This document discusses opportunities for India to increase exports of agro-based products. It notes that while India is a major global producer of many agricultural commodities, its share of the global food trade is less than 1.5% due to constraints along the agricultural supply chain and challenges meeting import standards. Developing agro-export zones that coordinate private and public sector efforts could help address issues at each stage from farm to consumer. This would improve productivity, infrastructure, quality assurance and access to markets to expand India's agro-exports.
Rice mill cluster bargarh - for finance, subsidy & project related support...Radha Krishna Sahoo
This document provides a diagnostic study of the rice milling cluster in Sambalpur and Bargarh districts of Orissa, India. It finds that the cluster contains around 150 rice milling units of varying sizes. The mills primarily operate seasonally from October to February to process locally grown paddy into rice. The study describes the production processes, supporting institutions, evolution of the cluster concept, and potential for modernization and value addition. It aims to understand the cluster's current status and opportunities for future development.
The Food Corporation of India was established in 1964 to fulfill key objectives of India's food policy including price support for farmers, public distribution of food grains, maintenance of food buffer stocks, and market regulation to provide affordable food prices. It plays a critical role in transforming India's food security from a crisis management system to a stable security system. Some of its main functions include procuring and storing food grains, distributing them through ration shops, transporting supplies between surplus and deficit regions, and announcing minimum support prices to help farmers.
This document provides information on export procedures for agro-based products in India. It discusses selecting a product and market for export, obtaining information on foreign buyers, choosing a commodity, acquiring export financing, required export documentation, and common discrepancies. Key points covered include selecting a quality product and competitive price, assessing competition in target markets, sources for export information, factors to consider in choosing a commodity, methods for finding foreign buyers, ensuring price and credit terms, required documentation such as certificates of origin and inspection, and types of pre-shipment and post-shipment financing. The document also outlines the export process including necessary registrations and permits.
The document discusses the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme in India. KCC was introduced in 1998-99 by the Reserve Bank of India and NABARD to provide easy access to credit for farmers. It functions as a revolving cash credit facility with a limit set based on landholding and crops. Farmers can withdraw funds for agricultural inputs and household needs. Key features include flexibility in repayment if crops fail and insurance coverage. Over 750 million cards have been issued, aiming to improve farmers' access to formal credit sources.
This document provides an overview of factoring and forfaiting. It defines factoring as the sale of book debts by a firm to a financial institution, with the factor paying for the debts as they are collected. Forfaiting is similar but deals specifically with receivables from deferred payment exports. The key parties in each transaction and services provided are described. The document also compares factoring to bills discounting and forfaiting, outlines the various types of factoring, and summarizes the mechanics and stages involved in domestic and export factoring as well as forfaiting transactions.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) crop insurance scheme launched in India in 2016. Some key points:
- PMFBY aims to provide insurance coverage and financial support to farmers against crop failures from natural calamities at lower premium rates than previous schemes.
- It covers yields losses for notified crops as well as some post-harvest losses. Premium rates are 2% for kharif crops, 1% for rabi crops, and 5% for horticulture.
- The government will bear most of the costs, even up to 90% of the premium. Smart technology will be used to assess claims quickly
1. The document provides guidance on agribusiness planning for entrepreneurs. It discusses evaluating potential project ideas using a micro-screening technique and 10 factors. The most viable idea is analyzed further with a SWOT analysis.
2. A detailed project report (DPR) is created which includes technical, commercial, organizational, managerial, and financial aspects. It provides a blueprint for implementation, including capital requirements, profitability analysis using tools like cash flow, BCR, NPV, IRR, and repayment plans.
3. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand how changes in costs, prices, and yields impact profitability. The document concludes entrepreneurs must adequately plan and prepare a DPR to clearly understand project feasibility
This document discusses opportunities for India to increase exports of agro-based products. It notes that while India is a major global producer of many agricultural commodities, its share of the global food trade is less than 1.5% due to constraints along the agricultural supply chain and challenges meeting import standards. Developing agro-export zones that coordinate private and public sector efforts could help address issues at each stage from farm to consumer. This would improve productivity, infrastructure, quality assurance and access to markets to expand India's agro-exports.
Rice mill cluster bargarh - for finance, subsidy & project related support...Radha Krishna Sahoo
This document provides a diagnostic study of the rice milling cluster in Sambalpur and Bargarh districts of Orissa, India. It finds that the cluster contains around 150 rice milling units of varying sizes. The mills primarily operate seasonally from October to February to process locally grown paddy into rice. The study describes the production processes, supporting institutions, evolution of the cluster concept, and potential for modernization and value addition. It aims to understand the cluster's current status and opportunities for future development.
The Food Corporation of India was established in 1964 to fulfill key objectives of India's food policy including price support for farmers, public distribution of food grains, maintenance of food buffer stocks, and market regulation to provide affordable food prices. It plays a critical role in transforming India's food security from a crisis management system to a stable security system. Some of its main functions include procuring and storing food grains, distributing them through ration shops, transporting supplies between surplus and deficit regions, and announcing minimum support prices to help farmers.
This document provides information on export procedures for agro-based products in India. It discusses selecting a product and market for export, obtaining information on foreign buyers, choosing a commodity, acquiring export financing, required export documentation, and common discrepancies. Key points covered include selecting a quality product and competitive price, assessing competition in target markets, sources for export information, factors to consider in choosing a commodity, methods for finding foreign buyers, ensuring price and credit terms, required documentation such as certificates of origin and inspection, and types of pre-shipment and post-shipment financing. The document also outlines the export process including necessary registrations and permits.
The document discusses the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme in India. KCC was introduced in 1998-99 by the Reserve Bank of India and NABARD to provide easy access to credit for farmers. It functions as a revolving cash credit facility with a limit set based on landholding and crops. Farmers can withdraw funds for agricultural inputs and household needs. Key features include flexibility in repayment if crops fail and insurance coverage. Over 750 million cards have been issued, aiming to improve farmers' access to formal credit sources.
