UC8-Exercise-efficient-and-effective-Sustainable-practices-in-the-Workplace-PTC.pdf

CBLM In
Exercise
Efficient and
Effective
Sustainable
Practices in the
Workplace
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COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector : AGRI-FISHERY (21st
CENTURY)
QUALIFICATION TITLE : ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
PRODUCTION NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Exercise efficient and effective
Sustainable practices in the
workplace.
MODULE TITTLE : Exercising efficient and effective
Sustainable practices in the
workplace.

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HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNINGMATERIAL?
The unit of competency, “Exercise Efficient and Effective
Sustainable Practices in the Workplace‖, is one of the nine
basic competencies of level II qualifications which comprises the
knowledge, skillsand attitudes for you to posses.
The module, “Exercising Efficient and Effective
Sustainable Practices in the Workplace‖, contains training
materials and activities for you to complete. It is one of the modules
required to complete a certain qualification.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities
in order to complete each of the learning outcomes of the
module. Information Sheet (IS) consists of learning contents that
you need to attain while reading. After IS is a Self-Check (SC)
that will help you test yourself if you have attained the learning
objectives.
Task Sheets (TS), Job Sheets (JS) and Procedural Sheet
(PS) are activity sheets that will help you practice the skills
previously discussed in the IS or demonstrated by your Learning
Facilitator (LF). A Performance Criteria Checklist (PCC) and
Procedural Checklist (PC) are provided with the TS or JS, and
PS which will allow for self-evaluation or peer evaluation. These
checklist may be used by your LF to evaluate your performance.
Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions, don‘t
hesitate to ask your LF for assistance.
The goal of this program is the development of practical
skills. To gain this skill, you must learn basic concepts and
terminology. For the most part, you‘ll get this information from the
IS.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire
knowledge and skills in this competency independently and at your
own pace, with minimum supervision or help from your LF.

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Remember to:
● Work through all the information sheets and complete
the activities in each section.
● Read IS and complete SC. Suggested references are
included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
● Perform there TS, JS, and PS until you are confident
that your outputs conform to the PCC and/or PC that
follows the sheets.
● Submit outputs of the TSs, and JSs to your LF for
evaluation and recording in the Achievement Chart.
Outputs shall serve as your portfolio during the
Institutional Competency Assessment. When you feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask
your LF to evaluate you. The results of your
Institutional Competency Assessment will be reflected
in the Progress Chart.
You MUST pass the Institutional Competency Assessment for
this before moving to another competency. A Certificate of
Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the
Institutional Competency Assessment.
Note:
Training is the sole purpose of this learning materials. Some pictures are
taken
from google as references.

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LIST OF COMPETENCIES
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code
Basic Competencies
1
Participate in
workplace
communication
Participate in workplace
communication
400311210
2
Work in a team
environment
Working in a team
environment
400311211
3
Solve/address General
Workplace Problems
Solving/addressing General
Workplace Problems
400311212
4
Develop Career and life
Decisions
Developing Career and life
Decisions
400311213
5
Contribute to
workplace innovation
Contributing to workplace
innovation
400311214
6
Present Relevant
Information
Presenting Relevant
Information
400311215
7
Practice Occupational
Safety and Health
Policies and Procedures
Practicing Occupational
Safety and Health Policies
and Procedures
400311216
8
Exercise efficient and
effective Sustainable
practices in the
workplace
Exercising efficient and
effective Sustainable
practices in the workplace
400311217
9
Practice
Entrepreneurial skills
in the workplace
Practicing Entrepreneurial
skills in the workplace
400311218

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Sustainable
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Competency - Based Learning Materials 1
How To Use This Competency-Based Learning Material 2
List Of Competencies 4
Table Of Contents 5
Module Content 6
Details Of Learning Outcome 8
Learning Experiences 9
Information Sheet 8.1-1 10
Self-Check 8.1-1 15
Answer Key 8.1-1 16
Self-Check 8.1-2 24
Answer Key 8.1-2 26
Nformation Sheet 8.1-3 27
Self-Check 8.1-3 34
Answer Key 8.1-3 35
Self-Check 8.1-4 45
Answer Key 8.1-4 46
Details Of Learning Outcome 47
Learning Experiences 48
Self-Check 8.3-1 58
Answer Key 8.3-1 60
Acknowledgment 61

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MODULE CONTENT
Qualification : Organic Agriculture Production NCII
Unit of Competency : Exercise efficient and effective sustainable
practices in the workplace
Module Title : Exercising efficient and effective
sustainable practices in the workplace
Module Descriptor :
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes to identify the efficiency
and effectiveness of resource utilization, determine causes of inefficiency and/or
ineffectiveness of resource utilization and convey in efficient and ineffective
environmental practices. This module covers materials to use such as Information
Sheets, Self-Checks, Task Sheets and Performance Criteria Checklists.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Identify the efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization.
2. Determine causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness of resource utilization.
3. Convey inefficient and ineffective environmental practices.
Assessment Criteria:
1. Measure required resource utilization in the workplace using appropriate techniques.
2. Record data in accordance with workplace protocol.
3. Compare recorded data to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of resource
utilization according to established environmental work procedures.
4. List potential causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness.
5. Identify causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness through deductive reasoning.
6. Validate causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness thru established environmental
procedures.
7. Report efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization to appropriate personnel.
8. Discuss concerns related resource utilization with appropriatepersonnel.
9. Clarify feedback on information/concerns raised with appropriate.

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Efficient and
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Sustainable
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DETAILS OF LEARNING OUTCOME
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Identify the efficiency
and effectiveness of
resource utilization
CONTENTS:
1. Importance of Environmental Literacy
2. Process of minimizing waste
3. Energy Efficiency
4. How to go green at work
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Measure required resource utilization in the
workplace usingappropriate techniques.
2. Record data in accordance with workplace protocol.
3. Compare recorded data to determine the efficiency and
effectiveness ofresource utilization according to established
environmental work procedures.
CONDITION:
Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
Tools Equipment Materials/ Supplies
Projector CBLM
Laptop
METHODOLOGIES
Discussion (Offline/Online) Lecture (Offline/Online)
Self-learning/Self-pace instruction
ASSESSMENT METHOD
Written Test

