There are several types of governments discussed in the document. Representative democracies are systems where citizens vote for representatives to make laws and govern on their behalf, as seen in countries like the United States, France, and Russia. Constitutional monarchies have a monarch whose powers are limited by an elected lawmaking body, as in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Spain. Dictatorships concentrate power in a single leader, like Cuba under Fidel Castro, Germany under Hitler, and Iraq under Saddam Hussein.