This document provides an overview of factoring and forfaiting. It defines factoring as the sale of book debts by a firm to a financial institution, with the factor paying for the debts as they are collected. Forfaiting is similar but deals specifically with receivables from deferred payment exports. The key parties in each transaction and services provided are described. The document also compares factoring to bills discounting and forfaiting, outlines the various types of factoring, and summarizes the mechanics and stages involved in domestic and export factoring as well as forfaiting transactions.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) crop insurance scheme launched in India in 2016. Some key points:
- PMFBY aims to provide insurance coverage and financial support to farmers against crop failures from natural calamities at lower premium rates than previous schemes.
- It covers yields losses for notified crops as well as some post-harvest losses. Premium rates are 2% for kharif crops, 1% for rabi crops, and 5% for horticulture.
- The government will bear most of the costs, even up to 90% of the premium. Smart technology will be used to assess claims quickly
1. The document provides guidance on agribusiness planning for entrepreneurs. It discusses evaluating potential project ideas using a micro-screening technique and 10 factors. The most viable idea is analyzed further with a SWOT analysis.
2. A detailed project report (DPR) is created which includes technical, commercial, organizational, managerial, and financial aspects. It provides a blueprint for implementation, including capital requirements, profitability analysis using tools like cash flow, BCR, NPV, IRR, and repayment plans.
3. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand how changes in costs, prices, and yields impact profitability. The document concludes entrepreneurs must adequately plan and prepare a DPR to clearly understand project feasibility
This document discusses factoring and forfaiting. It defines factoring as a transaction where a financial intermediary called a factor assumes responsibility for collecting receivables from a client's credit sales in exchange for a commission. Forfaiting is defined as the purchase of a client's export receivables by a financial intermediary called a forfaiter without recourse to the client. The document outlines the key differences between factoring and forfaiting such as the extent of finance provided, credit risk assessment, services offered, recourse, minimum transaction size, and scope of services.
Export finance refers to financial assistance provided by banks and institutions to businesses exporting products overseas. It discusses the major providers of export finance in India like EXIM bank and ECGC. The types of export finance described include pre-shipment finance for purchasing/processing goods, post-shipment finance for payments after shipping, and finance against bills of purchase from importers. Deferred export finance also allows importers to purchase goods in installments.
This document discusses the need for and sources of credit in Indian agriculture. It notes that agricultural credit is a crucial input, and that the major historical source was private moneylenders who charged high interest rates. To address this, a multi-agency approach using cooperatives, commercial banks, and regional rural banks now provides cheaper and more adequate credit to farmers. It then outlines the various financial needs of Indian farmers and the roles of credit. Finally, it details the major institutional sources of agricultural credit in India, including cooperatives, commercial banks, land development banks, regional rural banks, government loan schemes, and NABARD.
ergonomics improvement in opertor seat and controls of small tractor by srini...srinivasu gillella
This document implies about the modifications weredone on small tractors having 15hp,35hp,25hp tractors and certain standards were follwed by budhini in order to develop the seating index and control levers of a tractor in order to develop the safe working environment of a driver.
This document provides an overview of rural marketing and agriculture production in India. Some key points:
- India is a major global producer of agriculture, ranking 2nd in farm output and among the top 5 producers for many crops. Agriculture contributes 18% to India's GDP.
- Marketing of agricultural produce is complex due to the perishable and seasonal nature of crops. It has traditionally involved many middlemen, exploiting farmers.
- Cooperative marketing societies were formed to help increase farmer incomes and reduce exploitation. However, only a few have succeeded in processing industries.
- Regulated markets were established to improve quality of produce and ensure fair prices for farmers through transparency. They are democratically managed committees.
This document discusses various marketing institutions involved in agricultural development in India. It outlines the role of these institutions in framing rules and regulations, establishing organizations to provide services to farmers, promoting cooperatives, and creating market infrastructure. Some key public sector institutions discussed are the Food Corporation of India, Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, and Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices. Major cooperative sector institutions mentioned are the National Cooperative Development Corporation and National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation. The document also provides details on specific institutions like the Tamil Nadu Co-op Milk Producers Federation and Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority.
Kisan Credit Card is a credit card provided by banks to farmers in India to enable them to access affordable credit. Studies have shown Kisan Credit Cards have increased crop yields, farm incomes, and cropping intensity for beneficiary farmers. One study found wheat crop yields increased by 82% and incomes increased by 75% due to access to credit through Kisan Credit Cards. Another study found beneficiary farmers had a higher cropping intensity of 233% compared to 208% for non-beneficiary farmers, and beneficiary farmers allocated more land to commercial crops. Access to credit through Kisan Credit Cards also enables farmers to purchase higher quantities of inputs like seeds, fertilizers and employ more farm labor, thereby increasing productivity and incomes.
ED chapter 4-by Dr.K.G.Raja Sabarish Babu, Research Department of Business Ad...BBAsourashtracollege
The document discusses various institutions that provide support to entrepreneurs in India at the national and state level. It outlines organizations like the Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) and National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) that help with coordination, training, financing, marketing and other services. It also mentions industry associations such as the World Association for Small and Medium Enterprises (WASME) and the Federation of Indian Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (FISME) that support small businesses.
This document provides a pre-feasibility report for establishing a poultry farm with 2,000 country chickens per cycle in a deep litter system. Key details include:
- The farm will be located on land with level ground, access road, electricity, and water supply.
- Housing, equipment, chicks, feed, veterinary services are discussed. Production targets 1.8kg average weight per bird within 8-10 weeks.
- Market demand for country chicken is growing at 15-18% annually. The farm aims to produce 5 cycles per year.
- Economics project profitability with IRR of 105%, BCR of 4.17, and positive NPV even at high interest rates.
Financial instituitions ,types and servicesNeeraj Singh
The document summarizes various financial institutions that provide non-banking financial services in India. It discusses Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), their types and operations. It also describes several development financial institutions established by the Government of India and state governments to promote industrialization, such as Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI), State Financial Corporations (SFCs), Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India (IRBI), State Industrial Development Corporations (SIDCs), and Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI). These institutions provide financial assistance in the form of loans, guarantees, underwriting and other services to small, medium and large industrial sectors.