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
N
Learning Outcome 1: Identify Problem
Learning Activities Specific Instructions
1. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.1-1 in
Importance of
Environmental Literacy
Read and understand the information
sheet. After reading, answer the self-check
to determine your learning.
2. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1-
1 on
Importance of
Environmental Literacy
Refer your answers to the answer key 8.1-
1 for self-check. You are required to get
ALL answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
3. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.1-2 on Process of
minimizing waste
2 on Process of minimizing
waste
5. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.1-3 on Energy
Efficiency
3 on Energy Efficiency
7. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.1-4 on How to go
green at work
sheet. After reading, answer the self-
checkto determine your learning.
4 on How to go green at
work
Refer your answers to the answer key
8.1-4 for self-check. You are required to
get ALL answers correct. If not, read the

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INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-1
Importance of Environmental Literacy
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Discuss the steps in problem solving;
2. Identify a problem;
3. Value the skills of asking question to solve a problem.
Why Is Environmental Education Important?
Our nation‘s future relies on a
well-educated public to be wise
stewards of the very environment
that sustains us, our Families
and communities, and future
It is environmental education
which can best help us as individuals make the complex, conceptual
connections between economic prosperity, benefits to society, environmental
health, and our own well-being.
Ultimately, the collective wisdom of our citizens, gained through education, will be the
most compelling and most successful strategy for environmental management.
Yet studies consistently reveal that the U.S. public suffers from a tremendous
environmental literacy gap that appears to be increasing rather than decreasing. For
example, two-thirds of the public fail even a basic environmental quiz and a whopping
88 percent of the public fail a basic energy quiz.
These same studies found that 45 million Americans think the ocean is a source of
fresh water and 130 million believe that hydro power is America's top energy source.

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Environmental education increases student engagement in science
In our schools, research has shown enormous benefits from environmental education.
When integrated into a science curriculum, environmental education demonstrably improves
student achievement in science. Such an increase is likely due to the fact that
environmental education connects classroom learning to the real world.
Students, when given a choice, will gravitate towards environmental science. Science fair
administrators note that 40 percent of all science fair projects relate directly to the
environment, and the Corporation for National and Community Service reports that more than
50 percent of the service- learning programs they fund are focused on the environment.
The relative lack of environmental education in the U.S is one leading cause for
why our students‘ performance in science compared to other countries does not meet
our expectations (see The Influence of Environmental Education on U.S.
Performance in TIMSS vs. NAEP).
Environmental education improves student achievement in core
subject areas
Students participate in outdoor environmental education
when integrated into the core curricula or used as an integrating
theme across the curriculum, environmental education has a
measurably positive impact not only on student achievement in
science, but also in reading (sometimes spectacularly), math,
and social studies.
The same study found that schools that taught the core subjects using
the environment as an integrating context also demonstrated:

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 Reduced discipline and classroom management problems;
 Increased engagement and enthusiasm for learning; and,
 Greater student pride and ownership in accomplishments.
Even more importantly for many, environmental education employs and enhances
critical thinking and basic life skills. The National Science Board of the National Science
Foundation confirmed the importance of environmental education to student learning in their
2000 report, Environmental Science and Engineering for the 21st Century:
"The twin goals of learning
are to acquire knowledge and gain
skills such as problem solving,
consensus building, information
management, communication,
and critical and creative thinking.
Environmental issues offer
Excellent Vehicles for developing
and exercising many of
these skills using a systems approach changes should be made in the formal
educational system to help all students, educators, and educational
administrators learn about the environment, the economy, and social equity as
they relate to all academic disciplines and their daily lives."
Likewise, the 2005 Report to Congress submitted by the National Environmental
Education Advisory Council on the status of environmental education in the United States
finds that "environmental education with its emphasis on critical thinking, interdisciplinary
teaching, and learner achievement is also helping to meet educational reform goals."
Environmental education provides critical tools for a 21st century workforce Black water
Wildlife Refuge Photo courtesy David Oman The vast majority of Americans are convinced that
the environment will become at least one of the dominant issues and challenges of the 21st
century, as the growing needs of the growing global population increasingly presses up against
the limits of the earth‘s resources and ecosystems.
The National Science Foundation‘s Advisory Committee for Environmental
Research and Education confirmed this in a 2003 report,noting that "in the
coming decades, the public will more frequently be called upon to understand
complex environmental issues, assess risk, evaluate proposed environmental
plans and understand how individual decisions affect the environment at local and
global scales. Creating a scientifically informed citizenry requires a concerted,
systematic approach to environmental education..."
At the same time, business leaders increasingly believe that an environmentally literate

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workforce is critical to their long-term success and profitability, with better environmental
practices and improved efficiencies impacting positively on the bottom line while helping to
better position and prepare their companies for the future.
Charles O. Holiday, Jr., Chairman and CEO of DuPont, speaks for a growing number of
his peers in declaring that: "an environmentally sustainable business is just good business,
given the growing concern for environmental problems across America.
A key component of an environmentally sustainable business is a highly educated work
force, particularly involving environmental principles." As one example on the micro scale, the
National Environmental and Training Foundation estimates that environmental education
about topics such as energy, water and waste management, improved employee health, cleaner
working conditions, and recycling would save small and medium sized businesses alone at
least $25 billion/year.
“Environmental Education helps address "nature deficit disorder"
A recent study found that children today spend an average of 6 hours each day in front
of the computer and TV but less than 4 minutes a day in unstructured outdoor play, leading
researchers to discover a new condition specific to this current generation that they have called
"nature deficit disorder".
This extreme emphasis of indoor time spent in front of screens versus outdoor play and
discovery has been correlated with negative psychological and physical effects including
obesity, loneliness, depression, attention problems and greater social isolation due to
reduced time with friends and family.
What do increase study of science and nature and its increased outdoor time
accomplish? Especially in the very young, it has proved in studies extremely beneficial for
cognitive functioning, reduced symptoms of attention deficit disorder.

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SELF-CHECK 8.1-1
A. SHORT ESSAY.
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the answer on
your answer sheet.
1. Why Is Environmental Education Important?
2. What do increase study of science and nature and its
increased outdoor time accomplish

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ANSWER KEY 8.1-1
A. SHORT ESSAY
1. Why is Environmental Education Important?
 It is environmental education which can best help us as individuals make the
complex, conceptual connections between economic prosperity, benefits to society,
environmental health, and our own well being.
 Ultimately, the collective wisdom of our citizens, gained through education,
will be the most compelling and most successfulstrategy for environmental
management.
2. What do increase study of science and nature and its increased outdoor
time accomplish?
 Especially in the very young, it has proved in studies extremely beneficial for
cognitive functioning, reduced symptoms of attention deficit disorder.

