This document provides information about a course on engineering economics taught at a mechanical engineering department. It includes 5 course outcomes related to learning basic engineering economics concepts, time value of money, cash flow methods, depreciation methods, and applying economic principles to alternatives. The course covers topics like introduction to economics, value engineering, cash flow methods, replacement and maintenance analysis, and depreciation over 4 units. It lists learning resources like textbooks and references for further study.
Engineering economic importance & applicationabdus sobhan
Application of engineering or mathematical analysis and synthesis to decision making in economics.
The knowledge and techniques concerned with evaluating the worth of commodities and services relative to their cost.
Analysis of the economics of engineering alternativesThis course has to do with money and success.
Most of us want some measure of success in life.
For better or for worse, money (and economics) has a lot to do with success.
Introduction to Engineering Economy is about engineering economy &The technological and social environments in which we live continue to change at a rapid rate.
In recent decades, advances in science and engineering have transformed our transportation systems, revolutionized the practice of medicine, and miniaturized electronic circuits so that a computer can be placed on a semiconductor chip.
Engineering economic importance & applicationabdus sobhan
Application of engineering or mathematical analysis and synthesis to decision making in economics.
The knowledge and techniques concerned with evaluating the worth of commodities and services relative to their cost.
Analysis of the economics of engineering alternativesThis course has to do with money and success.
Most of us want some measure of success in life.
For better or for worse, money (and economics) has a lot to do with success.
Introduction to Engineering Economy is about engineering economy &The technological and social environments in which we live continue to change at a rapid rate.
In recent decades, advances in science and engineering have transformed our transportation systems, revolutionized the practice of medicine, and miniaturized electronic circuits so that a computer can be placed on a semiconductor chip.
In this presentation,I have stated some of the important topics and concepts of "Economic engineering". which can help an individual to enhance his skills in Economic engineering .
This Presentation Is Created By Me Of My Idea and Thoughts About Economics In Software Engineering In This Presentation Includes Basic Fundamentals of Economics In Software Engineering, and Below Topics Covered In This Presentation.
--> Introduction Of Economics In Software Engineering
--> Fundamentals Economics In Software Engineering
--> Life Cycle Of Economics In Software Engineering
--> Risk and Uncertainty in Economics In Software Engineering
--> Analysis Method in Economics In Software Engineering
--> Practical Consideration
--> Conclusion
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and onlin
PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY
1. Develop the Alternatives;
2. Focus on the Differences;
3. Use a Consistent Viewpoint;
4. Use a Common Unit of Measure;
5. Consider All Relevant Criteria;
6. Make Uncertainty Explicit;
7. Revisit Your Decisions
DEVELOP THE ALTERNATIVES
The final choice (decision) is among alternatives. The alternatives need to be identified and then defined for subsequent analysis.
FOCUS ON THE DIFFERENCES
Only the differences in expected future outcomes among the alternatives are relevant to their comparison and should be considered in the decision.
USE A CONSISTENT VIEWPOINT
The prospective outcomes of the alternatives, economic and other, should be consistently developed from a defined viewpoint (perspective).
USE A COMMON UNIT OF MEASURE
Using a common unit of measurement to enumerate as many of the prospective outcomes as possible will make easier the analysis and comparison of alternatives.
CONSIDER ALL RELEVANT CRITERIA
Selection of a preferred alternative (decision making) requires the use of a criterion (or several criteria). The decision process should consider the outcomes enumerated in the monetary unit and those expressed in some other unit of measurement or made explicit in a descriptive manner.
MAKE UNCERTAINTY EXPLICIT
Uncertainty is inherent in projecting (or estimating) the future outcomes of the alternatives and should be recognized in their analysis and comparison.
REVISIT YOUR DECISIONS
Improved decision making results from an adaptive process; to the extent practicable, the initial projected outcomes of the selected alternative should be subsequently compared with actual results achieved.
ABSTRACT : Financial services constitute the foundation of a modern economy. Financial engineering is using mathematical techniques to solve financial problems and exploit financial opportunities. It involves using financial such as forwards, futures, swaps, options and related products to restructure cash flows so as to achieve particular financial goals. It is a multidisciplinary field drawing from finance, economics, mathematics, engineering, and computational methods. This paper provides a brief introduction to financial engineering. It is hoped that it will offer a starting point for those who are new to the field.
Key Words: financial engineering, computational finance, risk management, simulation
In this presentation,I have stated some of the important topics and concepts of "Economic engineering". which can help an individual to enhance his skills in Economic engineering .
This Presentation Is Created By Me Of My Idea and Thoughts About Economics In Software Engineering In This Presentation Includes Basic Fundamentals of Economics In Software Engineering, and Below Topics Covered In This Presentation.
--> Introduction Of Economics In Software Engineering
--> Fundamentals Economics In Software Engineering
--> Life Cycle Of Economics In Software Engineering
--> Risk and Uncertainty in Economics In Software Engineering
--> Analysis Method in Economics In Software Engineering
--> Practical Consideration
--> Conclusion
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and onlin
PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING ECONOMY
1. Develop the Alternatives;
2. Focus on the Differences;
3. Use a Consistent Viewpoint;
4. Use a Common Unit of Measure;
5. Consider All Relevant Criteria;
6. Make Uncertainty Explicit;
7. Revisit Your Decisions
DEVELOP THE ALTERNATIVES
The final choice (decision) is among alternatives. The alternatives need to be identified and then defined for subsequent analysis.
FOCUS ON THE DIFFERENCES
Only the differences in expected future outcomes among the alternatives are relevant to their comparison and should be considered in the decision.
USE A CONSISTENT VIEWPOINT
The prospective outcomes of the alternatives, economic and other, should be consistently developed from a defined viewpoint (perspective).
USE A COMMON UNIT OF MEASURE
Using a common unit of measurement to enumerate as many of the prospective outcomes as possible will make easier the analysis and comparison of alternatives.
CONSIDER ALL RELEVANT CRITERIA
Selection of a preferred alternative (decision making) requires the use of a criterion (or several criteria). The decision process should consider the outcomes enumerated in the monetary unit and those expressed in some other unit of measurement or made explicit in a descriptive manner.
MAKE UNCERTAINTY EXPLICIT
Uncertainty is inherent in projecting (or estimating) the future outcomes of the alternatives and should be recognized in their analysis and comparison.
REVISIT YOUR DECISIONS
Improved decision making results from an adaptive process; to the extent practicable, the initial projected outcomes of the selected alternative should be subsequently compared with actual results achieved.
ABSTRACT : Financial services constitute the foundation of a modern economy. Financial engineering is using mathematical techniques to solve financial problems and exploit financial opportunities. It involves using financial such as forwards, futures, swaps, options and related products to restructure cash flows so as to achieve particular financial goals. It is a multidisciplinary field drawing from finance, economics, mathematics, engineering, and computational methods. This paper provides a brief introduction to financial engineering. It is hoped that it will offer a starting point for those who are new to the field.
Key Words: financial engineering, computational finance, risk management, simulation
This report discusses and talks about the engineering economic analysis material and
introduces the student to cost analysis scenarios in which a typical working engineer
might be involved. It outlines some of the many and varied cost and economic
analyses to which beginning, as well as journeyman, engineers are exposed. Effective
analysis of product and project costs and the ability to implement cost control
measures are two sides of the same coin. Most business economic decisions involve
the element of time, however, and it is thus necessary to consider factors such as
interest, the time value of money, and depreciation of equipment. The effect of
inflation (or deflation) on the rate of return for investment depends on how the
future returns respond. Larger investments are analyzed by evaluating the rate of
return. Like other decision-making processes, the decision matrix is a valuable tool to
assist in evaluating the various alternatives, And so report explained and I mentioned
a very important part or let's say element in engineering economic witch is interested I
explained it briefly within its formula and figures and its type and ect...finally my aim
is showing effect and importance and actions of the (Interest) in economy field.
A Guide to Strategic Case AnalysisEach group is responsible for .docxsleeperharwell
A Guide to Strategic Case Analysis
Each group is responsible for one written case assignment, which should resemble an executive briefing based on your analysis of the case (10-15 pages, excluding figures, exhibits, and appendices). You may choose which case to do. These briefings must be professionally done (typed, 1” margins, 11 or 12 font, times new roman, etc.) and turned in at the beginning of the class period for which that case will be discussed. Be prepared to comment on the case extensively and to lead the discussion in class. Turning in a case without attending class is unacceptable and will result in the briefing not being counted! The presentation should be an in- depth professional presentation over the case assignment. Professionalism and creativity are expected along with solid content. Length of the presentation should be about 20 to 25 minutes in overall time length with a 5-10-minute discussion session at the end. Use PowerPoint slides and provide a copy of slides to instructor. All members of the team must be presentation participants.
These assignments should be between 10 and 15 pages in length – typed, double-spaced and neat. Coverage should include:
• Executive Overview – gives general overview of case including key issues or problems and recommendations.
• Analysis – briefly describes the overarching framework for the case and its background. No additional information should be used other than that provided in the case text.
• Problem Statement – more focus on statement of problem or central issue within case. More than one issue may be relevant so limit write-up to the three most interesting or troublesome issues. Name and explain these explicitly.
• Options – give several options for the focal organization concerning these problems or issues.
• Recommendation – name one explicit action that will help or fix that which is named in the problem statement.
• Implementation and Control – briefly explain how the recommendation may be carried out and how it can be controlled, altered or adjusted if necessary.
* You may read chapter 13 which provide a detailed guidelines.
AnalyticalTools
There are a number of analytical tools to help you organize, analyze, and display your information in a convenient and easy to interpret form. Some of these techniques allow you to quantify the decisions by making judgments about the situation. You should select those tools which best fit the particular case situation. Following are some of the tools that are available:
1) Performance Analysis - You should make comparisons of key financial and market data at both the corporate and business unit level with major competitors and/or industry averages. Compare key expenses to sales, such as percent R&D of sales, percent sales and administrative expense of sales, percent of accounts receivable of sales, and sales per employee or sales per store.
2) BCG Portfolio Mapping / Product Mission Matrix - Developing a matrix that compares variables betwee.
Determining the Mathematical ROI of a Project Management Office (PMO) Impleme...Ricardo Viana Vargas
The objective of this paper is to present, discuss and apply a mathematical model based on the use of Monte Carlo simulation in conjunction with researches on project success/failure rates of projects to develop a 10 step model to calculate the mathematical return on investment (ROI) for the Project Office implementation.
Discussion 1 Analysis of Financial Statements.A. This discussi.docxfelipaser7p
Discussion 1: Analysis of Financial Statements
.
A. This discussion assignment will allow for the completion of a ratio analysis. It will also provide information that will be useful as you prepare the written report for Assignment 1: Financial Research Report, which is due at the end of Week 9.
Step 1
: Select a publicly-traded company that you will (or might) use for Assignment 1: Financial Research Report, which is due at the end of Week 9.
Step 2
: Locate financial ratio data from Mergent Online. Financial statements, ratios, and other useful information are available from the Mergent Online database that is available through the Strayer University Learning Resource Center (online). Please notice that financial ratios are grouped into appropriate categories (Profitability Ratios, Liquidity Ratios, Debt Management Ratios, and Asset Management Ratios), which makes it easy to set up the ratios and use them in the analysis.
Accessing the Mergent Online Database – Financial Statements for companies, financial ratios, and Form 10K annual reports can be obtained from the Strayer University Learning Resource Center, which is accessible from the Online Classroom (see tab at the top of the screen).
Select – Learning Resource Center
Select – Databases
Select Mergent Online
Then, in the block titled “Company Search – Enter Symbol or Company Name” enter the company’s name or its Stock Ticker Symbol (e.g., for McCormick & Company, enter MKC). Next, select the company from the drop-down menu.