The document discusses the terms "agriculture marketing" and "market". Agriculture marketing involves all activities from production to consumption, including moving goods and creating utility. A market consists of buyers and sellers of a product where supply and demand determine price. Markets can be classified based on location, area, time span, transaction volume, nature of transactions, degree of competition, commodities traded, stage of marketing, level of regulation, and population served. The key aspects of a market are the exchange of goods/services between buyers and sellers and the convergence of supply and demand forces to set a single price.
Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of IndiaIsha Joshi
The document provides information on the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC). It discusses that ECGC is a government owned enterprise that provides credit insurance facilities to exporters and banks in India. It offers various export credit risk insurance products to suit the requirements of Indian exporters and banks. Some of its main policies discussed are the contract policy, shipment policy, construction works policy, services policy, and overseas investment insurance. ECGC aims to promote and facilitate Indian exports through providing these insurance covers.
A personal loan is an unsecured loan that does not require collateral. It has fast approval processes due to less documentation requirements. Personal loans have lower interest rates than credit cards or overdrafts in India. Borrowers can use personal loans for any purpose and repay them through easy equated monthly installments over loan terms that typically range from one to five years. However, personal loans require good credit scores for approval and defaulting can negatively impact credit ratings and incur penalties.
India has the largest livestock population in the world, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. Livestock makes significant economic contributions, providing 25.6% of agricultural GDP and supporting the livelihoods of over two-thirds of rural people. However, livestock productivity is low compared to global averages, with much potential for improvement. Increased demand for animal products presents opportunities for the livestock sector, but challenges remain around feed, health, infrastructure, and market access. Addressing these challenges through policies, technology, and financing could further enhance livestock's role in poverty alleviation and the rural economy.
NABARD was established in 1982 to provide credit and promote rural development. It aims to provide refinancing support and institutional development to rural lending institutions. NABARD also acts as a regulator for cooperative banks and RRBs. Its key activities include refinancing loans for agriculture and rural development, implementing the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund, and promoting programs like watershed development and Kisan Credit Cards. NABARD's functions involve preparing annual rural credit plans, monitoring rural credit flow, providing guidelines to rural lenders, and coordinating rural financing activities across institutions.
Anand pattern- simplified by Manvik JoshiManvik Joshi
This ppt is made to simplify Anand Pattern. As we know the amazing Anand pattern was the reason behind the success of Amul.The Anand Pattern succeeds because it involves people in their own development through cooperatives where professionals are accountable to leaders elected by producers. This ppt is made only for learning purposes. The author does not claim originality of this document. The aim of sharing this ppt is to make available study material for b.tech. Dairy Technology and Food Technology students.
This document provides an overview of farm inputs and management in India. It discusses key agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. For seeds, it summarizes India's seed industry size, key players, seed replacement rates, export and import policies. For fertilizers, it outlines consumption trends, production, the role of subsidies, and challenges around nutrient use efficiency. For pesticides, it briefly discusses India's pesticide industry and market distribution by product categories. The document aims to educate about the various agricultural inputs and management practices important for Indian agriculture.
MCX is India's largest commodity exchange headquartered in Mumbai. It offers futures trading in various agricultural and non-agricultural commodities with over 80% market share. NCDEX is another Indian commodity exchange founded in 2003 that offers futures trading in both agriculture and non-agriculture commodities through its diverse shareholders that include banks, cooperatives, and institutions. Both exchanges allow trading during normal sessions from Monday to Saturday but with different timings for various commodity segments.
The document outlines procedures for seed sampling and analysis in India. It specifies minimum sampling intensities for seeds stored in bulk or bags. For bulk seeds, a minimum of 5 samples are required up to 500 kg, increasing to 10 samples for lots over 20,000 kg. For bagged seeds, every container must be sampled for lots up to 5 bags, every 3 containers for 6-30 bags, and every 5 containers for lots over 30 bags. Samples must be properly sealed, labeled with details, and sent to notified seed testing laboratories within 60 days.
Agricultural finance deals with the study of credit provision and liquidity services for farm borrowers. It examines the financial intermediaries that provide loan funds to agriculture and how these intermediaries obtain funds. Agricultural finance can be examined at both the macro and micro level. At the macro level, it considers total credit needs and terms for the agricultural sector. At the micro level, it focuses on financial management of individual farm units. Common sources of agricultural finance include money lenders, traders, cooperatives, commercial banks, and microfinance organizations. Loans are classified by time period, purpose, and security. Weaknesses in rural credit systems include a lack of motivation, high interest rates, and poor recovery rates. Suggestions for
The document summarizes the objectives and operations of the Food Corporation of India (FCI). It discusses how FCI implements the national food policy through activities like price support operations, procurement, storage, transportation and distribution of food grains. It provides details on FCI's procurement process, storage and transportation networks, and distribution of food grains through public distribution systems and welfare schemes.
The document provides an overview of India's Public Distribution System (PDS), including its evolution, procurement, distribution, evaluation, and suggestions for improvement. It discusses how rationing was first introduced in 1939 and the PDS was established in 1942. Key points include: the Food Corporation of India was created in 1965 to manage food grain storage and distribution; the system was expanded in the 1970s to support farm prices and lower income groups; and revisions in 1992 aimed to improve access in remote areas. Evaluation found only 27% of subsidies reach the poor due to significant leakages. States like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have had some success implementing e-governance and monitoring solutions to strengthen the PDS. Suggestions
This document discusses factoring and forfaiting. It defines factoring as a transaction where a financial intermediary called a factor assumes responsibility for collecting receivables from a client's credit sales in exchange for a commission. Forfaiting is defined as the purchase of a client's export receivables by a financial intermediary called a forfaiter without recourse to the client. The document outlines the key differences between factoring and forfaiting such as the extent of finance provided, credit risk assessment, services offered, recourse, minimum transaction size, and scope of services.
Export finance refers to financial assistance provided by banks and institutions to businesses exporting products overseas. It discusses the major providers of export finance in India like EXIM bank and ECGC. The types of export finance described include pre-shipment finance for purchasing/processing goods, post-shipment finance for payments after shipping, and finance against bills of purchase from importers. Deferred export finance also allows importers to purchase goods in installments.
This document discusses the need for and sources of credit in Indian agriculture. It notes that agricultural credit is a crucial input, and that the major historical source was private moneylenders who charged high interest rates. To address this, a multi-agency approach using cooperatives, commercial banks, and regional rural banks now provides cheaper and more adequate credit to farmers. It then outlines the various financial needs of Indian farmers and the roles of credit. Finally, it details the major institutional sources of agricultural credit in India, including cooperatives, commercial banks, land development banks, regional rural banks, government loan schemes, and NABARD.
ergonomics improvement in opertor seat and controls of small tractor by srini...srinivasu gillella
This document implies about the modifications weredone on small tractors having 15hp,35hp,25hp tractors and certain standards were follwed by budhini in order to develop the seating index and control levers of a tractor in order to develop the safe working environment of a driver.
This document provides an overview of rural marketing and agriculture production in India. Some key points:
- India is a major global producer of agriculture, ranking 2nd in farm output and among the top 5 producers for many crops. Agriculture contributes 18% to India's GDP.
- Marketing of agricultural produce is complex due to the perishable and seasonal nature of crops. It has traditionally involved many middlemen, exploiting farmers.
- Cooperative marketing societies were formed to help increase farmer incomes and reduce exploitation. However, only a few have succeeded in processing industries.
- Regulated markets were established to improve quality of produce and ensure fair prices for farmers through transparency. They are democratically managed committees.
This document discusses various marketing institutions involved in agricultural development in India. It outlines the role of these institutions in framing rules and regulations, establishing organizations to provide services to farmers, promoting cooperatives, and creating market infrastructure. Some key public sector institutions discussed are the Food Corporation of India, Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, and Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices. Major cooperative sector institutions mentioned are the National Cooperative Development Corporation and National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation. The document also provides details on specific institutions like the Tamil Nadu Co-op Milk Producers Federation and Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority.
Kisan Credit Card is a credit card provided by banks to farmers in India to enable them to access affordable credit. Studies have shown Kisan Credit Cards have increased crop yields, farm incomes, and cropping intensity for beneficiary farmers. One study found wheat crop yields increased by 82% and incomes increased by 75% due to access to credit through Kisan Credit Cards. Another study found beneficiary farmers had a higher cropping intensity of 233% compared to 208% for non-beneficiary farmers, and beneficiary farmers allocated more land to commercial crops. Access to credit through Kisan Credit Cards also enables farmers to purchase higher quantities of inputs like seeds, fertilizers and employ more farm labor, thereby increasing productivity and incomes.
ED chapter 4-by Dr.K.G.Raja Sabarish Babu, Research Department of Business Ad...BBAsourashtracollege
The document discusses various institutions that provide support to entrepreneurs in India at the national and state level. It outlines organizations like the Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) and National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) that help with coordination, training, financing, marketing and other services. It also mentions industry associations such as the World Association for Small and Medium Enterprises (WASME) and the Federation of Indian Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (FISME) that support small businesses.
This document provides a pre-feasibility report for establishing a poultry farm with 2,000 country chickens per cycle in a deep litter system. Key details include:
- The farm will be located on land with level ground, access road, electricity, and water supply.
- Housing, equipment, chicks, feed, veterinary services are discussed. Production targets 1.8kg average weight per bird within 8-10 weeks.
- Market demand for country chicken is growing at 15-18% annually. The farm aims to produce 5 cycles per year.
- Economics project profitability with IRR of 105%, BCR of 4.17, and positive NPV even at high interest rates.
Financial instituitions ,types and servicesNeeraj Singh
The document summarizes various financial institutions that provide non-banking financial services in India. It discusses Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), their types and operations. It also describes several development financial institutions established by the Government of India and state governments to promote industrialization, such as Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI), State Financial Corporations (SFCs), Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India (IRBI), State Industrial Development Corporations (SIDCs), and Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI). These institutions provide financial assistance in the form of loans, guarantees, underwriting and other services to small, medium and large industrial sectors.
The document discusses the terms "agriculture marketing" and "market". Agriculture marketing involves all activities from production to consumption, including moving goods and creating utility. A market consists of buyers and sellers of a product where supply and demand determine price. Markets can be classified based on location, area, time span, transaction volume, nature of transactions, degree of competition, commodities traded, stage of marketing, level of regulation, and population served. The key aspects of a market are the exchange of goods/services between buyers and sellers and the convergence of supply and demand forces to set a single price.
Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of IndiaIsha Joshi
The document provides information on the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC). It discusses that ECGC is a government owned enterprise that provides credit insurance facilities to exporters and banks in India. It offers various export credit risk insurance products to suit the requirements of Indian exporters and banks. Some of its main policies discussed are the contract policy, shipment policy, construction works policy, services policy, and overseas investment insurance. ECGC aims to promote and facilitate Indian exports through providing these insurance covers.
A personal loan is an unsecured loan that does not require collateral. It has fast approval processes due to less documentation requirements. Personal loans have lower interest rates than credit cards or overdrafts in India. Borrowers can use personal loans for any purpose and repay them through easy equated monthly installments over loan terms that typically range from one to five years. However, personal loans require good credit scores for approval and defaulting can negatively impact credit ratings and incur penalties.
India has the largest livestock population in the world, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry. Livestock makes significant economic contributions, providing 25.6% of agricultural GDP and supporting the livelihoods of over two-thirds of rural people. However, livestock productivity is low compared to global averages, with much potential for improvement. Increased demand for animal products presents opportunities for the livestock sector, but challenges remain around feed, health, infrastructure, and market access. Addressing these challenges through policies, technology, and financing could further enhance livestock's role in poverty alleviation and the rural economy.
NABARD was established in 1982 to provide credit and promote rural development. It aims to provide refinancing support and institutional development to rural lending institutions. NABARD also acts as a regulator for cooperative banks and RRBs. Its key activities include refinancing loans for agriculture and rural development, implementing the Rural Infrastructure Development Fund, and promoting programs like watershed development and Kisan Credit Cards. NABARD's functions involve preparing annual rural credit plans, monitoring rural credit flow, providing guidelines to rural lenders, and coordinating rural financing activities across institutions.
Anand pattern- simplified by Manvik JoshiManvik Joshi
This ppt is made to simplify Anand Pattern. As we know the amazing Anand pattern was the reason behind the success of Amul.The Anand Pattern succeeds because it involves people in their own development through cooperatives where professionals are accountable to leaders elected by producers. This ppt is made only for learning purposes. The author does not claim originality of this document. The aim of sharing this ppt is to make available study material for b.tech. Dairy Technology and Food Technology students.
This document provides an overview of farm inputs and management in India. It discusses key agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. For seeds, it summarizes India's seed industry size, key players, seed replacement rates, export and import policies. For fertilizers, it outlines consumption trends, production, the role of subsidies, and challenges around nutrient use efficiency. For pesticides, it briefly discusses India's pesticide industry and market distribution by product categories. The document aims to educate about the various agricultural inputs and management practices important for Indian agriculture.
MCX is India's largest commodity exchange headquartered in Mumbai. It offers futures trading in various agricultural and non-agricultural commodities with over 80% market share. NCDEX is another Indian commodity exchange founded in 2003 that offers futures trading in both agriculture and non-agriculture commodities through its diverse shareholders that include banks, cooperatives, and institutions. Both exchanges allow trading during normal sessions from Monday to Saturday but with different timings for various commodity segments.
The document outlines procedures for seed sampling and analysis in India. It specifies minimum sampling intensities for seeds stored in bulk or bags. For bulk seeds, a minimum of 5 samples are required up to 500 kg, increasing to 10 samples for lots over 20,000 kg. For bagged seeds, every container must be sampled for lots up to 5 bags, every 3 containers for 6-30 bags, and every 5 containers for lots over 30 bags. Samples must be properly sealed, labeled with details, and sent to notified seed testing laboratories within 60 days.
Agricultural finance deals with the study of credit provision and liquidity services for farm borrowers. It examines the financial intermediaries that provide loan funds to agriculture and how these intermediaries obtain funds. Agricultural finance can be examined at both the macro and micro level. At the macro level, it considers total credit needs and terms for the agricultural sector. At the micro level, it focuses on financial management of individual farm units. Common sources of agricultural finance include money lenders, traders, cooperatives, commercial banks, and microfinance organizations. Loans are classified by time period, purpose, and security. Weaknesses in rural credit systems include a lack of motivation, high interest rates, and poor recovery rates. Suggestions for
The document summarizes the objectives and operations of the Food Corporation of India (FCI). It discusses how FCI implements the national food policy through activities like price support operations, procurement, storage, transportation and distribution of food grains. It provides details on FCI's procurement process, storage and transportation networks, and distribution of food grains through public distribution systems and welfare schemes.
The document provides an overview of India's Public Distribution System (PDS), including its evolution, procurement, distribution, evaluation, and suggestions for improvement. It discusses how rationing was first introduced in 1939 and the PDS was established in 1942. Key points include: the Food Corporation of India was created in 1965 to manage food grain storage and distribution; the system was expanded in the 1970s to support farm prices and lower income groups; and revisions in 1992 aimed to improve access in remote areas. Evaluation found only 27% of subsidies reach the poor due to significant leakages. States like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have had some success implementing e-governance and monitoring solutions to strengthen the PDS. Suggestions
FCI was established in 1964 under the Food Corporation Act to implement the country's public distribution system and price support operations. It procures, stores, and distributes food grains throughout India on behalf of the government. FCI operates over 12,000 procurement centers and has a vast network of depots and offices. It handles 30-40 million tons of grains annually, making it one of the largest grain procurement and distribution agencies globally. FCI aims to provide stable prices to farmers, make food grains available at reasonable prices to vulnerable groups, maintain buffer stocks for food security, and intervene in markets for price stabilization. It oversees several welfare schemes on behalf of various ministries to supply subsidized grains to millions of people in
The document provides an overview of the Food Corporation of India (FCI). It discusses FCI's history, vision, mission, objectives and organizational structure. Key points include:
1) FCI was established in 1964 under the Food Corporation Act to secure India's food grain supply and implement the national food policy.
2) FCI's vision includes promoting decentralized procurement, ensuring buffer stocks for welfare schemes, and modernizing operations.
3) FCI's mission is to fulfill national food policy targets, monitor quality, ensure accountability and transparency.
4) FCI's objectives are to provide fair prices to farmers, make food grains available at reasonable prices, maintain buffer stocks, and intervene in markets
The Food Corporation of India (FCI) was established in 1965 to implement the objectives of India's National Food Policy, which include price support for farmers, distributing food grains nationwide through the Public Distribution System, and maintaining buffer stocks to ensure national food security. The FCI is responsible for storing food grains in warehouses, procuring grains from farmers at minimum support prices set by the government, and supplying grains at subsidized prices through ration shops across the country to benefit society. As the largest public food supply chain in Asia, the FCI purchases 15-20% of India's annual wheat and 12-15% of rice output from farmers and transports it for distribution by state governments through ration shops under the Public
The document summarizes India's system for procuring grains from farmers. The central government announces minimum support prices and state agencies purchase grains meeting specifications from farmers. Farmers can sell to these agencies or privately. Decentralized states handle their own procurement while non-DCP states work through FCI. Over time, procurement of rice, wheat, and pulses has increased along with minimum support prices to support farmers.
The document summarizes the average monthly income of Indian farmers based on a survey. It finds the average to be Rs. 6,426 per month. The main sources of income are cultivation (47%), livestock (13%), non-farm business (8%), and wages (32%). To double their income to Rs. 12,852, agricultural growth would need to increase to 12-14% annually from the current 4.1%. The document then proposes several institutional and policy reforms to stabilize farmer incomes, including establishing agriculture planning bodies, conducting a technology-driven census, providing farmers with identity cards and salaries, and setting minimum income support during adverse conditions.