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Process of Minimizing Waste
Learning Objective:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Discuss waste minimization technique;
2. Explain the 3 R‘s of waste minimization;
3. Appreciate the benefits of waste minimization.
What is the Process of Minimizing Waste?
Every year, millions of tons of
waste is generated from both
households and building
construction, most of which
ends up in landfills with a small
percentage being recycled. small
percentage being recycled. Thus,
there is a great need for waste minimization
as this will not only have a huge environmental impact but also present substantial
economic and social benefits.
Waste minimization entails limiting the amount of waste that is generated thereby helping to
eliminate the production of persistent and harmful wastes effectively supporting efforts that
promote a society that is sustainable. Thus, waste minimization involves a change of societal
patterns that relate to production and consumption as well as redesigning products to
eliminate the generation of waste.

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According to University of California,
―Waste Minimization is reduction in the quantity of hazardous wastes
achieved through a conscientious application of innovative or alternative
procedures. Simple adjustments to a process producing wastes (e.g. a
teaching lab experiment, a vehicle cleaning operation, etc.) may be the only
requirement to achieve some results. However, looking at the broader picture
in the University environment, it is often difficult to recognize waste
reductions due to the complex and changing growth patterns within the
campus community. Reductions are often offset by increased staff and
student growth and/or building construction.‖
Benefits of Waste Minimization
While it is obvious that waste minimization supports sound business
and economic practices in addition to protecting the environment, other
benefitsinclude the following:
 Improved product quality – New technological practices and innovation will not only
reduce generation of waste but also contribute to improved input quality that
translates to improved products.
 Economic benefits – Efficiency in product use translates to reduced costs when
purchasing materials thus significantly affecting financial performance.
 Efficiency of production practices – Waste minimization will attain more output of
the product for every part of raw material.
 Environmental responsibility – eliminating or minimizing
generationof waste will make it easy for you to achieve
environmental policies, standards and regulations.
 Public image – Embracing waste minimization will boost the
reputation of your company, as it is a reflection of proactive
movementin the quest to protect the environment.

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3 R’s of Waste Minimization
Waste minimization revolves around three R‘s as follows:
Reduce
This calls for using resources
that are just enough to cater
toyour needs for instance building a smaller
house. This is an effective way of
conserving resources as it also lowers the
costs. This can be achieved through attaining
that there is no waste or no material is sitting on the site for long periods that it
is damaged.
Reuse
Here, you will do well to reuse
existing materials and buildings
effectively reducing the
need for resources while lowering
Waste volumes and saving money.
A huge percentage of resources are
incorporated in the construction
of homes owing to the mixed materials that are used yet the end destination for
most of them are landfills. Thus, renovating a house is a much better option than
bringing it down to put up another one because a negligible fraction of the old
house may be reused/recycled.

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Recycle
Using left over resources
or those resources that
have reached the end of
their life minimizes the
need for new materials as
well as lowers the
volume that ends up in landfills.
Thus, it is advisable to use materials
that are recyclable as this creates a market for the resources that are
recycled while also raising the price that recycles pay for resources that
are recovered even as the recycling viability increases.
Waste Minimization Techniques
Optimization of resources
In order to reduce the quantity
of waste that is produced
by individuals or organizations
calls for the optimization of raw
materialsused in production.
For instance, adressmaker
will do well to arrange the
pieces of pattern in a certain
way along the length of the fabric
to use a small portion of the fabric.
Scrap metal reuse
Incorporating scraps into
the initial stages of manufacturing
is asurefire way of ensuring that
they do not end up in landfills as
waste products. A majority of industries
embrace this process effectively
returning rolls that are damaged

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to the initial production line and in the manufacturing of off cuts, plastic items so
that scrap is re-incorporated in the new commodities.
Quality control improvement and process monitoring
Measures can be put in place to control
the number of rejects andensure it
is at a minimum. This may be
achieved through increased frequency
of inspection as well asincreasing
the number of inspection points. For
instance, installation ofcontinuous
monitoring device that is automated
will help in identifying production
problems before they get to an advanced
stage.
Exchange of Waste
Here, the waste products from one process
are used as raw materials for other processes.
Exchange of waste is another means
of minimizing waste disposal volumes
especially for waste that may not be eliminated.
Shipping to the point of use
Here, raw materials as well
as othercomponents are directly
delivered at the point of assembly or
manufacturing plant ostensibly to
minimize handling and use of
enclosures and protective wrappings.

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Zero waste
This systems approach is designed to eliminate waste
from the source as well as at every point of the supply
chain to ensure that no waste is produced.
This design philosophy places emphasis
on waste prevention and not waste
management at the end of production line.
Waste Minimization for Households
Households can practice waste minimization by employing various techniques. One of the ways
to achieve this is through purchasing adequate sizes and amounts of food.
Purchasing large containers of paint
when taking small decorating jobs
or purchasing large volumes of food
than you need will result in wastage.
In instances where cans or packs may
be thrown the remains of the containers should
be removed to allow for recycling
of the container.

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Home composting, thoughtful use
of electricity as well as reducing the
number of car journeys is also a
great way of waste minimization.
Generally, buying fewer products or
products that last longer, mending
worn or broken equipment or clothing
can also minimize household waste.
Additionally, households can also
minimize wastage of water and
cycle or walk to various destinations
as opposed to using cars thereby saving
on fuel. Overall, personal waste reduction
will have an effect on the general waste
volumes. Consumers may also shun
products without eco-labeling.
Waste Minimization in Building Construction
An assessment of streams of waste shows that energy savings may be achieved at
minimal cost or no cost within the construction sector. Consequently, the environmental
impact of materials may be reduced significantly with reuse.
While at it, it is important to ensure you work with the concerned authorities that
include local councils, regional waste authorities, landfill operator or waste recycling
contractors. Some of the construction materials that may be recycled include steel, aluminum,
gypsum plasterboard, timber, concrete, glass, carpet, plastics as well as bricks and tiles.
It is important to put in place waste minimization strategies that have been agreed upon
by both the parties. A team approach is highly effective in reducing waste.

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SELF-CHECK 8.1-2
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently. Write the answer on your
answer sheet.
1. This systems approach is designed to eliminate waste from the source as well as at
every point of the supply chain to ensure that no waste is produced.
1. Optimization of resources
2. Scrap metal reuse
3. Exchange of waste
4. Zero waste
2. Using left over resources or those resources that have reached the end of their life
minimizes the need for new materials as well as lowers the volume that ends up in landfills.
a. Zero waste
b. Recycle
c. Reduce
d. Reuse
3. It entails limiting the amount of waste that is generated thereby helping to eliminate
the production of persistent and harmful wastes effectively supporting efforts that promote a
society that is sustainable.
a. Waste minimization
b. Scrap metal reuse
c. Exchange of waste
d. Zero waste

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4. It is a minimization technique where, the waste products from one process are used as
raw materials for other processes.
a. Optimization of resources
b. Scrap metal reuses
c. Exchange of waste
d. Zero waste
5. Any operation by which products or components that are not waste are used again for
the same purpose for which they were conceived.
a. Recycle of waste
b. Reuse of waste
c. Reduce of waste
d. Zero waste

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ANSWER KEY 8.1-2
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B

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Energy Efficiency
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU should be able to:
1. Explain the reason for conserving energy;
2. Distinguish energy consumption and energy conservation;
3. Appreciate the importance of energy efficiency.

