The document discusses type conversion in programming languages. It describes implicit type conversion, which occurs automatically when the compiler converts data types, and explicit type conversion, which uses type casting to forcibly convert one data type to another. It provides examples of both implicit and explicit conversions between integer, float, and double data types. Automatic type conversion during expressions is also covered, where the types with higher memory are converted to avoid data loss.

1. Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology
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Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Gujarat & GTU Affiliated

2.  TYPE CASTING forcefully converts the
value of one type into another type.
 There are two types of the casting :-
1) IMPLICIT TYPE
2) EXPLICIT TYPE

3.  When compiler automatically convert data
type of the data then it is called as a implicit
type conversion.
 When Type casting forcefully converts the
value of one type into another type then it is
called as a explicit type conversion.

4. (type) expression;
x = (int)10.456; //10.456 converts to 10.
int a = 34; z = (float) a; //34 converts to 34.000.
y = (int) a + b; //Result of a+b is converts to integer

5. AUTOMATIC TYPE CONVERSION :
IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO STORE VALUE OF ONE
TYPE INTO A VARIABLE OF ANOTHER TYPE
WITHOUT A CAST i.e. AUTOMATIC
CONVERSION.

6. IT IS POSSIBLE ONLY IF THE DESTINATION
TYPE HAS ENOUGH MEMORY SPACE TO
STORE THE SOURCE VALUE.
WHEN THE OPERAND IN AN EXPRESSION
ARE OF DIFFERENT DATA TYPE, THE
LOWER TYPE IS CONVERTED INTO HIGHER
TYPE BEFORE THE OPERAND PROCEEDS.

7. IF ONE OPERAND IS FLOATING POINT
AND OTHER IS INTEGER , THE INTEGER
IS CONVERTED IN TO FLOATING POINT
AND THE RESULT IS FLOATING POINT.
IF ONE OF THE OPERAND IS LONG
DOUBLE, CONVERT THE LONG DOUBLE
AND RESULT IS LONG DOUBLE.

8. EXAMPLES :
int j ;
float k;
j=4.6; //when 4.6 is assigned to j it gets converted in
to 4
k=12; //when12 is assigned to k it converts in to
12.000000

9. IN THE FINAL, THE RESULT OF EXPRESSION IS CONVERTED
IN TO THE TYPE OF THE VARIABLES ON THE LEFT OF THE '='
SIGN AND IN THIS PROCESS THE FOLLOWING CHANGES
MAY OCCUR :
FLOAT TO INT CAUSES TRUNCATION OF THE FRACTIONAL
PART OF ZERO.
DOUBLE TO FLOAT CAUSES ROUNDING OF DIGITS.