The document discusses setting up Ubuntu as a virtual machine and customizing the Linux kernel. It begins with an introduction to operating systems like Windows, Mac OS X, Unix/Linux, and Ubuntu. It then provides steps for installing Ubuntu in VirtualBox and ensuring the virtual machine works properly. The majority of the document focuses on configuring and compiling a custom Linux kernel, including choosing options in the kernel configuration, building the kernel image and modules, and updating the bootloader. It concludes with rebooting the virtual machine to test the new kernel.

1. Ubuntu初體驗
脫離邪惡微軟帝國吧！
ws育慈、VAIZ
SITCON花蓮定期課程#11
2015-06-06

2. About speaker
● 林育慈（ws育慈）
● 博班學姊、場務女王
● SITCON Founder
● SITCON@Hualien Founder
● 莊佾庭（VAIZ）
● SITCON@Hualien Founder
● ……

3. Before we start...
● VirtualBox
● Ubuntu 14.04
● http://134.208.3.22

4. Outline
● Operating System?
● Microsoft Windows
● Mac OS X
● Unix/Linux
● Ubuntu

5. Operating System?

6. Microsoft Windows

7. Mac OS X

8. Unix / Linux
應用程式 Ingres SDB Kangatools User
Level
系統程式 Compiler Text Editor Linker Interpreter
--------------- System Call Interface --------
核心程式 Operating System Kernel Kernel
Level硬體驅動程式 Driver
硬體 Hardware

10. 此頁之後都是附錄（茶
………所以接下來都是Live Demo了
相信大家的iso檔應該已經抓完了（點頭

11. Linux 環境架設
102-1 Operating System
林超群

12. VirtualBox
https://www.virtualbox.org/

13. Install VM

14. Ubuntu iso

24. If you have blackscreen problem

25. Solution to the problem
Terminal model :ctrl+alt+f1

26. 4.sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-
dkms

28. Program editer
vim
Call terminal (ctrl+alt+t)

29. Set Java and Environment
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

30. Check java install command :
1.java -version
2.javac -version

31. Set Environment
1.Change the root passwd use command :sudo passwd root
2.login root command:su
Find the path jdk you install ex:/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386
Find the file /root/.bashrc use vim edit and add :
export PATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386"
export CLASSPATH=.:/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386

33. Example 1
Hello word.c
Use command open the program editor : vim filename.filetype
Write the program hello_word
Leave and save command is “ esc + :wq “

34. Compiler :
Comand :
gcc –c hello_word.c
gcc –o hello_word hello_word.o
Program execution and result : (./filename)

35. Example 2
Hello word.java
Use command open the program editor : vim filename.filetype
Write the program hello_word
Leave and save command is “ esc + :wq “

36. Compiler
Comand :
javac hello_word.java
Program execution and result : (java filename)

37. How to build a kernel
103-1 Operating System
黃彥豪
2014/10/28

38. What’s a kernel
“The one program running at all times on the
computer”
The program control hardware!
-
-

39. Why we need to rebuild kernel
Make process working, you need kernel supported.
Kernel is a system file.
There are different module which can drive hardware.
What you want your kernel do

40. Step
1. System checking
2. Setting config
3. Making Kernel / Image / Initial Ram Disk
4. Edit grub
5. Reboot and checking

41. 1.System checking
2.Setting config
3.Making Kernel / Image / Initial Ram Disk
4.Edit grub
5.Reboot and checking

42. Get start
Open terminal and become root user (#su)
If you using Debian or Ubuntu.
In default those systems may not have root account.
--Using root (#sudo su)
Checking version (#uname -r)
Checking hardware(#lspci)

44. About version
2.5.x VS 2.6.x (2.5.x is development of 2.6)
2.4.x VS 2.6.x (Is two different version)
http://www.kernel.org

45. #cd /(where you want to place this bz2-file)
(view ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/kernel/linux/kernel/ before you start )
#wget ftp://linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/kernel/linux/kernel/vx.x/linux-x.x.xx.xx.tar.bz2
(according to your version)

46. Cont.
#tar –jxvf linux-x.x.xx.xx.tar.bz2 –C /usr/src/kernels/
#cd /usr/src/kernels/
#ls
linux-x.x.xx.xx
#cd linux-x.x.xx.xx
#ls

48. Cont.
#make mrproper (clean residues file ex: *.o)
note: it will clean extra file include old config data
#make clean (target file only)

49. Make XXconfig
make menuconfig
make oldconfig (if you already have ./.config)
make config (one by one)
make xconfig (X window)
make gconfig (Gnome)

50. Make config Cont.
#make menuconfig
before this you may need
#yum /apt-get install gcc (CentOS)
#yum install ncurses-devel (CentOS)
#apt-get install libncurses5-dev (Ubuntu)
According to your operating system

52. 1.System checking
2.Setting config
3.Making Kernel / Image / Initial Ram Disk
4.Edit grub
5.Reboot and checking

53. Control
Use only ↑ ↓ ← → <Enter> <Space>
y includes
n excludes
m modularizes
----> other option
<*> built-in
<M> module
[ ] / < > excluded /module capable
Note: Don’t use <Esc> to Exit

54. Each Option
Different version have different module
Same module have different uses in different version
LOOK HELP!

55. Notice
Processor type and features ---->
Processor family ← This is very important.
MAKE SURE WHAT YOU CHOOSE
Device Drivers ← according your device
“Make your own kernel”
Choose default if you don’t really sure about it.

56. Make sure you view all of them
If you choose something that your hardware doesn’t exist ➔nothing
effect, your kernel can still work
If you choose something that your kernel doesn’t support ➔ rebuild it

57. 1.System checking
2.Setting config
3.Making Kernel / Image / Initial Ram Disk
4.Edit grub
5.Reboot and checking

58. Make
#make clean
#make bzImage
#make modules
(Both of them will take a while)
#make modules_install

61. Copy
#cp /usr/src/kernels/linux-x.x.xx.xx/arch/x86/boot/bzImage
> /boot/vmlinuz-x.x.xx.xx
↑
Your kernel
# cp /usr/src/kernels/linux-x.x.xx.xx/.config
> /boot/config-x.x.xx.xx
↑
Config file

63. Initial Ram Disk (initrd)
#mkinitrd –v /boot/initrd-x.x.xx.xx.img x.x.xx.xx
The initial RAM disk (initrd) is an initial root file system that is mounted prior
to when the real root file system is available.

64. 1.System checking
2.Setting config
3.Making Kernel / Image / Initial Ram Disk
4.Edit grub
5.Reboot and checking

65. Edit Grub for CentOS
#vi /boot/grub/menu.list
title CentOS testing kernel from
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.xx.xx ro root=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx rhgb quiet
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.xx.xx.img

67. Edit Grub for Ubuntu
#update-grub
(#vi /etc/default/grub)
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

69. 1.System checking
2.Setting config
3.Making Kernel / Image / Initial Ram Disk
4.Edit grub
5.Reboot and checking

70. Reboot
#uname –a

71. Q&A

72. Reference
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0540kernel.php#config_config