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Why conserve energy in the first place?
Energy conservation is important and beneficial for many reasons. You can
save money, increase your property value, and protect the environment all
through simple energy-saving measures.
These are great benefits you can gain from saving energy no matter your exact
motivation for conservation in the first place. By simply taking a small step towards living a
more energy-conscious lifestyle, you can begin to enjoy all of the perks of being energy efficient.
What is energy efficiency?
The term ‗energy efficiency‘ is used a lot these
days. Labels on appliances, advertisements
from energycompanies and evenpromises
from the government all use the phrase, but
what does it really mean?
Something is more energy efficient if it lasts longer or works better than a traditional
version of the same appliance, but uses the same amount of energy. Or even if it delivers the
same performance as the traditional version, but uses less energy.
Ultimately,energy efficiency means
doing more with less: that is, squeezing as much
useful power out of as little
energy as possible, and not letting any go
to waste. Take an old-style light
bulb, for example. These bulbs produced

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light, but wasted a lot of heat in the
process. New energy-saving light bulbs
create the same amount of light without
creating wasted heat, and they use less energy in the first place.
The same principle applies to all kinds of energy-saving appliances. An energy-
efficient fridge will use less energy than an old model but still keep your food cool, while
an energy-efficient washing machine will get your clothes smelling fresh and clean without
using as much power as an older version.
The term energy efficiency can also be used in a wider sense. Instead of focusing on the
energy efficiency of a single item (such as an appliance), we can also look at the energy
efficiency of whole buildings.
If two buildings are supplied with the same amount of energy to create heat, the building
that can generate and retain the most heat – rather than only creating a little heat and then
losing it – is the more energy-efficient building.
Why do we need to be energy efficient?
Energy consumption has grown incredibly fast
over the last few decades. We are in danger of
using up the planet‘s natural resources, of
destroying vital habitats and polluting the air
we need to breathe.
Energy efficiency is a way of managingand
limiting this growth in energy consumption, to save wildlife habitats, safeguard the planet, and
make sure there is energy left for future generations.

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What do we mean by energy conservation, and what’s the definition ofenergy
consumption?
Energy consumption is the amount of energy used up by a process,
systemor appliance – or by a country, person or business.
Energy conservation simply means using less energy, or even none at all.
Why is energy efficiency important?
Energy efficiency is playing an increasingly vital role in our lives, for three
main reasons:
The environment
The more energy we use, the more
carbon emissions are pumped into
the atmosphere and the more our
reserves of natural resources such as oil,
coal and gas are depleted. Weneed to
reduce our reliance on these energy
sources, and one way to do that is to
make sure we all use energy as
efficiently as possible.

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The economy
The global economy is based heavily
on oil and gas, and as these resources
dwindle their cost willincrease, causing
financialimbalances around the world
and resulting in energy poverty in many
Your bank balance!
Nobody wants to pay more than they
have to for everyday necessities like
heating and hot water, so it makes sense
o be energy efficient. That way you fulfil
your energy needs while paying as little as
possible.
How can you be more energy efficient?
If you want to know how to be more
energy efficient, the first place to
start is to make sure your home and
all your electrical appliances work as
efficiently as possible. It isn‘t energy
efficient to throw out all your old products
and replace them with new, energy-saving
items; instead, wait until they wear out
and then replace them. Here are
few ideas to get you started:
The first rule of saving electricity is:
don‘t leave appliances on standby. Of course
you need to leave your fridge and freezer of
full time, and maybe your alarm system – and
you may need to leave the TV or satellite box on
to record your favourite programmers. But for
practically everything else electrical: when
you‘re not using them, switch them off at the wall.

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Rechargeable batteries can also be a good choice. Just make sure you get top-quality
ones that will last and hold their charge. You could also invest in a ‗smart charger‘ that can
prevent your batteries from overcharging.
If you want to make your laptop more energy efficient, you can get an Eco button. It
plugs into a USB port, and flashes to remind you to press if you decide to stop using
your computer for a while. It can then put your computer into its most efficient energy-saving
mode. When you log on again, you can see on screen how much money and CO2 you‘ve saved.
Switch to energy-saving light bulbs
Energy-efficient bulbs use up to 80% less
electricity than traditional light bulbs and
can keep going for ten times as long.
Brightening rooms with efficient LED bulbs
can save households about $100 a year,
adding up to national savings of around $12.5
billion (if LED's were universally adopted) while
cutting carbon emissions generated by electricity
production.
More than 150 varieties of LED bulbs—the most efficient lighting choice—are on the
market. They use up to 90 percent less energy than older, incandescent bulbs, allowing you
to save up to $100 on energy bills over a bulb‘s lifetime.
Why Is It Important to Use Less Energy?
Using less energy through efficiency
measures is good for the economy and
your wallet. By reducing the amount
of energy required for certain tasks,
energy efficiency is also good for the
planet. It can help to reduce air and
water pollution caused by certain
types of energy generation and
Avoid negative impacts on critical ecosystems—such as the obstacles a new
hydroelectric dam could impose on migrating salmon. It can also relieve stress on
the power grid.

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Cutting Carbon Pollution
Boosting energy efficiency inbuildings,
vehicles, and appliances and equipment is
an inexpensive, low-impact way to reduce
climate pollution on a grand scale. One
extremely effective way to cut carbon dioxide
(CO2) emissions is through a more efficient
home.
Widespread use of efficient appliances, electronics, equipment and lighting, along with
better insulation and other weatherization, could cut 550 million metric tons of carbon
pollution a year by 2050—equal to the electric power emissions produced by Texas, New York,
Florida, Illinois, Virginia, and California in 2016.
More than 2.2 million Americans have jobs in energy efficiency or clean energy
production. That‘s more
than five times the jobs in the dirty
energy industries, including coal, gas,
and oil. In fact, about one in every six
construction jobs in the country is
connected to energy efficiency.
Lowering Bills
Energy-efficient appliances can save a U.S.
household up to $500 a year on utility bills.
People who live in the five least-efficient states
(Wyoming, North Dakota, Alabama, South Dakota,
and Mississippi) have seen their electric bills
increase twice as much as those who live in he five
most-efficient states (California, Oregon,
Connecticut, Vermont, and New York)
according to 2016 rankings.
Low-income urban households have an energy burden—the proportion of income
spent on energy—three times higher than that of higher-income households, partially due to
lack of weatherization. Similarly, the energy burden on low-income rural families is nearly
three times that of other rural households.