Diary development programme for finance, subsidy & project related support ...Radha Krishna Sahoo
Dairy development activities in the state aim to improve socioeconomic conditions for rural communities. The state runs cattle breeding farms and cooperates with the Orissa State Co-operative Milk Producers Federation to procure, process and market milk. Various central government schemes provide financial assistance and have helped increase milk production in the state from 584 thousand metric tons in 1994-95 to 1282 thousand metric tons in 2004-05. Key activities include operating cattle breeding farms, procuring milk through dairy cooperatives, and providing training and financial assistance to farmers to boost milk production.
stratigies to double farmers income by 2022Amit Kumar
The document discusses proposals to stabilize Indian farmers' incomes through policy and institutional reforms. It notes that the average monthly income for Indian farmers is Rs. 6,426, which needs to double to Rs. 12,852 for stability. The document proposes:
1. Registering all farmers and developing a digital database with their details.
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3. Legends used in the Presentation
CG Central Government
CWC Central Warehousing Corporation
DCP Decentralised Procurement
FCI Food Corporation of India
GOI Government of India
IAS Indian Administrative Service
IRS Indian Revenue Service
OMSS Open Market Sales Scheme
MSP Minimum Support Price
PEG Scheme Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee Scheme
PDS Public Distribution System
SG/ SGA State Government / State Government Agencies
SWC State Warehousing Corporation
4. Presentation Schema
Overview Roles of FCI Procurement Storage
Movement Import and Export
Other Divisions of
FCI
Measures Taken by
FCI amidst COVID-19
Financials of FCI Conclusion
6. Introduction
Food Corporation of India is a statutory body established in 1965 under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs,
Food and Public Distribution, Government of India
It is governed under the Food Corporation Act 1964
FCI was established against the backdrop of major shortage of grains, especially wheat
The head of the FCI is designated as the Chairman
Shri D.V. Prasad, IAS is the incumbent Chairman & Managing Director of FCI
Initial headquarters of FCI was setup in Chennai but later shifted to New Delhi
7. Objective
Effective price support operations for safeguarding the interests of the farmers
Distribution of food grains throughout the country for public distribution system
Maintaining satisfactory level of operational and buffer stocks of food grains to ensure
national food security
Regulate market price to provide food grains to consumers at a reliable price
8. Organisational Structure
FCI has been broadly divided into 5 zones viz. North, South, East, West & North-
East with a Zonal Office in each zone controlled by the Headquarters
Each zone is headed by an Executive Director who is generally from IAS/IRS
Each zone is further divided into regions with a regional office in one region
headed by a General Manager (generally IAS/IRS)
Regional offices are further divided into divisional offices which are headed by
Divisional Managers
Divisional offices are further divided into various depots headed by a Manager
(Depot)
9. Contd.
Headquarters
(New Delhi)
North Zone,
Noida
Regional Offices
(8)
Divisional Offices
Depots
South Zone,
Chennai
Regional Offices
(5)
Divisional Offices
Depots
East Zone,
Kolkata
Regional Offices
(4)
Divisional Offices
Depots
West Zone,
Mumbai
Regional Offices
(4)
Divisional Offices
Depots
North-East Zone,
Guwahati
Regional Offices
(5)
Divisional Offices
Depots
Chairman and Managing Director
Executive
Director
General
Manager
Divisional
Manager
Manager
12. Price Support Scheme
FCI along with other State Agencies undertakes procurement of wheat and paddy under price support scheme
Coarse grains (cereals other than rice and wheat) are procured by State Government Agencies for Central
Pool** as per the direction issued by Government of India from time to time
The procurement under Price Support is taken up mainly to ensure remunerative prices to the farmers for
their produce which works as an incentive for achieving better production
Before the harvest during each Rabi (July to October) / Kharif (November to March) Crop season, GOI
announces the minimum support prices* (MSP) for procurement on the basis of the recommendation of the
Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) which, along with other factors, takes into consideration
the cost of various agricultural inputs and the reasonable margin for the farmers for their produce
* Minimum support price is the assured price announced by CG at which food grains are procured from
farmers by CG and SG/SGAs, for the Central Pool. MSP helps to incentivize the farmers and thus ensures
adequate food grains production in the country
**Central Pool refers to the total stock of food grains available for distribution to the consumers through
PDS and Other Welfare Schemes*** and kept as reserves for buffer stock
***Other Welfare Schemes are such Government schemes, in addition to the Targeted PDS, under which
food-grains or meals are supplied as part of the schemes. For e.g. Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Wheat Based
Nutrition Programme, etc.
14. System of Procurement
• FCI undertakes procurement directly and jointly with SGAs in non-DCP states
• In the major procuring states like Punjab, MP and Haryana, wheat is mainly
procured by state agencies and they preserve the stocks under their custody for
which carry–over charges are paid to them
• FCI takes over the stocks for dispatching to other consuming states as per
requirement /movement plan
• Payments are made to SGAs as per provisional cost sheets issued by GOI after
taking over the stocks
• In the states like Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, the wheat procured by state
agencies is immediately taken over by FCI
• In DCP States like Madhya Pradesh, SGAs procure, store and distribute wheat
within the State
• The excess stocks (wheat) procured by the State /its agencies are handed over
to FCI in Central Pool for distribution/movement to deficit States
Wheat
DCP and non-DCP are types of procurement of food grains by FCI and SGAs (explained subsequently)