For Financial Statements – Select “Company Financials” tab
For Financial Ratios – Select “Company Financials” tab and “Ratios” sub-tab
For Form 10K Annual Reports – Select “Filings” tab (and then select the most recent Annual Form 10K report)
Step 3
: Enter the financial ratio data into the Financial Ratio Analysis Model (the attached Excel spreadsheet). The data need to be entered into the yellow-coded cells (column is titled “Oldest Year”) progressing to the most recent year on the left (column is titled “Most Recent Year”).
The model presently contains financial information for McCormick & Company (Stock Ticker MKC).
You will note that the Excel spreadsheet model is programmed to identify if each ratio improved or deteriorated over the time period. And, the spreadsheet is programmed to calculate the percentage change in each of the ratios during the same period. This information should be helpful as you prepare your analysis.
(Note: This spreadsheet could be “imported” into the Assignment 1: Financial Research Report due at the end of Week 10.)
Step 4
: Prepare an analysis and discussion of the financial ratio data that are examined in the Financial Ratio Analysis Model. It is always appropriate to include the actual ratio data in the written analysis in addition to its presentation in a table, chart or graph.
(Note: In addition to Mergent, another good source of financial data and company information is:
http://www.advfn.com
.)
B. Fr.
BBA 2301, Principles of Accounting II 1 Course LeaCicelyBourqueju
BBA 2301, Principles of Accounting II 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Explain how financial information influences both short-term and long-term management decisions.
7.1 Describe the use of standard cost manufacturers and service businesses.
8. Discuss operational and capital budgets.
8.1 Describe capital budgeting methods.
8.2 Identify the use of intangible benefits in capital budgeting.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
7.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 26, pp. 26-1 to 26-24
Webpage: Balanced Scorecard Basics
Video: What is a balanced scorecard: A simple explanation for anyone
Unit VIII Case Study
8.1
Unit Lesson
Chapter 27, pp. 27-1 to 27-19
Unit VIII Case Study
8.2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 27, pp. 27-1 to 27-19
Unit VIII Case Study
Required Unit Resources
Chapter 26: Standard Costs and Balanced Scorecard, pp. 26-1 to 26-24
Chapter 27: Planning for Capital Investments, pp. 27-1 to 27-19
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
Balanced Scorecard Institute. (n.d.). Balanced scorecard basics. https://balancedscorecard.org/bsc-basics-
overview/
For the video resource below, a transcript and closed captioning are available upon accessing the video.
Marr, B. (2019, June 24). What is a balanced scorecard: A simple explanation for anyone [Video]. Cielo24.
https://c24.page/2s4pmxpj2kpwnprckg6p8tcjtu
Unit Lesson
Introduction
This final unit will conclude the study of managerial accounting. This lesson will share important content for
managers in manufacturing, merchandising, and service companies. Content includes estimating future costs,
implementing financial and non-financial performance measures, and incorporating capital budgeting.
Costing requires you to make estimates. As noted in a previous unit, many people are uncomfortable with this
task, as they are used to having objective numbers given to them. However, as much as the future is
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Management: Costs and Capital Investing
https://balancedscorecard.org/bsc-basics-overview/
https://c24.page/2s4pmxpj2kpwnprckg6p8tcjtu
BBA 2301, Principles of Accounting II 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
unpredictable, we are still required to use our experience and judgment to chart a path forward. In this unit,
you will learn about standard costs. Partially based on prior period actual costs, they provide the basis for
budgeting and subsequent evaluation. Management accountants, no matter the title, are integral to the
development of standard costs, implementation of the balanced scorecard, and the capital budgeting process.
Pay attention as you read, review, and evaluate this unit as it is almost wholly transferable to any company.
Consider the following questions and how you would respond to each as you move through this unit.
As the chief accounting officer (CAO) or chief ...