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Improving Lives
Energy efficiency can also
help people live healthier,
longer lives. Cuttingnationwide
energy consumption by 15 percent
for one year via efficiency measures
could help save six American lives a
day and avoid up to $20 billion in
health-related problems.
When power plants burn coal, oil, and natural gas, they release tiny particles into the air
we breathe; these particles are linked to asthma, heart attacks, and lung cancer. Inside a
home, inefficient ventilation and weatherization can also contribute to respiratory illnesses.
Energy efficiency can even improve the comfort of everyday life, which may not be factored
into benefit statistics.
Strengthening Independence
On a larger scale, energy efficiency can improve energy security, creating a more
resilient power grid and making the country less dependent on foreign sources of fossil fuels.

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SELF-CHECK 8.1-3
A. Short Essay Question
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer
intelligently. Write theanswer on your answer sheet.
1. Why conserving energy is important?
2. Why is it important to use less energy?
3. How can you be more energy efficient?
4. Why do we need to be energy efficient?

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ANSWER KEY 8.1-3
A. Short Essay Questions
1. Why conserving energy is important?
 Energy conservation is important and beneficial for
many reasons. You can save money, increase your
property value, and protect the environment all
through simple energy-savingmeasures.
2. Why is it important to use less energy?
 Using less energy through efficiency measures is good for
the economy and your wallet. By reducing the amount of
energy required for certain tasks, energy efficiency is also
good for the planet. It can help to reduce air and water
pollution caused by certain types of energy generation
and avoid negative impacts on critical ecosystems—such
as the obstacles a new hydroelectric dam could impose
on migrating salmon. It can also relieve stress on the
power grid.
3. How can you be more energy efficient?
 The first place to start is to make sure your home and all
your electrical appliances work as efficiently as possible.
It isn’t energy efficient to throw out all your old products
and replace them with new, energy-saving items; instead,
wait until they wear out and then replace them.
4. Why do we need to be energy efficient?
 Energy consumption has grown incredibly fast over the
last few decades. We are in danger of using up the
planet’s natural resources, of destroying vital habitats
and polluting the air we need to breathe.
 Energy efficiency is a way of managing and limiting this
growth in energy consumption, to save wildlife habitats,
safeguard the planet, and make sure there is energy
left for future generations.

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How to go green at work
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU should
be able to:
1. Identify the steps how to go green at work;
2. Appreciate the need to save energy at work;
Create a healthier workplace environment.
If you are already taking environmentally
friendly steps at home, it's a natural
extension to take similar measures at
work,both to save energy and to create
A healthier workspace environment.
Making the environment more pleasant for
yourself, efficient, and eco-friendly
will increase your enjoyment workplace
and lessen its impact on the environment
as a whole.
Being energy and resource efficient and conscious of improving
the health and well-being of the work environment will also reduce the
costs of running a business. It's time to "go green" at work, and here
is how.
Steps
1. Feel empowered. You don't need to
be management to institute change;
your role as someone who cares about
improving the energy efficiency and
healthiness of your workplace is just
as vital as those able to make the "big decisions".
In fact, change from the bottom-up is often
a lot more effective as everyone has "buy-in".
And just because you don't make the purchasing
decisions, it doesn't mean you can't influence them.
Do your research, point out the financial savings to
management, and enlist the enthusiasm of your team members too.

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Tell them about the research that shows a happier workplace is more
productive and creative, with less absenteeism. Encourage them to
take this further by considering how to bring sustainable happiness
into the work environment. Find the information, show by doing, and
create the momentum, all just because you care.
2. Conserve your computer's energy.
For many people with desk jobs the
computer is necessary to get things done.
Yet, this "efficiency" comes at a cost - it is
estimated that people waste over $1 billion
in electricity every year just in computer
use! To help conserve energy from your
computer use, you can:
 Invest in an energy-saving computer, monitor and printer - it's
easy to find these computers thanks to the Energy Star label in
the USA. The energy savings rating is available in many other
countries as well.
 Switch to energy-saving settings - the Climate Savers
Computing Initiative recommends these power management
settings:
 Monitor and display sleep: Turn off after 15 minutes
or less;
 Turn off hard drives and hard disk sleep: 15
minutes or less; and
 System standby or sleep: After 30 minutes or less.
 Set the computer to sleep mode when you are away for short
periods of time. And don't use a screensaver - these use energy
rather than save it, and you are much better off relying on the
power management features to power down to lowest energy
use, or sleep mode. A computer in sleep mode can save 60-70% of
power.
 Turn off your computer whenever you‘re not using it, especially
when leaving work. And note that it isn't true that turning your
computer on and off will wear it out.
 Switch to a laptop or a thin client. Laptops and thin clients use
less energy than desktop computers.
3. Turn off all peripherals when not in use. peripherals such as
printers, video cards, speakers, and
scanners continue to consume power
even when not in use. Unplug them

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and save energy.
a. Unplug power adapters when not in use.
b. Unplug battery chargers and other chargers when the
charging is complete, otherwise they are still consuming energy.
c. Use a power strip as a central turn-off point to reduce the
number of switching off actions required.
4. Reduce printer use. The
printer is one of the most used
office items. Every day it
cranks out tons of important
faxes, emails and other
documents. Here are some
ways you make your printer use
greener:
d. Don't print unnecessarily. Most stuff can be handled online
or on-screen. Learn to increase the font or zoom in if you need to see
better.
e. Try not to print in color - learn how to Cut
Printing Costs on an Inkjet Color Printer.
f. Use a printer that does double-sided copying (also
called duplexing). If your workplace doesn't have this,
request that such a printer be added to the network and
designate that one for the big printing jobs.
g. Print in draft mode. In addition, try to print more
screen pages to a paper page. Printing two screen pages per
printed page is still readable and double-sided, that
means four screen pages per one paper page—a
huge paper savings!
h. Recycle ink and toner cartridges - learn how
to Refill and Reusea Printer Cartridge.
i. Try to use a multifunction device. This is a
combination of printer/scanner/copier in one.
Especially if it is Energy Star rated, it can save both
energy and space.

