machine design & industrial drafting

1. 1
Branch – Environment Science
& Technology
Topic – Convergence of series
Guided by – Rakshitamam
Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology
Principle Supporter & Sponsor-United Phosphorous Ltd(UPL)/Shroff family
Managed By Ankleshwar Rotary Education Society
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Gujarat & GTU Affiliated
 PREPARED BY:-
PARMAR TUSHAR H._160993119013_MDID
PATEL DARSHAN R._160993119014_MDID
PATEL HARDIK A._160993119015_MDID
PATEL PARAS S._160993119016_MDID
PATEL VISHAL_160993119017_MDID
 GUIDED BY:- MR.RUDRA PARMAR

3. Tolerance (Definition)
• It is not possible to manufacture a machine element or component to the exact
specified dimensions. It is more true in mass production.
• Therefore, some permissible range is given for the dimension between
maximum & minimum limits so that the operator can produce the machine
element or component with the dimension laying between the two limits. This
permissible range of the dimension is called TOLERANCE.
• Tolerance can be defined as the permissible variation in the dimensions of the
component. It is the difference between the maximum & minimum size limits of
the component.

4.  GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCE
o The provisions of the permissible
variations in the geometry (shapes) of
the machine element or component is
made with the help of geometrical
tolerances.

5.  Mechanical component of tolerance
o Basic size: the nominal diameter of the
shaft (or bolt) and the hole. This is, in
general, the same for both components.
oLower deviation: the difference between the
minimum possible component size and the
basic size .
o Upper deviation: the difference between the
maximum possible component size and the
basic size .
o Limits :-The two extreme permissible size
of a given dimension are know as limits.

6.  TYPES OF GEOMETRIC TOLERANCE
1. FORM TOLERANCE
2. POSITION AND ORIENTATION TOLERANCE
o The geometrical tolerance are broadly classified into the following two
categories:
1. Form tolerance:
o The form tolerance deal with the geometrical form or shape of the line
or surface.
2. Position or orientation tolerance:
o The position and orientation tolerance deal with the relative location
or orientation of the line or surface.

7.  Type of geometrical tolerance based on datum
feature:
• Based on whether datum feature or reference is required to specify the
geometrical tolerance, the geometrical tolerance are classified into the following
two categories.
1. Single feature tolerance
2. Related feature tolerance
1. Single feature tolerance:
o The single feature tolerance do not require the datum feature or reference.
2. Related feature tolerance:
o The related feature tolerance require the datum feature or reference.

8.  B.I.S. System of Designation of Tolerances:
o According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the tolerance is specified by
following three parts,
I. Number to Represent Basic Size.
II. Alphabet to represent fundamental deviation.
III. Number to represent magnitude to tolerance or Tolerance Grade.

9. Methods of Representation of Dimensional
Tolerances on Drawings:
o The following three methods are used to show the tolerances on the
part drawings used for manufacturing purpose.
I. Maximum and Bilateral Tolerance Sizes.
II. Unilateral and Bilateral Tolerance System.
III. Basic Size With Symbol.