatio
n
TERMS
OF USE
Harvesting Uploading
Brokering
Source
ORP
Publications
repositories
Data
repositories
Hybrid
repositories
Registries
OA
Journals
Software
repositories
Content Providers Research
Infras
GUIDE
LINES
65. Funders, institutions, RIs, 3rd parties
Content providers,
Research Infras
Researchers, scientists
Support
Accelerate
Monitor
OpenAIRE Services
From basic infrastructure level to value added
72. Complete aggregation coverage
Academic Graph
Project
communit
y
FunderFunding
Product
Publication
Research
Data
Software
Organization
Source
Other res.
products
… and more
… and more
… and more
… and more
… and more
… and more
73. Providing an open metadata
research graph of interlinked
scientific products, with access
rights information, linked to
funding information and research
communities
The OpenAIRE research graph
Open
Complete
De-duplicated
Transparent
Participatory
Decentralized
Trusted
74.
75.
76.
77.
78. CAP supported by the set of Guidelines for
Open Science Content Providers
https://guidelines.openaire.eu
81. In production:
Status
Germany
DFG
Italy
Miur (Italian Ministry of University and Research)
Belgium
INNOVIRIS
Greece
GSRT
Cyprus
RPF
Canada
CIHR, NSERC, SSHCR
France
French National Research Agency funder (ANR)
Chile
CONICYT
Spain
FECYT (Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness)
In beta:
86. OPEN SCIENCE HELPDESK
www.openaire.eu/support
Primers
Getting started onOpen Science
good practices
www.openaire.eu/os-primers
Guides
Howto’s on practicing Open Science and
on using OpenAIRE services
www.openaire.eu/guides
Factsheets
Quick references on
Open Science in H2020 topics
www.openaire.eu/openaire-h2020-factsheets
FAQs
Quick answers to Open Science practices and
OpenAIRE services issues
www.openaire.eu/faqs
Use cases
of OpenAIRE services for different
stakeholders
www.openaire.eu/use-cases
Webinars
Training on
Open Science topics
www.openaire.eu/frontpage/webinars
89. IFLA WLIC| August 28, 2019
The role of the EOSC is to ensure that European scientists
reap the full benefits of data-driven science, by offering:
“1.7 million European researchers and 70 million professionals
in science and technology a virtual environment with free at
the point of use, open and seamless services for storage,
management, analysis and re-use of research data, across
borders and scientific disciplines”
90. IFLA WLIC| August 28, 2019
Why European Open Science Cloud
• Now: A Fragmented e-Infrastructure landscape
• End-users, such as researchers, innovators or industry actors,
often are unaware of the available e-infrastructure services
• Service providers and data producers often have difficulty
reaching out to potential new users
91. • Trusted and open virtual environment with seamless access to services (with
highest TRLs) addressing the whole research
• Multi-layered federation which brings together supply and demand in a trusted
environment
• Open, transparent, rule of law based: no lock-in by individual service providers,
data portability, IPR, cloud security…
• Adaptively user-oriented and inclusive (across borders and disciplines)
• Governed by a minimal set of Rules of Participation
• Steered by an inclusive governance structure
EOSC key characteristics
92. Involving all stakeholders
Stakeholders Forum
(wide stakeholders representation)
Executive Board
(representatives of
stakeholders)
Governance Board
(MS/AC + EC)
Oversight
Think tank / Advice
Implementation
Three layer structure
EOSC Board of member states to ensure effective
supervision of EOSC implementation
Executive Board of stakeholder representatives to help
ensure proper EOSC implementation and accountability
Stakeholder Forum to provide input from a wide range of
actors
Working Groups
• Architecture
• FAIR
• RoP
• Landscape
• Sustainability
• Training/skills
Advice
WG
WG
WGWG
WGWG
Advice
Slide from Natalia Manola