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5. Reduce your paper waste. Do you have to print out every
email and handout? Reduce paper waste by deciding to go paperless
wherever possible.
You can try to:
a. Keep copies of important emails,
files, and more on your computer,
or share them online or in the cloud.
b. Use old paper with
extra space to print small documents.
c. Don‘t get any extra catalogs or magazines mailed to
your office. Use a sharing system to pass around
interesting materials between everyone's in-trays, or get
off mailing lists entirely and consult such matter
online. This saves paper and money, and it cuts down
on clutter.
d. Get your check directly deposited. Payment direct
to your bank account saves paper, and it's likely to
save you time,too.
e. Send company updates through email instead of
on paper.
f. Use just one paper towel each time you wash your
hands.
6. Prioritize your paper use. When you do use
paper, make eco-friendly paper choices. Here
are some things you can do:
a. Buy recycled and chlorine-free paper.
b. Try paper made from organic products
like bamboo, cotton or hemp.
c. Print on both sides of the paper.
d. Shred old paper to use as packing material.
e. Save and reuse old boxes.
f. Use old sheets of paper for scrap paper or note taking. Use

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mistake prints as scribble paper, or send a stack along
toyour children's daycare or school for artwork use.
7. Reduce energy usage. Along with reducing the energy usage of
your computer and peripherals,
there are several broader ways
To reduce energy usage in
the workplace:
a. Replace your desk lamp light
bulbs and overhead lights (where
possible) with compact fluorescent
light bulbs or LEDs qualified with
the Energy Star rating. These bulbs
use 75% less energy than incandescent bulbs and last up to 10 times
as long. You may have to ask whoever is in charge of facilities for help
with changing building lighting.
b. Turn lights off when nobody is using a space. Where the lighting
controls are on automatic override, talk to building management
about having the settings changed to only use sufficient lighting for
security and safety purposes, rather than over-lighting the whole
building. Request motion sensing light switches, to turn off unused
lights automatically.
c. During cold weather, keep blinds open to let the warmth in; during
warm weather, keep blinds pulled to close out the heat of the
summer sun.
d. Keep windows and vents clear of obstructions, to allow the free flow
of air.
e. Use Energy Star rated programmable thermostats to adjust heating
and cooling in the building automatically to avoid wasting energy,
especially when no one is around.
f. Get an Energy Star qualified water cooler. These use half the energy
as standard units.
g. Turn off projectors and screens in conference rooms when not in
use.
8. Maintain healthy airflow. It is already bad enough that you
have to worry about air pollution
every time you walk outside, but
it is also a big priority when you
work inside. If you work in an office,
cubicle, or workshop, it's likely that
you're spending most of your time indoors.

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A Canadian survey found that
people spend over 96% of time at home indoors and over 83% of time
at work or school indoors, equaling about 40 or more hours at your
desk, office, or cubicle. Here are some ways that you can maintain a
healthy air flow in your office:
a. Use non-toxic cleaning products, and encourage cleaning staff to do
the same. Water-dampened cloths are sufficient to clean most dusty
work spaces.
b. Open your windows to increase air flow. If you can't open windows,
be sure to take outdoor breaks throughout the day.
c. Don‘t smoke in or near the office.
Never bring any aerosol can to work.
Use an air purifier to get rid of contaminants.
9. Green your desk, cubicle, office... literally. Get a plant and place
it on or near your desk. Better
yet, buy plants for all of your
neighbors. They will not only see
this as a friendly gesture, but
they‘ll also have cleaner air to
breathe. Plants absorb indoor air
pollution and increase the flow of
oxygen, so get a green accessory to
complement your desk. Check out wiki How's article on
how to choose a good office plant.
10. Recycle. There are many items in your office that you can
recycle. If you do not have a
recycling station at work, start
one on your own. You can get a
few bins and post recycling
guidelines above them. Some
of them may include recycling:
a. Paper products like copy paper, envelopes, magazines, etc.
b. Cardboard boxes from shipped supplies;
c. Soda cans and plastic bottles;
d. Aluminum foil;
e. Plastic bags;

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f. Ink cartridges; and
g. Edible items (see next).
11. Eat green and healthy. Everyone looks forward to their lunch
break. You can save a good
Amount of money (about
$3,000 a year) by not going
out to eat every day and instead
packing your lunch. Follow these
lunch tips to have healthier, greener
eating habits:
a. Pack your lunch in a
reusable lunch bag or box. Bento boxes are popular, allowing you to
have a delicious, healthy variety every lunch.
b. If you bring your lunch in a paper or plastic bag, recycle it. Plastic
bags can be washed and left standing upside down overnight to dry.
c. Use containers, mugs, and silverware that can be washed and
used again
d. Switch to organic food and drinks.
e. Drink from the fountain instead of bringing water bottles. You can
bring your own durable, reusable water bottle for constant refills.
f. Use a ceramic or glass coffee cup instead of paper or plastic.
g. Recycle your soda cans, bottles and aluminum foil.
h. Use a washable napkin instead of paper towels.
i. Walk to a healthy lunch eatery if you forget to pack your lunch.
j. If there is a break room, ask that dish soap be provided there, so
you can wash your reusable cups and flatware, and simply leave them
at work.
1.Travel green. The first part of your workday starts
with gettingto work, and for many people
that means driving.
Cars emit tons of carbon dioxide

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gases into the air, contributing
to greenhouse gases. Getting stuck
in a traffic jam regularly is also
bound to increase your stress levels.
Here are some ideas you can do for
a green ride:
a. Join a ride share or carpool.
b. Take the train, bus or subway.
c. Ride a bike or walk if you live close enough.
d. Invest in a hybrid or electric car, but remember that
the energy to power it must still come from somewhere.
e. Reduce your travel by telecommuting, or working from
homewhenever possible. This option is becoming
increasingly viable for many office-based jobs, and if
your workplace offers it, look into the potential of using
it for at least some ofyour work week.
f. Reduce your air travel, too. You'll save time,money, and
significant greenhouse gas emissions by phoning or
teleconferencing in to a meeting, instead of flying to be there.
Spread the word. The best way to stay involved in
the greenscene at work is to get
others involved. Share your practices
and wisdom with your boss and co-workers.
You can do this by:
a. Creating a Green Team. The US
Environmental Protection Agency
suggests creating a Green Team that includes
everyone fromthe CEO to the office intern and to
set a goal to make your building the most energy
efficient one in your country.
b. Encouraging the office to join or start a recycling program.
c. Purchasing company carbon credits.
d. Buying eco-friendly office products.

