The document discusses different types of computing including sequential, parallel, distributed, cluster, grid, and cloud computing. Sequential computing involves breaking a task into sequential steps executed on a single processor. Parallel computing breaks a task into independent sub-tasks that can be processed simultaneously on multiple processors. Distributed computing aggregates resources from geographically distributed systems to complete tasks. Cluster computing uses tightly coupled computers working as a single system. Grid computing virtualizes distributed resources to create a single system. Cloud computing provides on-demand access to configurable computing resources over the internet.

1. Types of Computing
By – Priyam Pandey

2. Sequential Computing
• The sequential execution of sub parts of the a
task on a single processor is called Sequential
Computing.
• A problem is broken into series of statements.
• Instructions are executed sequentially one
after another on a single processor.
• Only one instruction may execute at any
moment in time.

3. Parallel Computing
• Parallel computing is the simultaneous
execution of the tasks on multiple processors in
order to obtain faster results.
• In parallel computing, a computational task is
typically broken down into several sub-tasks
that can be processed independently and
whose results are combined afterwards, upon
completion.

4. Distributed Computing
• Distributed computing is the process of
aggregating the power of several computing
entities, which are logically distributed and may
even be geologically distributed, to
collaboratively run a single computational task,
so that they appear as a single, centralized
system.
• The major goal of Distributed computing is to
give users easy access to a wide
variety(heterogeneous) of computer resources..

5. • It mainly targets on integration of distributed
resources to collaboratively finish some task.
Requirement –
• Each individual computer that has its own
memory and processors.

6. Cluster Computing
• A cluster is a type of parallel or distributed
computer system, which consists of a
collection of stand-alone tightly coupled
computers working together as a single
integrated computing resource.
• Types of clusters :
o High Availability Cluster
o Load balancing cluster
o Parallel/Distributed Processing Cluster

7. Requirement-
• In cluster computing each node within a
cluster is an independent system.
• Key components of a cluster include multiple
stand-alone computers, operating systems,
parallel programming environments and
applications.

8. Grid Computing
• Grid Computing enables the virtualization of
distributed computing and data resources such as
processing, network bandwidth and storage
capacity to create a single system image.
• Grid links together computing resources(PCs,
workstations, servers, storage elements ) and
provides the mechanism needed to access them.
• Uses of Grid computing is in – Weather forecast,
Physics applications, Material characterization etc.

9. Requirements-
• The ability to allow for independent
management of computing resources.
• The computers that are part of a grid can run
different operating systems and have different
hardware.

10. Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing is define as a model for
enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (networks,
servers, storage, applications and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider
interaction.

11. Cloud Service Models
• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) : The capability
provided to provision of storage, networks and other
computing resources in cloud.
Instead of purchasing hardware, users pay for IaaS on
demand.
Infrastructure is scalable depending on processing and
storage needs.
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) : A service provider offers
access to a cloud based environment in which users can
build, manage and deliver applications.

12. • Software as a Service (SaaS) : The capability
provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s
applications running on cloud i.e, service provider
delivers software and applications through
internet. Users subscribe to the software and
access it via web or vendor APIs.
• Users don’t have to manage install or upgrade
software; SaaS providers manage this.
• Applications are accessible from almost any
internet connected device from virtually
anywhere in world.

13. Requirement-
• Cloud computing provides hardware, software and
other infrastructure resources over the internet.
So, All we need to have a web browser to use
cloud computing
Benefits –
Cost Saving: In cloud computing users have to only
pay for the services they consumed. Maintenance cost
is low as user do not need to purchase the
infrastructure
 Flexibility: Cloud computing is scalable.
 Enhanced Security: Cloud computing provide high
security by using the data encryption, strong access
controls, key management, and security intelligence

14. References :
• https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-
paper-on-cloud-computing-
IJERTCONV5IS23002.pdf
• https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6a94/68825
d1df8a0f64faead60c8d69047262898.pdf
• https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b640/0ededf
1b500f04ce05efcf2c0c8863a15cdb.pdf
• academia.edu
• ripublication.com/ijcir17/ijcirv13n3_06