Types_Reference_Sources.pdf
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This document provides definitions and descriptions of various types of reference sources. It discusses almanacs, atlases, bibliographies, biographical sources, book reviews, chronologies, dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, gazetteers, handbooks and manuals, literature guides, multivolume general histories, and sourcebooks. For each type, it briefly explains what the reference source contains and how it is organized.
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Your research should focus on resources available through the library. The appropriate
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What Is a Literature Review?
A literature review is a survey and a discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic; it is generally organized chronologically or thematically. A literature review is also written in essay format.
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What's been done in this topic area to date? What are the significant discoveries, key concepts, arguments, and/or theories that scholars have put forward? Which are the important works?
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Are there improved methodologies for researching this subject?
What future directions should research in this subject take?
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The document provides guidance on conducting a literature survey or review. It discusses defining literature and the objectives of a literature survey, which include gaining an understanding of the fundamentals and state-of-the-art in an area and discovering research topics based on existing research. The document outlines the main elements of a literature survey, including reviewing previous research, identifying gaps, and justifying how the present research will address gaps. It also provides tips on writing the literature survey, such as summarizing key findings and conclusions of sources. Finally, it discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search, including refining topics and choosing appropriate databases.
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This document provides guidance on writing various parts of a thesis proposal, including the background of the study, theoretical/conceptual frameworks, statement of the problem, review of related literature, research methodology, and references. It discusses key components of each section, such as identifying an issue, existing solutions, limitations, and proposed solutions for the background; using frameworks to guide research; and organizing the literature review chronologically, by publication, or thematically. The document also notes common mistakes to avoid, like not employing the best search terms or sources, and blindly accepting other researchers' findings.
Library of congress subject heading
The document discusses Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). It provides 3 key points:
1. LCSH was first published in 1914 and provides controlled vocabulary for cataloging library collections. Subject headings serve as access points.
2. LCSH guidelines cover choosing between synonyms, spelling variations, scientific vs popular terms, and obsolete vs current terms.
3. There are two main types of headings - topical and name headings. Headings can be subdivided geographically, by form, chronologically, or by topic to further specify the subject. Consistent use of LCSH provides useful access for library users.
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Types_Reference_Sources.pdf
- 1. February 2010 Types of Reference Sources (Note: Many of these types are available in both print and electronic format.) What are Reference Sources? works designed by arrangement and treatment of subject matter to be consulted for definite items of information, rather than read consecutively Almanacs or Statistical Sources - annual compendium of practical dates, facts, and statistics. Can be current and/or retrospective and are often in table format. Can be general or related to a specific subject Atlases - bound or boxed collections of maps, plates, engravings, etc. May contain accompanying text and are usually related in subject or theme Bibliographies - works that list books, articles, essays, or websites by a specific person or about a specific subject. Sometimes entries/citations are annotated Biographical Sources - contain articles about the lives and works of various individuals and may be broad or narrow in scope (Some only contain articles of deceased individuals) Book Reviews – provide a brief critical assessment of a book’s thesis and analysis, often comparing the book to other titles in the field Chronologies - list of events and their dates in order of occurrence. Helps to place people, events, organizations, etc., in context Dictionaries - provide brief explanatory entries for words or topics related to a specific subject or field of inquiry, usually arranged alphabetically. Note: Some works labeled ‘dictionary’ are actually encyclopedias Types of Dictionaries: Unabridged – attempts to include every word currently in use Abridged – does not include every word Etymological – gives word histories, how meanings evolve Subject – focus on vocabulary of a subject or discipline Directories - contains names, addresses, and telephone numbers and other information for persons, organizations, businesses, or institutions. There is usually a common theme Encyclopedias - provide short, authoritative essays, usually arranged alphabetically by the heading and often followed by lists of further references, entries are often written by experts and signed. Coverage may be very broad subject areas or specialized areas Gazetteers – define or describe geographical places Handbooks and Manuals - provide a simple but complete treatment of a broad topic. Usually written for practitioners and are of compact size. Also referred to as companions or compendiums Literature Guides - provide an evaluative discussion of the methods and materials for research in a selected area Multivolume General Histories - provide information establishing a broader historical/theoretical context, along with a synthesizing narrative and analysis of topics, nations, regions, eras. Examine standard, accepted historical thought but do not include current, cutting edge historical theory Sourcebooks - contain facsimiles or exact copies or the text of original source material