tuberculosis is caused by an bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is an Acid fast stain organism. it was discovered by Robert Koch.

1. TUBERCULOSIS

2.  TB is a disease caused by a bacterium
called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The
bacteria usually attack the lungs, butTB bacteria
can attack any part of the body such as the
kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly,
TB disease can be fatal.TB disease was once the
leading cause of death.

3.  Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a small, aerobic, gram
+ve ,non-motile bacillus.
 They have outer Lipid bilayer and protect it from
antibody or vaccines.
 The Mycobacterium tuberculosis includes 4 other that
causesTB, via .
 (i) Mycobacterium bovis.
 (ii) Mycobacterium africanum.
 (iii) Mycobacterium canetti.
 (iv) Mycobacterium microti.
 The Mycobacterium tuberculosis retains some strains
even after treated with acid solution.The most common
acid-fast staining techniques are the Ziehl – Neelsen
and Kinyoun stain.

4. Discovered by:
 ROBET KOCH discovered a compound in 24
March 1882 that is known as Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, It is also called as KOCH BACILLI
(OR) TUBERCLE BACILLI and the patient was
cured.

5. How TB Spreads:
 TB is spread through the air from one person to
another.TheTB bacteria are put into the air when a
person withTB disease of the lungs or throat
coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. People nearby
may breathe in these bacteria and become infected.
TB is NOT spread by
 shaking someone's hand
 touching bed linens
 toilet seats

6. Latent TB Infection:
TB bacteria can live in the body without
making you sick (In-active state).This is called
latentTB infection. In most people who breathe
inTB bacteria and become infected, the body is
able to fight the bacteria to stop them from
growing. People with latentTB infection do not
feel sick and do not have any symptoms. People
with latentTB infection are not infectious and
cannot spreadTB bacteria to others. However, if
TB bacteria become active in the body and
multiply, the person will changes from latentTB
infection toTB disease.

7. TB Disease:
 TB bacteria become active if the immune system can't stop
them from growing. WhenTB bacteria are active (multiplying
in your body), this is called TB disease. People withTB disease
are sick.They may also be able to spread the bacteria to
people they spend time with every day.
 Many people who have latentTB infection never developTB
disease. Some people dnt developTB disease because their
immune system can fight theTB bacteria. Other people may
get sick later when their immune system becomes weak for any
other reason.
 For people whose immune systems are weak, especially those
with HIV infection, the risk of developingTB disease is much
higher than for people with normal immune systems.

8. TB Symptoms :
 A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer.
 Pain in the chest.
 Coughing up blood or sputum.
 Weakness..
 Weight loss.
 Appetite.
 Chills.
 Fever.
 Sweating at night.

9. TB Risk Factors :
TB disease is higher if the person:
 Has HIV infection.
 Has been recently infected withTB bacteria (in
the last 2 years).
 Has other health problems, like diabetes, that
make it hard for the body to fight bacteria.
 Abuses alcohol or uses illegal drugs.
 Was not treated correctly forTB infection in the
past

10. Testing for TB Infection :
 There are two kinds of tests that are used to
detectTB bacteria in the body:
 TheTB skin test (TST)
 TB blood tests (TBT)
 These tests can give positive reactions, if you are
affected.Then you will be given other tests to
see if you have latentTB infection orTB disease.

11. Treatment for TB Disease :
 TB disease can be treated by taking several
drugs, usually for 6 to 9 months. It is very
important to finish the medicine, and take the
drugs exactly as prescribed. If you stop taking
the drugs too soon, you can become sick again.
If you do not take the drugs correctly, the germs
that are still alive may become resistant to those
drugs.TB that is resistant to drugs is harder and
more expensive to treat.

12. Diagnose:
 The most common diagnostic test forTB is a skin
test where a small injection of PPD tuberculin
(Mantoux test), an extract of theTB bacterium, is
made just below the inside forearm.
 The injection site should be checked after 23 days,
and if a hard, red bump has swollen up then it is
likely thatTB is present.

13. Diagnose:
 The another common diagnostic test forTB isCXR
(Chest X-ray) of a person with advancedTB.

14. TB Vaccine(BCG)control measures :
 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a vaccine for
tuberculosis (TB) disease.This vaccine is not
widely used but it is often given to infants and
small children in other countries whereTB is
common. BCG does not always protect people
from gettingTB.