15. Contd.
• Custom Milled Rice is manufactured by milling paddy (processing paddy into rice)
procured by SGAs and FCI
• In the states like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Punjab, Haryana, Chhattisgarh,
Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh & Bihar, paddy
is mainly procured by SGAs and the resultant rice is delivered to SG and FCI by
getting the paddy milled from rice millers
Rice
• Coarse grains (cereals other than wheat and rice. E.g. maize, ragi, etc.) are
procured by the SG based on their plan of procurement with prior approval of GOI
& subject to distribution of procured coarse grain under Targeted PDS* in the
procuring state itself
Coarse grains
*Targeted PDS means the system for distribution of essential commodities to the ration card holders through fair
price shops
16. DCP and Non-DCP Procurement
DCP Procurement
• SGAs procure, store and distribute rice /wheat/coarse grains within the State
• The excess stocks (Rice & wheat) procured by the State /its agencies are handed over to FCI
in Central Pool
• The expenditure incurred by SG on procurement, storage and distribution of DCP stocks are
reimbursed by GOI on the laid down principles
• The expenses such as MSP, society commission, administrative charges, mandi labour
charges, transportation charges, custody & maintenance charges, interest charges, gunny
cost, milling charges and statutory taxes are reimbursed on actual basis
• The cost of excess stocks handed over to FCI is reimbursed by FCI to the State
Government/agencies as per GOI costs sheet
Non-DCP
Procurement
(Centralized)
• Under centralized procurement system, the procurement of food grains in Central Pool is
undertaken either by FCI directly or by SGA
• Quantity procured by SGAs is handed over to FCI for storage and subsequent issue against
GOI allocations in the same State or movement of surplus stocks to other States
• The cost of the food grains procured by SGAs is reimbursed by FCI as per Provisional per
cost-sheet issued by GOI as soon as the stocks are delivered to FCI
17. States Procuring Rice/Wheat under DCP System
DCP for Rice
S. No. State With Effect From
1 Uttrakhand 2002-03
2 Chhattisgarh 2001-02
3 Odisha 2003-04
4 Tamilnadu 2002-03
5 West Bengal 1997-98
6 Kerala 2004-05
7 Karnataka 2009-10
8 Madhya Pradesh 2007-08
9 Andhra Pradesh Fully DCP for KMS 2015-16
10 Bihar 2013-14
11. Telangana Fully DCP from KMS 2014-15
12. Maharashtra 2016-17
13. Jharkhand 2016-17(only for 1 district), 2017-18 (only
for 5 Districts), 2018-19 (only for 6 Districts)
14. Gujarat 2017-18
15 Andaman Nicobar 2003-04
16. Tripura KMS 2018-19 and KMS 2019-20 (Rabi Crop)
DCP for Wheat
S. No. State With Effect From
1 Madhya Pradesh 1999-2000
2 Uttrakhand 2003-04
3 Chattisgarh 2001-02
4 Gujarat 2004-05
5 West Bengal 2010-11
6 Bihar 2014-15
7 Maharashtra 2020-21
KMS stands for Kharif Market Season (1st October to 30th September)
Source: FCI portal
19. Functioning of Storage
The storage function assumes paramount importance in FCI because of its requirement to hold
huge inventory of food grains over a significant period of time
Storage plan of FCI is primarily to meet the storage requirement for holding stocks and to meet the
requirements of PDS and Other Welfare Schemes undertaken by GOI
Also, buffer stock is to be maintained for ensuring food security of the nation
Adequate scientific storage is pre-requisite to fulfil the policy objectives assigned to FCI for which it
has a network of strategically located storage depots including silos (a large structure, usually
cylindrical, used for storing grain) all over India
Besides having own storage capacity, FCI has hired storage capacities from Central Warehousing
Corporation, State Warehousing Corporations, State Agencies and Private Parties for short term as
well as for guaranteed period under Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee Scheme
New godowns are being constructed by FCI mainly through Private Participation under Private
Entrepreneurs Guarantee Scheme
20. Private Entrepreneurs Guarantee (PEG) Scheme
PEG Scheme was formulated in 2008, for construction of storage godowns in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode
through private entrepreneurs, CWC and SWCs to overcome storage constraints and ensure safe stocking of food
grains across the country
Assessment of additional storage capacities required under the scheme is based on the overall procurement/
consumption pattern and storage space already available
Under PEG scheme, no funds are allocated by Government for construction of godowns and full investment is done
by the private parties/CWC/State Agencies by arranging their own funds and also the land
After a godown is constructed and taken over, FCI gives a guarantee of rent for 10 years in the case of private
investors and for 9 years in case of CWC/SWCs/State Agencies, irrespective of quantum of food grains stored
Out of a sanctioned capacity of 152.30 Lakh Tonnes under the PEG scheme, a storage capacity of 143.83 Lakh
Tonnes has been completed as on 31st May 2020
21. Total Stocks of Food Grains in Central Pool
Zone Stock with FCI Stock with SGAs Total Central Stock Pool
Rice Wheat Total Rice Wheat Total Rice Wheat Total
East 9.87 10.63 20.50 10.21 0.04 10.25 20.08 10.67 30.75
North-East 3.52 0.14 3.66 0 0 0 3.52 0.14 3.66
North 151.74 101.65 253.39 0.45 233.44 233.89 152.19 355.09 487.28
South 36.82 2.29 39.11 28.50 0 28.50 65.32 2.29 67.61
West 13.35 19.75 33.10 12.10 161.83 173.93 25.45 181.58 207.03
Total 215.30 134.46 349.76 51.26 395.31 446.57 266.56 529.77 796.33
(Fig. in Lakh Tonnes)
AS ON 31.05.2020
Source: Department of Food and Public Distribution (DFDP) portal
22. Storage Capacity for Central Pool Stocks
As on Capacity with FCI Storage Capacity Other Agencies Total
01-04-2011 316.10 291.32 607.42
01-04-2012 336.04 341.35 677.39
01-04-2013 377.35 354.28 731.63
01-04-2014 368.90 379.18 748.08
01-04-2015 356.63 352.59 709.22
01-04-2016 357.89 456.95 814.84
01-04-2017 352.71 420.22 772.93
01-04-2018 362.50 480.53 843.03
01-04-2019 388.65 467.03 855.68
30-04-2020 412.31 344.22 756.53
(in Lakh Tonnes)
Source: FCI portal
26. Movement of Food Grains
FCI’s Sales division looks after the distribution of food grains under Targeted PDS and Other Welfare Schemes.