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair.pdf
two marks with answers
1. A Course Material on
ENGINEERING ECONOMICS
By
SK NAGOOR VALI
Assistant Professor
Department Of Mechanical
Engineering
2. MG6863-ENGINEERING ECONOMICS
After completion of course student will able to
CO1 Learn basic of Engineering Economics and optimum cost.
CO2 Understand Value Engineering and Time Value of money.
CO3 Differentiate Cast Dominated and Revenue Dominated Cash flow.
CO4 Apply suitable Cash flow methods for different Situation.
CO5 Apply Depreciation method for Individual/Industrial/Public Alternatives.
CO/PO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 3 3 2 1 1
CO2 3 2 2 1 2 1
CO3 2 1 2
CO4 2 3
CO5 3 3 2
3. MG6863 ENGINEERING ECONOMICS L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS 8
Introduction to Economics- Flow in an economy, Law of supply and demand, Concept of
Engineering Economics – Engineering efficiency, Economic efficiency, Scope of engineering
economics – Element of costs, Marginal cost, Marginal Revenue, Sunk cost, Opportunity
cost, Break-even analysis - V ratio, Elementary economic Analysis – Material selection for
product Design selection for a product, Process planning.
UNIT II VALUE ENGINEERING 10
Make or buy decision, Value engineering – Function, aims, Value engineering
procedure. Interest formulae and their applications –Time value of money, Single payment
compound amount factor, Single payment present worth factor, Equal payment series
sinking fund factor, Equal payment series payment Present worth factor- equal payment
series capital recovery factor - Uniform gradient series annual equivalent factor,
Effective interest rate, Examples in all the methods.
UNIT III CASH FLOW 9
Methods of comparison of alternatives – present worth method (Revenue dominated cash
flow diagram), Future worth method (Revenue dominated cash flow diagram, cost
dominated cash flow diagram), Annual equivalent method (Revenue dominated cash
flow diagram, cost dominated cash flow diagram), rate of return method, Examples in all
the methods.
UNIT IV REPLACEMENT AND MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS 9
Replacement and Maintenance analysis – Types of maintenance, types of replacement
problem, determination of economic life of an asset, Replacement of an asset with a new
asset – capital recovery with return and concept of challenger and defender, Simple
probabilistic model for items which fail completely.
UNIT V DEPRECIATION 9
Depreciation- Introduction, Straight line method of depreciation, declining balance method
of depreciation-Sum of the years digits method of depreciation, sinking fund method of
depreciation/ Annuity method of depreciation, service output method of depreciation-
Evaluation of public alternatives- introduction, Examples, Inflation adjusted decisions –
procedure to adjust inflation, Examples on comparison of alternatives and determination of
economic life of asset TOTAL: 45 PERIODS
4. OUTCOMES :
Upon successful completion of this course, students will acquire the skills to apply the
basics of economics and cost analysis to engineering and take economically sound
decisions.
CONTENT BEYOND THE SYLLABUS:
Linear programming
Project management and
construction management
LEARNING RESOURCES:
TEXT BOOKS:
1. PanneerSelvam,R,“Engineering Economics”Prentice Hall India Ltd, Delhi,2001.
2. Suma Damodaran, “ Managerial economics”, Oxford university press 2006.
REFERENCES:
1. Chan S.Park, “Contemporary Engineering Economics”, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.
2. Donald.G. Newman, Jerome.P.Lavelle, “Engineering Economics and analysis” Engg.
Press, Texas, 2002
3. Degarmo, E.P., Sullivan, W.G and Canada, J.R, “Engineering Economy”, Macmillan,
New York, 1984
4. Grant.E.L., Ireson.W.G., and Leavenworth, R.S, “Principles of Engineering
Economy”, Ronald Press, New York,1976.
5. Smith, G.W., “Engineering Economy”, Lowa State Press, Iowa, 1973.
6. Truett&Truett, “ Managerial economics- Analysis, problems & cases “ Wiley India 8th
edition 2004.
