The document discusses tourism development planning. It notes that planning can take either a proactive or reactive approach. The proactive approach requires a deep understanding of internal and external factors that could impact development. The reactive approach assumes there are too many variables to plan effectively. The document also outlines key aspects of tourism like its labor intensive nature, seasonality, and role in wealth distribution. It describes the multi-layered nature of tourism planning from international to local levels. An effective development plan is flexible, thorough, and follows processes for analysis, policy formation, and implementation with monitoring for reformulation.

1. TOURISM
PLANNING
Prepared by: Ma'am L

2. