This is a presentation on cloud computing.

1. Cloud Security & Management
Unit-I
Introduction to Cloud Computing

2. Introduction- Cloud Computing
• The key to cloud computing is the “cloud”—a huge
network of servers or even individual PCs
interconnected in a grid (network).
• These computers run in parallel, combining the
resources of each to generate supercomputing-like
power.
• What, exactly, is the “cloud”?
• The cloud is a collection of computers and servers that
are openly accessible via the Internet.
• Cloud is an acronym of the phrase: Common, Location
independent, Online Utility that is available on
Demand.

3. Cloud Computing Service Provider’s
Cloud computing is in huge demand so, big organization providing the
cloud computing service by
Amazon AWS,
Microsoft Azure,
Google Cloud,
Alibaba cloud

4. Evolution of Cloud Computing
• Here is a summary of the events:
* 1961 – Professor John McCarthy propose computing be organized as
a “public utility”.
* 1964 – IBM CP-40 Operating Systems uses Virtualization
* 1972 – IBM VM/370 is a virtual machine operating system
* 1991 – The World Wide Web popularizes the internet
* 1997 – First use of the term “Cloud Computing”
* 1999 – Salesforce.com and VMWare launch
* 2002 – Amazon Web Services (AWS) launches and SOA emerges
* 2003 – Seminal Google File System (GFS) paper published
* 2005 – Google Maps is a watershed event for browser-based apps
(introduces AJAX).
* 2006 – Hadoop launched, shortly followed by Amazon S3 and
Amazon EC2
* 2008 – Google App Engine launches
* 2009 – Microsoft Azure launches
* 2010 – GSA’s apps.gov launches (and federal Cloud-first policy).

5. Why Cloud Computing Important?
• The main purpose of cloud computing is to save on the consumer’s infrastructure and
maintenance cost.
• A consumer has to pay service charges for usage of various resources.
• Moreover, consumers opting for cloud computing technology need not worry about updating
software, backups and anti-virus.
• Cloud computing technology is used by both small and large organizations to store the
information in cloud and access it from anywhere at anytime using the internet connection.
• Cloud computing is helping the society to cope with future problems such as managing big data,
data recovery, cyber-security and quality control.
• Cloud computing provides collective computing resources anywhere, anytime at low cost.

6. Significance of cloud computing in the IT
sector
The traditional way of IT sectors involves the buying of servers, hardware, licenses, installation of software, and
so forth. The process is costly, involves infrastructure demands and long deployment cycles.
Cloud computing is bringing the major shift in the IT industry tremendously at a faster rate.
Significance for IT Sectors
• The applications are made available to everyone through the cloud as and when they are available.
• The IT costs have been reduced due to the reduction in the number of servers, software cost, and the staff.
• The investment costs have become more flexible as compared to traditional methods.
• Increased reliability as anyone could get connected anytime.
• The data and the applications are mobile and easily made available to the employees across the globe.
• The increased collaboration has reduced the time to market and product enhancement.
• The facility could be turned up, down or off as per the demand and the circumstances.
• The cloud computing has increased the ‘green’ credentials as the solutions have the lesser environmental
impact

7. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
Following are the five characteristics of cloud computing:-
 Dynamic Computing Infrastructure:
• There should be various similar infrastructure (servers/applications) to ensure high levels of availability,
but mostly it must be easy to enlarge as the demand increases, without requiring architecture restructure.
• It must be also virtualized. Virtualized environment uses server virtualization to run the services, these
services needs to be easily provisioned and de provisioned via software automation.
• These service workloads have to be switched over from one physical server to another as capacity
demands increase or decrease.
 IT Service-centric Approach:-
• Cloud computing is service-centric business.
• Users of the cloud usually want to run some business service or application for an exact timely purpose
and they don’t want to involve in the system and network administration of the environment.
• They would prefer to rapidly and easily access a devoted application or service.

8. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
 Self-service Based Usage Model-:
• self-service creates the chance to the users to upload, build, deploy, schedule, manage and report on their business
services on-demand basis.
• Self-service cloud must provide easy-to-use, user interfaces that help the users to effectively manage the service-
delivery life cycle.
 Minimally or Self-managed Platform:-
• Mechanisms for scheduling the resources and reserving resource capacity.
• Capabilities for configuring, organizing and reporting to make sure resources are allocated and reallocated to several
groups of users.
• Tools must be available for controlling access to resources and policies for resources to be utilized or operations to
be performed.
 Consumption-based Billing:-
• Cloud computing platforms must deliver mechanisms to catch information about the usage that enables that charge
• is calculated and that should be integrated into the billing systems.

9. What is Cloud Computing Architecture?
• Cloud Computing Architecture is a combination of components required for a Cloud Computing
service.
• A Cloud computing architecture consists of several components:
 a frontend platform (the client or device used to access the cloud)
 a backend platform or servers,
 a network or Internet service,
 a cloud-based delivery service.

10. What is Cloud Computing Architecture?
• Cloud computing distributes the file system that spreads over multiple hard disks and machines.
• Data is never stored in one place, and in case one unit fails, the other will take over automatically.
• The user disk space is allocated on the distributed file system, while another important component
is an algorithm for resource allocation.
• Cloud computing is a strong distributed environment, and it heavily depends upon strong
algorithms.

11. Cloud Computing Architecture
The cloud architecture is mainly divided into 2 parts i.e.
Front End:
• The client uses the front end, which contains a client-side
interface and application.
• Both of these components are important to access the
Cloud computing platform. The front end includes web
servers (Chrome, Firefox, Opera, etc.), clients, and
mobile devices.
Back End:
• The backend part helps you manage all the resources
needed to provide Cloud computing services.
• This Cloud architecture part includes a security
mechanism, a large amount of data storage, servers,
virtual machines, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

12. Important Components of Cloud
Computing Architecture
The front end Components:-
• Client Infrastructure – Client Infrastructure is a part of the frontend component.
It contains the applications and user interfaces which are required to access the
cloud platform.
• In other words, it provides a GUI( Graphical User Interface ) to interact with the
cloud
• For example, use of a web browser to access the cloud platform.

13. Important Components of Cloud
Computing Architecture
The Back end Components:-
1. Application:
The application can be any software or platform which a client wants to access.
2. Service:
The service component manages which type of service you can access according to
the client’s requirements.
Three Cloud computing services are:
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

14. Important Components of Cloud
Computing Architecture
the Back end Components:-
3. Runtime Cloud:
Runtime cloud offers the execution and runtime environment to the virtual machines.
4. Storage:
Storage is another important Cloud computing architecture component. It provides a large amount of
storage capacity in the Cloud to store and manage data.
5. Infrastructure:
Cloud infrastructure includes hardware and software components like servers, storage, network
devices, virtualization software, and various other storage resources that are needed to support the
cloud computing model.

15. Important Components of Cloud
Computing Architecture
the Back end Components:-
6. Management:
This component manages components like application, service, runtime cloud, storage,
infrastructure, and other security matters in the backend.
7. Security:
Security in the backend refers to implementing different security mechanisms for secure
Cloud systems, resources, files, and infrastructure to the end-user.
8. Internet:
Internet connection acts as the bridge or medium between frontend and backend. It allows
you to establish the interaction and communication between the frontend and backend.

16. Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture
Following are the cloud computing architecture benefits:
• Makes the overall Cloud computing system simpler.
• Helps to enhance your data processing.
• Provides high security.
• It has better disaster recovery.
• Offers good user accessibility.
• Significantly reduces IT operating costs.

17. Types of Basic Cloud Computing Services
There are also 3 main types of cloud computing
services:
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
• Platforms-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

18. Software as a Service (SaaS)
 SaaS is a way of providing services and applications via Internet to users
(subscribers).
 Users simply access the services without installing applications on the their
PCs.
 Provider of SaaS has full administrative rights for its application and
responsible for activities such as deployment, maintenance and update.

19. Software as a Service (SaaS)
 PaaS Component Stack and Scope of Control
• Figure shows the levels of rights between the subscriber and the provider, i.e., SaaS
• component stack and scope of control.
• A cloud provider has total control over the hardware, middleware and operating system.
It also has administrative control over the application residing in the server.
• Cloud subscriber subscribes the service, it has limited admin and user level control.
Cloud users do not have control over the OS or the hardware.

20. Software as a Service (SaaS)
Advantages: By opting SaaS, replacing of old hardware and maintaining
infrastructure can be avoided, thus saving on time and cost of hiring of
technical staff.
Examples:
• Online project management apps such as Zoho Mail, Deskaway.
• Customer relationship management (CRM) apps such as Salesforce.com,
Impel CRM and Microsoft Dynamics.
• Cloud services such as Skydrive, Google Docs and Dropbox.
• Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)/small and medium business (SMBs)
can user services such ase EazeWork.

21. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• PaaS is service, where application/software can be build, tested and deployed as
a single unit. PaaS is useful for application builders, developers, developers and
testers.
• PaaS consists of environment for developing applications, languages for writing
programs, compilers and tools for testing and deployment.
• PaaS subscribers can be third party software vendors, individual developers and
IT service providers.
• Users can opt for PaaS, if his/her focus is only on application development and
to finishing it before the deadline.

22. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS Component Stack and Scope of Control
• Figure depicts rights of control between the subscriber and provider, i.e., PaaS component stack
and scope of control.
• we can understand that the cloud provider has total control over the hardware and operating
system, admin control over the middleware and no control over the application.
• A cloud subscriber subscribes to the services and has full admin rights over the application
deployed and minimal rights over the middleware.
• Cloud users do not have control over the OS or the hardware.

23. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
•Advantage: everything else (other than the application development)
will be maintainedby the provider.
•Examples-
AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App
Engine, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud, and OpenShift

24. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• IaaS provides computing infrastructure such as computer resources,
storages and network to end users.
• The usage fee is billed at CPU hour, size (GB) of data accessed or
stored/hour, bandwidth consumed, etc.
• Enterprises comprising of many servers can act as an IaaS provider such as
Facebook, Orkut and Twitter.
• IaaS is very useful for beginners, who are not in a position to predict the
success rate of their application.
• IaaS customers can choose between different OS, databases and platforms.

25. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• IaaS Component Stack and Scope of Control
• Figure depicts the rights of control between a subscriber and a provider, that is, IaaS
• component stack and scope of control.
• cloud provider has total control only over the hardware and has admin rights for
virtualization part, that is, hypervisor.
• He/she has no control over the application, middleware and guest operating system.
• Cloud subscriber subscribes the service and has full admin rights for the application
deployed, middleware and the OS.
• Cloud users can make requests to hypervisor but don’t have control over the hardware.

26. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
•Advantage: The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid the
cost and complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers.
•Examples-
• IaaS providers in India are Amazon, Rackspace, Joyent, GoGrid, Verizon Teeremark
and Rightscale. NetMagic Solutions and InstaCompute (from Tata Communications).

27. Cloud Service Models Comparison
Service models are categorized into five types:
1. Business as a service
2. Software as a service
3. Platform as a service
4. Infrastructure as a service
5. Management as a service

28. Cloud Service Models Comparison
• MaaS provides management as a part of the service. Managing
multiple services and applications and systems are management
functions of large organizations.
• An infrastructure service (IaaS) from a cloud service provider,
which can be built on top of your applications and services.
• A platform service (PaaS) includes the required infrastructure
service to support the platform.
• An application (software) service (SaaS) includes the overall
infrastructure and platform services to support the application.
• Business process systems (BaaS) facilitate the development of
business processes including business process inventory,
definition, development, deployment, management and
measurement.

29. How the Cloud Services are Measured?
Cloud services are measured in several ways:
• Elasticity: Cloud has the ability to create more resources to enhance performance for a single user
or numerous users at a single point of time.
• Instant provisioning: Virtualization of infrastructure eliminates the need to deploy applications
into devices or into on premises location.
• Cost-effective: Cloud adopts the policy of pay-as-you-use and there is no upfront investment to be
made. This differs from the tradition policy of pay and use.
• Better usage: Consumers use the service without the need of planning in advance for what they
may require and wasting them if not utilized.
• Utilization: The vital benefit is it removes the drawbacks of under-provisioning and over-
provisioning that generally wastes a lot of money for organizations.
• On demand: Yet another feature of the cloud hosting is the on demand self-service which gives
the user ability to automated services with just a few clicks.