1. Luke M Froeb / Brian T Mccann, “ Managerail Economics – A problem
solvingapproach”
Thomson learning 2007
WEB RESOURCES:
1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Economics engineering
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES :
1. NPTEL Tutorials (Internal Server)
2. Online objective questions
3.Youtube
5. UNIT -1
INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS
1. Definition of economics [April / May 2013]
Economics as a science of wealth, it is both a theoretical and practical science it
provides not only theoretical knowledge but also helps to solve many day to day problems
facing the humanity.
2. State the importance of engineering economics. [April / May 2013]
Increasing productivity and production
Reducing human effort in the increase of wealth Scanning of
external factors such as firm‘s environment Scanning of
internal factors such firm‘s operational decisions
3. What do you mean by factors of production? [ Nov / Dec 2014]
They are land, labour, capital and organization. The demand for a factor of production is not
a direct demand. It is an indirect or derived demand; it is derived from the demand for the
products that factors produce.
4. Explain the relationship between economic decision and technical decision. [Nov
/ Dec 2014]
Economic decision- it is focus on the maximum profit on minimum cost and then to
achieve the socio economic goal.
Technical decision- it is to achieve the company goals to determine the feedback
system basis to change the objective of company goals.
5. Draw the break even chart. [Nov / Dec 2013]
A break even chart is a graphical representation of marginal costing. It is also indicates the
estimated profit or loss at various levels of output. It is a graph showing he amounts of
fixed variable costs and the sales revenue at different volumes of operation.
6. Why does the demand curve slope down wards? [ Nov / Dec 2013]
When price falls, the marginal utility of the commodity in relation to money also falls,
and so the quantity demanded increases. The income effect induces the consumer to
purchase more. A fall in the price of a commodity makes it cheaper in relation to other
commodities.
7. What do you mean by break even analysis? [ Nov / Dec 2012]
It is a tool for analyzing the financial aspect whereby the impact on profit of the changes in
volume price costs and sales mix can be estimated with higher level accuracy.
6. 8. Define margin of safety. [Nov / Dec 2012]
Margin safety may be defined as the excess of actual sales or production at the
selected activity over break even sales or production. Simply margin of sales is excess
sales over the break even sales .it is abbreviated as mos.
9. What is p/v ratio? [ April / May 2010]
It is an important tool in decision making. It is used for the calculation of BEP and in
problems regarding profit and sales relationship. A higher P/V ratio indicates the greater
profitability and vice versa. So the organization makes necessary effort to obtain higher p/v
ratio.
10. Write the merits and demerits on break even chart. [April / May 2012]
Assumption- all costs are segregated into fixed and variable cost. Total fixed costs are
constant at all levels of output, production and sales figures are same variable costs
vary proportionately with the level of volume of output.
Merits- preparation of flexible budget, formulation of price policy, it provides guidance
for cost control, total profit could be calculated accurately.
Demerits- fixed cost does not always remain constant, it ignores economies of scale in
production, and variable cost does not always vary proportionately.
UNIT -2
VALUE ENGINEERING
1. What is financial management? [April / May 2013]
It is concerned with the duties of the financial managers in the business firm. Financial
Management is a operational activity of a business that is responsible for obtaining and
effectively utilizing the funds for necessary for efficient operation of business.
2. What are the sources of finance? [April / May 2013]
The source of capita debt and equity Equity- equity capital, preference capital, internal
accruals. Debt—term loans, debentures, working capital advances, miscellaneous
sources.
3. What is the internal generation of funds? [Nov / Dec 2014]
A quantifiable mathematical rate that portrays how quickly a bank is able to generate
equity capital. The Internal capital Generation Rate (ICGR) is calculated by dividing the
bank retained earnings by the average balance of the combined equity of all stockholder for
a given accounting period. The bank retained earnings are found by subtracting dividends
paid from net income.
7. 4. What do you mean by shares? [Nov / Dec 2014]
The holder of a share is the owner of the company there is no question offering any
security to shareholders they being owners of the company.
5. What is fund flow statement [ Nov / Dec 2013]
A statement of sources and application of funds is a technical device, designed to analyze
the changes in the financial conditions of a business enterprise between two balance sheet
dates.