FCI undertakes movement of food grains in order to:
• Evacuate stocks from surplus regions
• Meet the requirements of deficit regions for Targeted PDS and Other Schemes
• Create buffer stocks in deficit regions
Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh are the surplus States in terms of wheat procurement vis-a-vis their own
consumption
Punjab, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh/ Telangana, Chhattisgarh and Odisha are surplus States in terms of rice
procurement vis-à-vis their own consumption
Surplus stocks of wheat and rice available in these States are moved to deficit States to meet the requirements
under Targeted PDS and other schemes as well as to create buffer stocks
On an average 40 to 42 million tonnes of food grains are transported by FCI across the country in a year
FCI undertakes massive movement operation of food grains all over the country encompassing around 1906 FCI
owned & hired depots/Silos, 557 rail-heads (owned by Indian Railways and others) and 98 FCI own sidings
27. Mode of Transportation
Movement of food grains is undertaken by Rail, Road and Waterways
Around 85% of stocks are moved by rail to different parts of the country
Inter-State movement by road is mainly undertaken in those parts of the country which are not connected by rail
A small quantity is also moved by ocean vessels to Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands as well as
through coastal shipping and riverine movement to Kerala/Agartala (Tripura)
FCI has 98 own Rail sidings, where food grain rakes (railway carriages) are placed directly at FCI depots. Other than
that, food grain stocks are transported ‘to and fro’ from the nearest rail-heads of Indian Railways
FCI has been able to ensure availability of sufficient food grain in all States by proper planning. About a decade
back, nearly 90% of stocks were moved Ex-North mainly from Punjab & Haryana, which has now come down to
72% due to increase in procurement of rice in Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha & West Bengal and wheat in
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan
29. Functions of Import and Export Division
Import and Export Division undertakes the work of Export and Import of food grains as per the guidelines,
policy and instructions of GOI
The various functions of Import Export Division, inter alia, include the following:
1. Import and Export of food grains (mainly Wheat and Rice) and issue of stocks under various schemes
of World Food Program/ Government aid on donation basis to other countries
2. Assisting the Ministry of Consumer Affairs & Public Distribution in formulation of policies regarding
import and export of wheat and rice
3. Formulating guidelines/procedures to be followed in import/export of food grains in accordance
with policy decision of GOI and forwarding the same to all concerned field offices for necessary
compliance
4. Preparation of agenda/Information/data for meeting of High level Committee for day to day
monitoring and resolving of operational issues during import/export of food grains
5. Keeping watch on International demand and supply situation as well as price, in relation to Wheat
and Rice
30. Export of Food Grains (Including Donation)
Year Wheat Rice
2015-16 - 100.16
2016-17 - 19,980
2017-18 1,10,000 2,100
2018-19 - -
2019-20 1584.117 -
(Fig. in Tonnes)
• There was no import of food grains from the year 2008-09 onwards
Source: FCI portal
32. Other Divisions of FCI
Quality Control Division Engineering Division Vigilance Division
Sales Division Information Technology Division
The various other divisions under FCI include the following:
33. Quality Control Division
Quality Control
• It is entrusted with enormous task of procurement & preservation of food grains
• The food grains are procured as per laid down Specifications of GOI and inspected
regularly during storage to monitor the quality
• FCI's testing laboratories are spread across the country for effective monitoring of
quality of food grains providing quality assurance as per Food Safety and Standards
Act, 2006, leading to improved satisfaction level to the consumers
• Laboratories across the country are being upgraded with latest equipment
• The Institute of Food Security (IFS) Lab, Gurgaon is in process of upgradation to a
State of Art Lab
Financial Year No of Depot Labs
2015-16 07
2016-17 02
2017-18 02
2018-19 06
Laboratories that have been established by the FCI
34. Engineering Division
Functions of Engineering Division of FCI, inter alia, include the following:
1. Construction and maintenance of covered godowns
2. Up-gradation & maintenance of own railway sidings
3. Construction and maintenance of Internal & External Electrical Installation in godowns
4. Upgradation of existing weighbridges to fully electronic, enhancement of capacity of
weighbridges as well as installation of new additional weighbridges as per the requirement
35. Vigilance Division
Vigilance Division of FCI is headed by Chief Vigilance Officer who is assisted by a team of officers of various ranks
The offices of FCI at Zonal and Regional level too have vigilance set up headed by officers of suitable rank which
assists the Zonal Executive Directors and General Managers, as the case may be
Functions performed by the Vigilance Officer, inter alia, include the following:
• Collecting intelligence about the corrupt practices committed, or likely to be committed by the employees of
his organisation
• Investigating or causing an investigation to be made into verifiable allegations reported
• Processing investigation reports for further consideration of the disciplinary authority concerned
• Referring the matters to FCI for advice wherever necessary
• Taking steps to prevent commission of improper practices/misconducts, etc.
36. Measures taken by FCI amidst Covid-19
• During the lockdown, NGOs and social institutions running relief camps are allowed to
purchase wheat and rice directly from FCI Depots at Open Market Sales Scheme* (OMSS) rate
• The State Governments can also purchase food grains directly from FCI
• Under the OMSS, the rates of Rice is fixed at Rs.22/kg and Wheat- Rs.21/kg
• Meanwhile, FCI has sold 4.68 Lakh Tonnes wheat and 6.58 Lakh Tonnes rice through OMSS
during the lockdown period
Open
Market Sales
Scheme
• This Scheme aims at ensuring sufficient food with the poor and needy during the COVID crisis
• The food grains were to be distributed to all the beneficiaries under the Targeted PDS for
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and priority household (PHH) ration cardholders
• The eligible individuals were to receive 5 kgs of food grains and 1 kg of pulses per month for a
period of three months between April and June, 2020
• This benefit has now been extended by GOI for 5 more months i.e. till November 2020
• FCI assumes significant role in implementation of this Scheme
Pradhan
Mantri Garib
Kalyan Anna
Yojana
*OMSS refers to selling of food grains by Government / Government agencies at predetermined prices in the open
market from time to time to enhance the supply of grains especially during the lean season (period between
planting and harvesting) and thereby to moderate the general open market prices especially in the deficit regions
43. Conclusion
FCI plays a significant role in protecting and improving the welfare of the farmers in the country
It also takes responsibility in delivering food grains at subsidised prices to the needy people
Going forward, FCI should adopt effective systems to optimize the utilization of storage capacities
Additionally, it should adopt strong controls to ensure that the food grains are distributed to the
intended consumers without any gaps or irregularities