3. Dictatorships
Often take root and thrive in countries where
people can see no other hope or way out
One man holds absolute power over a
country
The state, the country, the government must
be served – not the people
In a democracy, the government is the
servant of the people – In a dictatorship, the
people exist for the welfare of the country.
4. Dictatorships
A totalitarian dictatorship is a police
state – the dictator controls the police
and the armed forces: used to destroy
any opposition
People are arrested without warrants
and punished without trials
Secret police spy on the people and
use fear and distrust to control
Dictator relies on propaganda and force
to control the people
5. Dictatorships
Newspapers, broadcast, radio, all forms
of communication medium are
controlled by the dictatorship
Two major forms of totalitarianism:
Communism
Fascism
6. Russia Collapses –
U.S.S.R. Rises
Czar and the Duma (their congress)
Russia way behind the western powers
–far behind in agricultural and industrial
development.
Russo-Japanese War 1905 – showed
their weakness & WWI showed even
more how poorly equipped they were.
7. Russia Collapses –
U.S.S.R. Rises
Russian troops fought with poor equipment
and training – yet they held back ½ of the
central powers.
1,700,000 killed, 5million wounded (if Russia had
not fought so well, the allies might have lost the
war)
1917 – Strikes and street riots – Czar orders
the revolts put down.
Duma demands reforms – Czar dissolves the
Duma
8. Russia Collapses –
U.S.S.R. Rises
Army instead of stopping the rioters –
joins the fight against the Czar
Unable to get back to the capital
prevented in doing so by his own
officers – Czar abdicate on March 15,
1917. (300 yr old Romanov monarchy
ends)
9. Bolsheviks
Petrograd Soviet – moved in to take control.
Organized by moderate socialist called the
Mensheviks.
Within this group was a radical socialists
group called Bolsheviks.
Mensheviks – called for immediate peace,
land reform, and factories controlled by the
workers.
These two groups jockeyed for power while
the rest of the country was in chaos
10. Bolsheviks
Lenin
Leader of the Bolsheviks – returns from
exile in Switzerland
German gov’t helps Lenin get back to
Russia
Intelligent, powerful, studied law, and his
brother had been killed by Czarist police
Modified Marxism – Karl Marx philosophy
of communism
11. Bolsheviks
Marxism
Overthrow of the Bourgeoisie by the working class
(devoted Marxist)
Education by the Marxist to train the people in
pure communism.
Lenin’s slogan – “Land, Peace, and Bread”
During the summer of 1917 civil war between the
Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks
November 17, 1917 Bolsheviks overthrow the
provisional government and seize control of
Russia.
Spring 1918 – Bolsheviks renamed themselves
the Communist Party
12. “The Reds”
Color of the revolution
Even though there was Japanese,
British, and French attempts to get rid of
the communist – by 1922 the country
was given a new name USSR.
16 Soviets would eventually be created.
The country was in ruins – it would take
strong, determined leadership to bring it
back to life.