6. What is balance sheet? [Nov / Dec 2013]
A balance sheet is a statement which is prepared for the purpose of finding out the
assets and liability position of the concern for the particular period.
7. What are the managerial uses and limitations of fund flow statement? [C Nov /
Dec 2012]
It is not substitute for a financial statement. It gives only some information‘s about changes
in working capital alone; it indicates only the past year‘s performance and not for the
future.it cannot show much accuracy.
8. What is working capital finance? [Nov / Dec 2012]
Working capital is the excess of current assets over current liabilities. Net working
capital- current asset - current liabilities.
9. What are the limitations of financial statement? [April / May 2010]
It is ignores the changes in price level, the records of past events only many items in the
financial statement are based on personal judgment of the accountant.
10. What is commercial paper? [ April / May 2010]
It represents short term unsecured promissory notes issued by firms which enjoy a fairly
high credit rating. It is large firms with considerable financial strength are able to issue a
commercial paper.
8. UNIT -2
CASH FLOW
1. What is marginal cost pricing? [April / May 2013]
Marginal cost is a production and economics calculation that tells you the cost of producing
additional items. You must know several production variables, such as fixed costs and
variable costs in order to find it.
2. What is capital budgeting? [April / May 2013]
Capital budgeting is a process used by companies for evaluating and ranking potential
expenditures or investments that are significant in amount. The large expenditures
could include the purchase of new equipment, rebuilding existing equipment,
purchasing delivery vehicles, constructing additions to buildings, etc. The large amounts
spent for these types of projects are known as capital expenditures.
3. What is payback period? [Nov / Dec 2014]
Payback period is the time in which the initial cash outflow of an investment is expected to
be recovered from the cash inflows generated by the investment. It is one of the simplest
investment appraisal techniques.
The formula to calculate payback period of a project depends on whether the cash flow
per period from the project is even or uneven. In case they are even, the formula to
calculate payback period is:
Payback Period =
Initial Investment
Cash Inflow per Period
When cash inflows are uneven, we need to calculate the cumulative net cash flow for
each period and then use the following formula for payback period.
4. What is NPV? [ Nov / Dec 2014]
The difference between the present value of the future cash flows from an investment and
the amount of investment. Present value of the expected cash flows is computed by
discounting them at the required rate of return.
5. What is bid pricing? [May/June 2015]
The bid price represents the maximum price that a buyer or buyers are willing to pay for a
security.
6. What is feasibility? [ May/June 2015]
A feasibility study looks at the viability of an idea with an emphasis on identifying
potential problems he information you gather and present in your feasibility study will
7. How to preparation of feasibility report? [Nov / Dec 2013]
9. A feasibility study may be necessary for a variety of projects, including many business
studies for the expansion or continued operation of a company or small business, as
well as other types of proposed projects like public works initiatives.
8. What is the relationship between marginal cost and average cost? [ Nov / Dec
2013]
The relationship between MC AND AC is exactly of the similar nature. The relation between
this MC AND AC is more a mathematical one rather than economics. Because of the small
output MC and AC must be the same.
9. What is the difference between fixed cost and variable cost. [ Nov / Dec 2012]
Fixed cost remains fixed irrespective of the level of output ex. Rent salaries, insurance etc.
Variable cost- this cost varies with the volume of output ex- direct material, direct labour,
direct expenses, selling commission etc.
10. What are the elements of cost? [ Nov / Dec 2012]
There are broadly three elements of cost - (1) material, (2) labour and (3) expenses. Direct
Material: All materials which become an integral part of the finished j product, the cost of
which are directly and completely assigned to the specific physical units and charged
to the prime cost, are known as direct material. Direct labour is all labour
expended and directly involved in altering the condition, composition or construction of
the product. Direct Expenses: Expenses which are specifically incurred and can be directly
and wholly allocated to a particular product, job or service are termed as 'direct expenses'
UNIT - 4
REPLACEMENT AND MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS
1. What are the major forms of Organization? [ April / May 2013]
1. Sole Proprietorship,
2. Joint Hindu Family Business,
3. Partnership,
4. Joint Stock Company,
5. Co-operative Society
10. 2. Define State Enterprise. [April / May 2013]
― Public enterprise means state ownership and operation of industrial, agricultural,
financial and commercial undertaking‖- A.K.Hansen
3. What is Mixed Economy? [ Nov / Dec 2014]
Capitalism has some merits and defects. Socialism has some merits and demerits .If the
merits of the two
System are Combined by judicious policy there will be greater welfare of the society.
