Types of insect heads and antennae

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Dr. T. KRISHNA CHAITANYA
Assistant Professor (Agricultural Entomology)
School of Agricultural Science & Technology, NMIMS, Shirpur
ENTO 131 - Fundamentals of Entomology (3+1)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_morphology

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Types of insect heads and antennae

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9. • Hypognathous: (Hypo-below; gnathous-jaw) 90°
• Prognathous: (Pro-infront; ganthous-jaw) 180°
• Opisthognathuos: (Opistho-benind; gnathuos-jaw) 45°
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10. 1. Hypognathous: (Hypo-below; gnathous-jaw) 90°
• This type is called orthopteroid type.
• The long axis of the head is vertical;
• It is at right angles to the long axis of the body.
• Mouth parts are ventrally placed and project downwards.
• E.g. grasshopper, cockroach.
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11. 2. Prognathous: (Pro-infront; ganthous-jaw) 180°
• This type is also called coleopteroid type.
• The long axis of the head is horizontal.
• It is in line with the long axis of the body.
• Mouth parts are directed forward.
• e.g. Ground beetle.
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12. 3. Opisthognathuos: (Opistho-benind; gnathuos-jaw) 45°
• This is also called hemipteroid type or opisthorhynchous type.
• Head is deflexed.
• Mouthparts are directed backwards and held in between the forelegs.
e.g. stink bug.
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20. • Types of antennae:
1. Setaceous: (Bristle like) Size of the segments decreases from base to
apex. e.g. Leafhopper, Dragonfly, Damselfly.
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21. 2. Filiform: (Thread like) Segments are usually cylindrical. Thickness of
segments remains same throughout. e.g. Grasshopper.
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23. 3. Moniliform: (Beaded) Segments are either globular or spherical with
prominent constriction in between e.g. Termite.
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24. 4. Serrate: (Saw like) Segments have short triangular projections on one
side. e.g. Longicorn bettle
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25. 5. Unipectinate: (Comb like) Segments with long slender processes on
one side e.g. Sawfly
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26. 6. Bipectinate: (Double comb like) Segments with long slender lateral
processes on both the sides e.g. Silkworm moth
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27. 7. Clavate: (Clubbed) Antenna enlarges gradually towards the tip.
e.g. Blister beetle
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28. 8.Capitate: (Knobbed) Terminal segments become enlarged suddenly
e.g. butterfly
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29. 9. Lamellate: (Plate like) Antennal tip is expanded laterally on one side
to form flat plates e.g. lamellicorn beetle
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30. 10. Aristate: The terminal segment is enlarged. It bears a conspicuous
dorsal bristle called arista e.g. House fly
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31. 11. Stylate: Terminal segment bear a style like process eg. Horse fly,
Robber fly.
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32. 12. Plumose: (Feathery) Segments with long whorls of hairs
e.g. male mosquito
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33. 13. Pilose: (Hairy) Antenna is less feathery with few hairs at the junction
of flagellomeres. e.g. Female mosquito.
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36. 14. Geniculate: (Elbowed) Scape is long remaining segments are small
and are arranged at an angle to the first resembling an elbow joint. e.g.
Ant, weevil and honey bee.
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