30. What are different types of Cloud
Deployment Models?
• There are the following 4 types of cloud that you can deploy according to the organization's needs-
• Public cloud: This cloud infrastructure is available to public or large industries.
• Private cloud: These are functions within the organization.
• Community cloud: This cloud infrastructure is common to several organizations.
• Hybrid cloud: It is a composite of two and more clouds.

31. Cloud Deployment Models
Public Cloud
• Public Cloud, is a type of hosting which cloud services are delivered over a
network for public use.
• Customers do not have any control over the location of the infrastructure.
• The cost is shared by all users, and are either free or in the form of a license policy
like pay per user.
• Public clouds are great for organizations that require managing the host
application and the various applications users use.

32. Cloud Deployment Models
• Private Cloud
• Private Cloud, is a cloud infrastructure that is solely used by one organization.
• It gives organizations greater control over security and data which is safeguarded
by a firewall and managed internally.
• It can be hosted internally or externally.
• Private clouds are great for organizations that have high security demands, high
management demands and uptime requirements.

33. Cloud Deployment Models
Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud, uses both private and public clouds, but can remain separate
entities.
• Resources are managed and can be provided either internally or by external
providers.
• A hybrid cloud is great for scalability, flexibility and security.
• An example of this is an organization can use public cloud to interact with
customers, while keeping their data secured through a private cloud.

34. Cloud Deployment Models
Community Cloud
• It is an infrastructure that is mutually shared between organizations that belong to
a particular community.
• The community members generally share similar privacy, performance and
security concerns.
• An example of this is a community cloud at banks, government in a country, or
trading firms.
• A community cloud can be managed and hosted internally or by a third party
provider.
• A community cloud is good for organizations that work on joint ventures that need
centralized cloud computing ability for managing, building and executing their
projects.

35. Opportunities and Challenges of Cloud
Computing
Opportunities:-
• Cloud computing is supported by big companies that hope the investments on
cloud computing see a return on investment in the near future.
• Some examples of emerging cloud computing technology are:
 Microsoft: Window Live Service, Window Azure
 Google: Google Docs, Google App Engine
 Amazon: Amazon Simple Storage Service, Elastic Compute Cloud
 IBM: Blue cloud
 Apple: Mobile Me

36. Opportunities of Cloud Computing
• Cloud Opportunities in
Education
• The cloud helps the students,
teachers, faculty, parents, and
staff to have on demand access to
critical information using any
device from anywhere. Both
public and private institutions can
use the cloud to deliver better
services, even as they work with
fewer resources.

37. Opportunities of Cloud Computing
Opportunities for Health Care:-
a cloud-based healthcare service is a
proposed system that automates the process
of collecting patients’ vital data via a
network of sensors connected to legacy
medical devices, and to deliver the data to a
medical center’s “cloud” for storage,
processing and distribution.

38. Others Opportunities
Art Applications:-
Cloud computing offers various art applications for quickly and easily design attractive cards,
booklets, and images.
• Moo: Moo is one of the best cloud art applications. It is used for designing and printing business cards,
postcards, and mini cards.
• Vistaprint: Vistaprint allows us to easily design various printed marketing products such as business
cards, Postcards, Booklets, and wedding invitations cards.
Business Applications
• MailChimp: MailChimp is an email publishing platform which provides various options to design,
send, and save templates for emails.
• Salesforce: Salesforce platform provides tools for sales, service, marketing, e-commerce, and more. It
also provides a cloud development platform

39. Others Opportunities
Data Storage and Backup Applications:-
Box.com: Box provides an online environment for secure content management, workflow, and
collaboration. It allows us to store different files such as Excel, Word, PDF, and images on the cloud.
Mozy : Mozy provides powerful online backup solutions for our personal and business data. It
schedules automatically back up for each day at a specific time.
Entertainment Applications:-
• Online games: The best cloud gaming services are Shaow, GeForce Now, Vortex, Project xCloud,
and PlayStation Now.
• Video Conferencing Apps: It allows us to communicate with our business partners, friends, and
relatives using a cloud-based video conferencing.

40. Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Security and Privacy: Security and Privacy of information is the biggest challenge to
cloud computing. Security and privacy issues can be overcome by employing encryption,
security hardware and security applications.

41. Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Portability: This is another challenge to cloud computing that applications should
easily be migrated from one cloud provider to another Interoperability
• It means the application on one platform should be able to incorporate services
from the other platforms.
• Computing Performance: Data intensive applications on cloud requires high
network bandwidth, which results in high cost.
• Low bandwidth does not meet the desired computing performance of cloud
application.
• Reliability and Availability: It is necessary for cloud systems to be reliable and
robust because most of the businesses are now becoming dependent on services
provided by third-party.

42. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud
Computing – Short Answer
Advantages :
• It is easier to get backup in cloud.
• It allows us easy and quick access stored information anywhere and anytime.
• It allows us to access data via mobile.
• It reduces both hardware ad Software cost, and it is easily maintainable.
• One of the biggest advantage of Cloud Computing is Database Security.
Disadvantages :
• It requires good internet connection.
• User have limited control on the data.

43. Advantages of Cloud Computing – Long Answer
• Cost reduction: Cloud computing lessens paperwork, enterprise deal
charges and minimizes the financial endeavour in hardware.
• Scalability: Cloud computing services sanction enterprises to only
compensate for what they use like electrical power and water. As the
business grows, user can put up by adding more server space.
• Levels the playing field: Sharing IT resources with other companies
reduces the cost of licensing software and retail servers.

44. Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Easier collaboration: Cloud computing services allow to access any time from any computer, it is
easy to work together with employees in remote locations.
• Affordable: With cloud computing, it is possible to reduce operational costs and investment
expenditures on hardware, software licenses and implementation services.
• Scalable and flexible: Cloud computing can sanction to maximize supplies for better competence
and lessen unused capacity. It can also scale up or downward to meet the varying demands of the
business.
• Efficiency: The employees have the right to use the database from everywhere by using any PC,
mobile device or browser. It also reduces overall energy usage and physical presence.

45. Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• Security concerns: The main concern with cloud computing is having your data easily reached
via the web. Although security is stretched and is getting even more advanced as technology
providers perfect the framework, it is still an anxiety.
• Risk of losing internet connection: If there is no Internet connection, the database accessing is
very difficult.
• Limited resources for customizations: One can require in-depth customizations and integration
with his current systems for his daily business functions. Cloud computing may not be
accommodating to his needs.
• Availability: If it happens, the cloud service goes down unexpectedly, leaving you without
important information for hours or more? Then how is it possible to get reliability in retrieval
of data is yet another challenge.
• Data mobility and ownership: In cloud environment, it is possible get back the data safely
even when the cloud service is stopped. How can you be assured that the service provider will
wipe out your data once you have cancelled the service?
• Privacy: How much data the cloud service companies are collecting and how are they using
the information?

46. Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Easier collaboration: Cloud computing services allow to access any time from any computer, it is
easy to work together with employees in remote locations.
• Affordable: With cloud computing, it is possible to reduce operational costs and investment
expenditures on hardware, software licenses and implementation services.
• Scalable and flexible: Cloud computing can sanction to maximize supplies for better competence
and lessen unused capacity. It can also scale up or downward to meet the varying demands of the
business.
• Efficiency: Cloud computing renders the gain of divided hardware, automated and recognizable
technologies. The employees have the right to use the database from everywhere by using any PC,
mobile device or browser. It also reduces overall energy usage and physical presence.

47. Some Questions
• What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
Ans: different data types used in cloud computing are emails, contracts, images, blogs, text, Boolean, decimal, locale, number,
date etc.
• How cloud computing is classified?
• Differentiate between private and public clouds.
• What are the factors to determine public or private cloud?
• What are the basic characteristics of cloud computing?
• What is a cloud service?
• Comment on the security of cloud computing.
• What are the main features of cloud services?
• How many types of deployment models are used in cloud?
• Which services are provided by Window Azure operating system?
• What are the advantages of cloud services?
• Define cloud application architecture.
• How are cloud services measured?