This document discusses understanding design through biology beyond just biomimicry. It mentions several key biological concepts like morphology, evolution, physiology, life development, ethology, ecology, structure, function, ontogeny, experience, and market dynamics that are relevant to understanding design analogously to biology. The document lists several references for further reading on related topics like design prototypes, human-centered design, and more.

1. Understanding Design
through Biology
(Beyond Biomimicry)
Dr. Ricardo Sosa ricardo_sosa@sutd.edu.sg

2. Morphology
Evolution Physiology
Life
Development Ethology
Ecology

3. Structure
(phenotype)
Features
(genetics),
Creativity Function:
(mutation), needs,
Imitation,
Industry desires
(phylogeny)
Design
Ontogeny
(product
lifecycle) Performance,
Experience affordances,
(adaptation, meaning
genomics/prote
Market
omics)
dynamics, Co
mpetitors
(fitness, epige
Dr. Ricardo Sosa netics) ricardo_sosa@sutd.edu.sg

4. Design
Dr. Ricardo Sosa ricardo_sosa@sutd.edu.sg

5. Gero, J S ‘Design prototypes: a knowledge representation schema for design’ AI Magazine
Vol 11 No 4 (1990) 26–36

6. http://typhoon.arch.gatech.edu/old/Coa6763/Readings/gero04.pdf

9. http://www.ideo.com/work/ite
m/human-centered-design-
toolkit/