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e. Setting up a carpool calendar.
f. Making green actions fun. Get everyone to pack
their lunchand eat together. Not only do you get to
share tasty morsels, but it's a great chance to get to
know your coworkers outsidethe daily work grind.
SELF-CHECK 8.1-4
A. Enumeration
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer
intelligently. Write theanswer on your answer sheet.
1. Give the 13 steps of how to go green at work.

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ANSWER KEY 8.1-4
A. Enumeration
1. Give the 13 steps on how to go green at work
a. Feel empowered
b. Conserve your computer’s energy
c. Turn off all peripherals when not in use
d. Reduce printer use
e. Reduce your paper waste
f. Prioritize your paper use
g. Reduce energy use
h. Maintain healthy airflow
i. Green desk, cubicle, office
j. Recycle
k. Eat green and healthy
l. Travel green

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DETAILS OF LEARNING OUTCOME
LEARNING OUTCOME 3
Convey inefficient and ineffective
environmental practices
CONTENTS:
1. The eight ways of Lean
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Plan implementation of solutions
2. Plan evaluation of implemented solutions
3. Document recommended solution and submit to appropriate person
for confirmation
CONDITION:
Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
Tools Equipment Materials/ Supplies
Projector CBLM
Laptop
METHODOLOGY:
● Group Discussion
● Lecture
● Demonstration
● Role Playing
ASSESSMENT METHOD
● Demonstration
● Oral Questioning
● Observation

CBLM In
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Efficient and
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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 3: Recommend solutions to Problems
Learning Activities Specific Instructions
1. Read INFORMATION
SHEET 8.3-1 in the eight
ways of Lean
sheet. After reading, answer the self-
check to determine your learning.
2. Answer SELF-CHECK 8.3-1
on the eight ways of Lean
Refer your answers to the answer key
8.3-1 for self-check. You are required
to get ALL answers correct. If not,
read the information sheet again to
answer all questions correctly.

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Efficient and
Effective
Sustainable
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Date Prepared:
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The Eight Ways of Lean
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET,
YOU should be able to:
1. Identify the eight wastes of lean;
2. Develop habits that would reduce waste in daily
routine;
Lean thinking aims to remove wastes from
work processes. Before divinginto the 8
wastes, it is important to understand what
waste is.

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Efficient and
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Waste is any action or step in a process that
does not add value to the customer. In other words,
waste is any process that the customer does notwant
to pay for.
The original seven wastes (Muda) was developed by Taiichi Ohno, the
Chief Engineer at Toyota, as part of the Toyota Production System
(TPS). The seven wastes are Transportation, Inventory, Motion,
Waiting, Overproduction, Over-processing and Defects.
They are often referred to by the acronym ‗TIMWOOD‘. The 8th
waste of non-utilized talent or ‗Skills‘ of workers was later introduced
in the 1990s when the Toyota Production System was adopted in the
Western.
As a result, the 8 wastes are commonly referred to as
‗TIMWOODS‘. In the following section we will examine each of these
wastes in detail.
1. Transport
Waste in transportation includes movement of people, tools,
inventory, equipment, or products further than necessary. Excessive
movement of materials can lead to product damage and defects.

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Efficient and
Effective
Sustainable
Practices in the
Workplace
Date Prepared:
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Additionally, excessive movement of people and equipment can lead to
unnecessary work, greater wear and tear, and exhaustion.
In the office, workers who collaborate with each other often
should be close together. In the factory, materials necessary for
production should be easily accessible at the production location and
double or triple handling of materials should be avoided.
Some of the countermeasures to transportation waste includes
developing a U-shape production line, creating flow between
processes, and not over-producing work in process (WIP) items.
Illustration of Transportation Waste (LeanOp)
1. Inventory
Often times it is difficult
to think about excess inventory
as waste. In accounting, inventory
is seen as an asset and oftentimes
suppliers give discount for bulk
purchases. But having more
inventory than necessary to sustain
a steady flow of work can lead to
problems including: product
defects or damage materials, greater lead time in the production
process, an inefficient allocation of capital, and problems being hidden
away in the inventory.
Excess inventory can be caused by over-purchasing,
overproducing work in process (WIP), or producing more products

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Efficient and
Effective
Sustainable
Practices in the
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Date Prepared:
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than the customer needs. Excess inventory prevents detecting
production-related problems since defects have time to accumulate
before it is discovered. As a result, more work will be needed to
correct the defects.
In-office inventory waste could be files waiting to be worked on,
customers waiting for service, unused records in a database, or
obsolete files. Manufacturing inventory waste could include broken
machines sitting around, more finished products than demanded,
extra materials taking up work space, and finished products that
cannot be sold.
Some countermeasures for inventory include: purchasing raw
materials only when needed and in the quantity needed, reducing
buffers between production steps, and creating a queue system to
prevent overproduction.
Illustration of Inventory Waste (LeanOp)
1. Motion
The waste in motion includes any unnecessary movement of
people, equipment, or machinery. This includes walking, lifting,
reaching, bending, stretching, and moving. Tasks that require
excessive motion should be redesigned to enhance the work of
personnel and increase the health and safety levels.
In the office, wasted motion can include walking, reaching to get
materials, searching for files, sifting through inventory to find what is
needed, excess mouse clicks, and double entry of data.
Manufacturing motion waste can include repetitive movements that do
not add value to the customer, reaching for materials, walking to get a

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Efficient and
Effective
Sustainable
Practices in the
Workplace
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tool or materials, and readjusting a component after it has been
installed.
Some countermeasures for motion include making sure the
workspace is well organized, placing equipment near the production
location, and putting materials at an ergonomic position to reduce
stretching and straining.
Illustration of Motion Waste (LeanOp)
2. Waiting
The waste of waiting includes: 1) people waiting on material or
equipment and 2) idle equipment. Waiting time is often caused by
unevenness in the production stations and can result in excess
inventory and overproduction.
In the office, waiting waste can include waiting for others to
respond to an email, having files waiting for review, ineffective
meetings, and waiting for the computer to load a program. In the
manufacturing facility, waiting waste can include waiting for materials
to arrive, waiting for the proper instructions to start manufacturing,
and having equipment with insufficient capacity.
Some countermeasures for waiting include: designing processes to

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Effective
Sustainable
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ensure continuous flow or single piece flow, leveling out the workload
by using standardized work instructions, and developing flexible
multi-skilled workers who can quickly adjust in the work demands.
Illustration of Waiting Waste (LeanOp)
6.Overproduction
Overproduction occurs when manufacturing a product or an
element of the product before it is being asked for or required. It may
be tempting to produce as many products as possible when there is
idle worker or equipment time.
However, rather than producing products just when they are
needed under the ‗Just In Time‘ philosophy, the ‗Just In Case‘ way of
working leads a host of problems including preventing smooth flow of
work, higher storage costs, hiding defects inside the WIP, requiring
more capital expenditure to fund the production process, and
excessive lead-time.