4. What are the type of Banks? [Nov / Dec 2014]
Commercial Bank
Agriculture Bank
Industrial Bank
Central Bank
5. Define Commercial Bank? [ Nov / Dec 2013]
― The accepting for the purpose of lending or investment ,deposits of money from the
public repayable on demand or otherwise and withdrawable by cheque, draft order or
otherwise‖
6. List out any Four functions of Commercial Bank. [Nov / Dec 2013]
Acceptance of Deposit
Advancing of Loans
Investment of funds
Purchase and sale of foreign Exchange
7. List out the objective of Monetary Policy. [CO4 - L1 - April / May 2010]
Full employment
Price stability
Stimulating economic growth.
UNIT -5
DEPRECIATION
11. 1. What do you mean by break even analysis? [April / May 2013]
It is a tool for analyzing the financial aspect whereby the impact on profit of the changes in
volume price costs and sales mix can be estimated with higher level accuracy.
2. Define margin of safety. [April / May 2013]
Margin safety may be defined as the excess of actual sales or production at the
selected activity over break even sales or production. Simply margin of sales is excess
sales over the break even sales .it is abbreviated as mos.
3. What is p/v ratio? [ Nov / Dec 2014]
It is an important tool in decision making. It is used for the calculation of BEP and in
problems regarding profit and sales relationship. A higher P/V ratio indicates the greater
profitability and vice versa. So the organization makes necessary effort to obtain higher p/v
ratio.
4. What is making or buy decision? [Nov / Dec 2014]
The outside price of the component is lower than the marginal cost of producing it is worth
buying, if the outside price is higher than the marginal cost making the component in the
factory may be preferred.
5. What is angle of incidence? [ Nov / Dec 2013]
It indicates the profit earning capacity the angle is formed at the breakeven point where the
sales line cuts the total cost line. The angle may be large or small. Large angle of incidence
indicates higher profit rate and vice versa.
6. Write the merits and demerits on break even chart. [ Nov / Dec 2013]
Assumption- all costs are segregated into fixed and variable cost. Total fixed costs are
constant at all levels of output, production and sales figures are same variable costs
vary proportionately with the level of volume of output.
7. What are the managerial uses of break-even analysis? [Nov / Dec 2012]
It is very useful for forecasting and profits. Long term planning and growth the chart
discloses profits at various levels of production. It can also be used to study the
comparative plant efficiencies of the industry.
8. Differentiate market price and normal price. [ Nov / Dec 2012]
Market price prevails in the very short period It is the result of temporary equilibrium
between demand and supply Market price is more influenced by demand
Market price fluctuates even daily
12. All commodities reproducible or non-reproducible have a market price Normal price- it
prevails in the long period, it is the result of long period equilibrium, it is largely
influenced by supply and cost of production, it is stable, it is equal to the cost of
production, reproducible commodities alone have normal price.
9. What is demand? [April / May 2010]
Demand can be represented graphically, as a line with price on the y axis and quantity
demanded on the x axis. It can also be represented in a table, known as a demand
schedule.
� Price and demand almost always have an inverse relationship. As the price of a good
goes up, the demand goes down.
� There are many factors other than price that influence demand. Some examples are
tastes and preferences, disposable income, and the price.
10. What is the significance elasticity of demand? [ April / May 2010]
The demand of a particular product change when there is a change in price or when
there is a change in income of household‘s price of related goods, tastes and
expectations advertising expenses etc.