Types of data and research
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There are four main types of data and research methods: primary data, secondary data, qualitative data, and quantitative data. Primary data involves directly collecting information through surveys or questionnaires, while secondary data analyzes previously collected data from other sources. Qualitative data describes information in specific details rather than numbers, and explores topics in depth through interviews. Quantitative data expresses information numerically and can generalize findings to a whole population through statistically valid surveys, but has limited ability to probe answers. Each method has its own pros and cons regarding costs, accuracy, and level of detail obtained.
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Types of data and research
There are three main types of data for research: primary data, secondary data, and qualitative data. Primary data involves directly collecting information through surveys or questionnaires, but it requires conducting the research yourself. Secondary data analyzes previously collected data, which is quicker and easier to access for free, but the information may not be tailored to your needs or accurate. Qualitative data describes characteristics through flexible interviews with small samples, allowing for depth, but the findings cannot be generalized to larger audiences. Quantitative data involves statistically valid surveys to generalize results to populations, but has limitations in probing answers and potential response biases.
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Primary research involves collecting data directly through methods like questionnaires and surveys. It provides personally collected information directly related to the study, but may be unreliable or outdated. Secondary research uses existing research sources like the internet or libraries, allowing time and cost efficiency while accessing extensive existing data, but requires crediting other works and may not always be easy to find. Audience research examines who uses a product by interviewing or surveying specific audiences, obtaining truthful answers while reaching a diverse audience, but interviews can be steered to certain advantages.
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Types of data and research
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morphological operations are also helpful in developing a morphological filter.
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The document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research aims to quantify data by using structured tools like questionnaires to collect numerical data from large samples that can be statistically analyzed. It focuses on objectively testing hypotheses. Qualitative research collects non-numerical data like descriptions through methods such as interviews and observations to understand peoples' experiences. It focuses on exploring topics in-depth. The document also compares surveys and questionnaires, describing their differences and advantages and disadvantages of various survey methods.
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The combination of the filmmaker's short film and ancillary texts like film reviews and posters were important to tie them together and make the short film have more impact. The texts provided context about the build up and aftermath of the film. Key symbols like a clock were featured in both the film and poster to represent the main theme of time. Consistent visual elements and a plain backdrop in both the film and texts kept the focus on the protagonist and his story. Similar colors and effects were used in both to connect the pieces.
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The video would have a dark, desaturated look to create a depressing mood. Scenes would include long shots of the artists standing alone on dark roads, then close-ups of their bloody faces as they sing. The camera would track them as they walk and sing. It would also show one artist arguing with a woman, then pan to the other artist with the same woman, implying disloyalty. Throughout, the camera work would transition between the artists in different locations to tell the story through their perspectives and movements as they sing the dark lyrics.
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The document discusses two methods for categorizing audiences: Young and Rubicam's Four Consumers model and socio-economic class. Young and Rubicam divides people into four categories based on personality - Mainstreamers, Aspirers, Succeeders, and Reformers. The socio-economic model classifies people into six classes based on income - A through E. Both are useful for media targeting, but the socio-economic model is limited as other factors like leisure activities may be more important than income alone.
3 different ways of classifying audiences
The document discusses two methods for categorizing audiences: Young and Rubicam's Four Consumers model and socio-economic class. Young and Rubicam divides people into four categories based on personality - Mainstreamers, Aspirers, Succeeders, and Reformers. The socio-economic model classifies people into six classes based on income - A through E. Both are useful for media targeting, but the socio-economic model is limited as it only considers income and not other factors like leisure activities.
3 different ways of classifying audiences
The document discusses two methods for categorizing audiences: Young and Rubicam's Four Consumers model and socio-economic class. Young and Rubicam divides people into four categories based on personality - Mainstreamers, Aspirers, Succeeders, and Reformers. The socio-economic model classifies people into six classes based on income - A through E. Both are useful for media targeting, but the socio-economic model is limited as it only considers income and not other factors like leisure activities.
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The document describes several systems for categorizing consumers:
- Young and Rubicam's Four Consumers model divides people into Mainstreamers, Aspirers, Succeeders, and Reformers based on psychological attributes rather than income.
- Their socio-economic class system ranks people from A to E based on income and occupation.
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Audience research is conducted to gather information about what audiences want to watch and their personalities. There are several methods for conducting audience research, including focus groups, questionnaires, box office takings, and test screenings. Focus groups involve interviewing a small group of people to discuss their opinions in an interactive setting, but the results may not represent the larger population. Questionnaires can be inexpensive and gather a lot of data quickly from many people, but responses may be biased by wording and response rates may be low. Box office takings refer to the financial success of a film based on the number of viewers and money made, which depends on the quality of the movie. Test screenings allow audiences to provide feedback on a movie before
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Types of data and research
- 1. Types of data and research. Primary Data- when you collect the information required yourself through things such as surveys and questionnaires.. Pros Cons You can get what you want e.g. surveys or questionnaires. Have to the research yourself. Easy to do. Large scale of research can be time consuming. Quick and easy for small sample. May not get accurate results of what you want. You can get specific answers to what you are researching. Could cost lots. Secondary Data- Secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality databases that would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own. In addition, analysts of social and economic change consider secondary data essential, since it is impossible to conduct a new survey that can adequately capture past change and/or developments. Pros Cons You don’t have to do it yourself. May not have all the research you want. Very Quick. Might not all be correct? Free of charge. Information may be biased. Very easy to access. It may have been tampered with or not proof read by another client/peer. Qualitative Data- Qualitative data describes whereas quantitative data defines. Qualitative data is more specific and to detail as it gives you exact answers of what you are researching rather than just numbers. Pros Cons Offers flexibility as far as locations and timing, as you don’t need to interview a large number of people at once. Cannot quantify how many of your audience answer one way or another
- 2. Explore topics in more depth and detail than quantitative research Cannot generalize your findings to your broader audience or the public in general. Often qualitative research is less expensive than quantitative research, because you don’t need to recruit as many participants or use extensive methods Quantitative Data- Quantitative data is data expressing a certain quantity, amount or range. Usually, there are measurement units associated with the data for example the amount of people, height or weight. Pros Cons When the survey involves a statistically valid random sample, the results from the sample can be generalized to the entire population if the response rate is high enough They have a limited ability to probe answers When the survey involves a convenience sample data can be collected and analysed fairly quickly People who are willing to respond may share characteristics that don’t apply to the audience as a whole, creating a potential bias Like qualitative research methods, surveys can be used as prototypes They can be very costly.