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Additionally, over-producing a product also leads to an increase
in likelihood that the product or quantities of products produced
are beyond the customer‘s requirements.
In an office environment, overproduction could include making
extra copies, creating reports no one reads, providing more
information than needed, and providing a service before the customer
is ready. Manufacturing overproduction involves producing more
products than demanded through a ‗push production system‘ or
producing products in higher batch sizes than needed.
There are three countermeasures for overproduction. Firstly,
using a ‗Takt Time‘ ensures that the rate of manufacturing between
stations are even. Secondly, reducing setup times enables
manufacturing small batches or single-piece flow. Thirdly, using a pull
or ‗Kanban‘ system can control the amount of WIP
Illustration of Overproduction Waste (LeanOp)
7.Over-processing
Over-processing refers to doing more work, adding more
components, or having more steps in a product or service than what is
required by the customer. In manufacturing this could include using a
higher precision equipment than necessary, using components with
capacities beyond what is required, running more analysis than
needed, over-engineering a solution, adjusting a component after it
has already been installed, and having more functionalities in a

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Effective
Sustainable
Practices in the
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Date Prepared:
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product than needed.
In the office, over-processing can include generating more
detailed reports than needed, having unnecessary steps in the
purchasing process, requiring unnecessary signatures on a document,
double entry of data, requiring more forms than needed, and having
an extra step in a workflow.
One simple way to counter over-processing is to understand the
work requirements from the standpoint of the customer. Always
have a customer in mind before starting work, produce to the level
of quality and expectation that the customer desires, and make only
the quantities needed.
Illustration of Over-processing Waste (LeanOp)
8. Defects
Defects occurs when the product is not fit for use. This
typically results in either reworking or scrapping the product. Both
results are wasteful as they add additional costs to the operations
without delivering any value to the customer.
Here are four countermeasures for defects. Firstly, look for the
most frequent defect and focus on it. Secondly, design a process to
detect abnormalities and do not pass any defective items along the
production process. Thirdly, redesign the process so that does not
lead to defects. Lastly, use standardize work to ensure a consistent

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manufacturing process that is defectfree.
Illustration of Defects Waste (LeanOp)
1. Skills - The 8th Waste
Even though it was not part of the Toyota Production System
(TPS), many people are well aware of the 8th waste - the waste of
human potential.
The 8th waste is also described as the waste of unused human talent
and ingenuity.
This waste occurs when organizations separate the role of
management from employees. In some organizations, management‘s
responsibility is planning, organizing, controlling, and innovating the
production process. The employee‘s role is to simply follow orders
and execute the work as planned.
By not engaging the frontline worker‘s knowledge and expertise, it is
difficult to improve processes. This is due to the fact that the
people doing the work are the ones who are most capable of
identifying problems and developing solutions for them.
In the office, non-utilized talent could include insufficient
training, poor incentives, not asking for employee feedback, and
placing employees in positions below their skills and qualifications. In
manufacturing, this waste can be seen when employees are poorly
trained, employees not knowing how to effectively operate equipment,
when employees are given the wrong tool for the job, and when
employees are not challenged to come up with ideas to improve the
work.

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Illustration of Skills Waste (LeanOp)
Identifying and Eliminating the 8 Wastes
The first step to reducing waste is recognizing that they exist
and having an effective process for identifying them. Value Stream
Mapping (VSM) is a Lean management method for analyzing the
current state and designing a future state.
It shows the flow of information and
material as they occur. VSM is an
effective tool for mapping out the
processes involved, displaying the
relationship between production
processes in a visual manner, and
for separating value-added and
non- value-added activities
In order to identify wastes, use the VSM and start with the end
customer in mind. Work backwards from the end customer to the
start of the production processes. Document instances of the 8 wastes
in the processes and develop a plan for eliminating or reducing them.
Continue challenging your team to find more wastes and
continuously improve your processes. Engage with the frontline
workers and elicit their ideas for improvement. As your team begins
reducing efficiencies, they will gain more confidence in their
problem-solving capabilities and over time reducing waste becomes a
part of their daily routine.

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Exercise
Efficient and
Effective
Sustainable
Practices in the
Workplace
Date Prepared:
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SELF-CHECK 8.3-1
A. Multiple Choice
Direction: Read the questions carefully and answer intelligently.
Write the answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is any action or step in a process that does not add value to
the customer.
a. Inventory
b. Product
c. Wastes
d. Motion
2. It refers to doing more work, adding more components, or
having more steps in a product or service than what is required
by the customer
a. Over-processing
b. Motion
c. Waste
3. Wasted time, resources and costs when
unnecessary movingproducts and materials

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a. Over-processing
b. Over-production
c. Transportation
d. Defects
4. It is a waste occurs when organizations separate the role of
management from employees.
a. Skills waste
b. Defects
c. Transportation
d. Motion
5. Wastes resulting from excess products and materials that are
not processed.
a. Over-production
b. Over-processing
c. Inventory
d. Skills wastes
6. Waste from making more product than customers demand
a. Over-processing
b. Over- production
c. Inventory
d. Skills wastes
7. Wasted time and effort related to unnecessary
movements by people.
a. Over-production
b. Over-processing
c. Inventory
d. Motion
8. Wastes from a product or service failure to meet customer
expectations.
a. Unused talent
b. Inventory
c. Waiting
d. Defects

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Sustainable
Practices in the
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9. Wastes from time spent waiting for the next process step to
occur.
a. Waiting
b. Defects
c. Motion
d. Skills
10. Countermeasures for motion wastes in the workplace
includes
a. workspace is well organized,
placing equipment nearing the production location, and
b. putting materials at an ergonomic position
c. All of the above
ANSWER KEY 8.3-1
A. Multiple Choice
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. A
10. D

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
http://www.fundee.org/campaigns/nc
lb/whyee.htm https://dynamix-
project.eu/sites/default/files/WP2%20D2%202%20Reasons%
20for%20(in)ef ficiency_ExecSummary_20092013_final.pdf
https://theleanway.net/The-8-Wastes-of-Lean
http://www.iea.org/topics/energyefficiency/
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/energy-consumption.html
https://www.wikihow.com/Go-Green-at-Work

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Sustainable
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