brief discription about p.t.b

1. Pulmonary
tuberculosis
By. Dr. Shiv Kumar
NTPC Sipat

2. History
 Tubercular decay has been found in the spines
of Egyptian mummies.
 Pictured: Egyptian mummy in the British
Museum

3. EPIDAEMIOLOGY
 World TB incidence. Cases per 100,000; Red => 300,
orange = 200–300, yellow = 100–200, green = 50–100,
blue =< 50 and grey = n/a. Data from WHO, 2006

4. INTRODUCTION
 Definition :Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious
bacterial infection that mainly involves the lungs, but may
spread to other organs caused by the Mycobacterium
tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis
 In the United States, most people will recover from
primary TB infection without further evidence of the
disease. The infection may stay non active for years and
then reactivate.
 Most people who develop symptoms of a TB infection
first became infected in the past. However, in some
cases, the disease may become active within weeks after
the primary infection

5. Transmission
 cough, sneeze, speak, they expel infectious
aerosol droplets 0.5 to 5 µm in diameter. A
single sneeze can release up to 40,000
droplets.Each one of these droplets may
transmit the disease, since the infectious dose
of tuberculosis is very low and the inhalation of
just a single bacterium can cause a new
infection
 Transmission can only occur from people with
active — not latent

6. Clinical presentation
The primary stage of the disease usually doesn't have
symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
 Cough heamoptysis
 Excessive sweating, especially at night
 Fatigue
 Fever
 Unintentional weight loss
Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:
 Breathing difficulty
 Chest pain
 Wheezing