Types of stars
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There are many types of stars that exist in the universe. Stars can be categorized based on their size, composition, temperature, and stage of life. The main types of stars discussed are protostars, T Tauri stars, main sequence stars, red giants, white dwarfs, red dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, and supergiant stars. Each star type has distinct characteristics that define it, such as their size, composition, or life cycle stage.
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Types of stars
There are many types of stars that exist in the universe, each at a different stage of its life cycle. Stars begin as protostars formed from the collapse of gas clouds, then become T Tauri stars as they heat up from nuclear fusion in their cores. Most stars spend their lives as main sequence stars, with size depending on their mass. Later in their lives, stars become red giants as they run out of hydrogen fuel. Eventually stars die, leaving behind remnants like white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes depending on their original size. The largest stars are short-lived supergiants that end in powerful supernova explosions.
Types of stars
This document describes different stages and types of stars:
- Main sequence stars like our Sun spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.
- Red giants are large, reddish stars that have exhausted hydrogen fusion and begun fusing helium.
- Planetary nebulae form when average-sized stars eject their outer layers after becoming red giants, leaving behind dense, hot cores called white dwarfs.
- Brown dwarfs are failed stars too small to sustain nuclear fusion.
- Variable stars change in brightness over timescales from seconds to years as they evolve.
- Binary stars are two gravitationally bound stars that orbit a common center of mass.
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Types of stars
There are many types of stars that exist in the universe, each at a different stage of its life cycle. Stars begin as protostars formed from the collapse of gas clouds, then become T Tauri stars as they heat up from nuclear fusion in their cores. Most stars spend their lives as main sequence stars, with size depending on their mass. Later in their lives, stars become red giants as they run out of hydrogen fuel. Eventually stars die, leaving behind remnants like white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes depending on their original size. The largest stars are short-lived supergiants that end in powerful supernova explosions.
Types of stars
This document describes different stages and types of stars:
- Main sequence stars like our Sun spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.
- Red giants are large, reddish stars that have exhausted hydrogen fusion and begun fusing helium.
- Planetary nebulae form when average-sized stars eject their outer layers after becoming red giants, leaving behind dense, hot cores called white dwarfs.
- Brown dwarfs are failed stars too small to sustain nuclear fusion.
- Variable stars change in brightness over timescales from seconds to years as they evolve.
- Binary stars are two gravitationally bound stars that orbit a common center of mass.
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Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
Insectsplayamajorroleinthedeteriorationoffoodgrainscausingbothquantitativeandqualitativelosses
Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
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Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
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Types of stars
- 1. TYPES OF STARS SILVIA HERNANSANZ MARIA LUZ MARTIN NURIA DE SANTOS BHC2
- 2. THE STAR ARE ALL BASICALLY THE SAME, BIG BALLS OF GAS BURNING UP TO BILLIONS OF LIGHT YEARS AWAY THERE ARE MILLION OF TYPES OF STAR THAT WE LEARN FROM THE UNIVERSE EXPLORATIONS
- 3. PROTOSTAR THE PROTOSTAR IS A COLLECTION OF GAS THAT HAS COLLAPSED DOWN FROM A GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUD. T Tauri Star T TAURI STARS DON’T HAVE ENOUGH PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE AT THEIR CORES TO GENERATE NUCLEAR FUSION
- 4. MAIN SEQUENCE STAR RED GIANT STAR STARS IN THE MAIN SEQUENCE WILL HAVE A SIZE THAT DEPENDS ON THEIR MASS, WHICH DEFINES THE AMOUNT OF GRAVITY THE RED GIANT PHASE OF A STAR’S LIFE WILL ONLY LAST A FEW HUNDRED MILLION YEARS BEFORE IT RUNS OUT OF FUEL COMPLETELY
- 5. WHITE DWARF STAR RED DWARF STAR A WHITE DWARF SHINES BECAUSE IT WAS A HOT STAR ONCE, BUT THERE’S NO FUSION REACTIONS HAPPENING ANY MORE. A RED DWARF STAR IS A SMALL RED STAR. THESE STARS ARE AMONG THE SMALLEST STARS.
- 6. NEUTRON STARS BLACK HOLES A NEUTRON STAR IS A TYPE OF REMAINS STELAR, IT RESULT OF THE COLLAPSE OF A SUPERGIGANTIC STAR. THIS STAR IS COMPOSED OF NEUTRON A BLACK HOLES IS A HOLES FORMED BY THE COLLAPSE OF A STAR AT THE END OF ITS LIFE.
- 7. SUPERGIANT STARS A SUPERGIGANTIC STAR IS THE MOST LUMINOUS BECAUSE IT HAS A LOT OF ENERGY BUT ITS LIFE IS SHORT AND IT EXPLODES AT THE END.