2. WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS?
Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a bacterial infection that can
spread through the lymph nodes and bloodstream to any organ in your
body. It is most often found in the lungs. Most people who are exposed to
TB never develop symptoms because the bacteria can live in an inactive
form in the body. But if the immune system weakens, such as in people
with HIV or elderly adults, TB bacteria can become active. In their active
state, TB bacteria cause death of tissue in the organs they infect. Active
TB disease can be fatal if left untreated. Because the bacteria that cause
tuberculosis are transmitted through the air, the disease can be
contagious.
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4. BY WHICH MICRO-ORGANISM IS TUBERCULOSIS
CAUSED?
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious
disease that is caused by
a bacterium called Mycobacteru
mtuberculosis (Mtb). When a
person breathes in Mtb-
contaminated air, the inhaled TB
bacteria reach the lungs. This
causes an Mtb infection.
However, not everyone infected
with TB bacteria becomes sick.
The bacteria can remain dormant
(asleep) for years and not cause
any TB disease
• For someone to develop active TB
disease, the following two events
must take place:
• The bacteria enter the body and
cause an Mtb infection.
• The immune system cannot stop the
TB bacteria from growing and
spreading after the initial infection.
• The active bacteria multiply and
destroy the tissue. A person with TB
disease shows symptoms that vary,
depending on where the TB bacteria
are growing. In most cases, the
bacteria attack the lungs.
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6. EFFECTS OF TUBERCULOSIS
Major symptoms of TB are:
prolonged cough, bloody
expectorations, chest pain,
and changes in a person's
general health status.
Coughing, sneezing, talking,
and spitting can all spread
the bacilli into the air, where
they can remain viable for
several hours before being
inhaled by another person.
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7. CURE OF THE THREATENING DISEASE.
• Infection Control
• Hospitals and clinics should take precautions to prevent the spread of TB,
which include identifying patients with suspected TB and using ultraviolet light
to sterilize the air, special filters, and special respirators and masks. In
hospitals, people with TB SHOULD BE isolated in special rooms with
controlled ventilation and airflow until they can no longer spread TB bacteria.
By having an infection control plan in place, healthcare settings can ensure
the prompt detection and treatment of persons who have suspected or
confirmed TB disease.
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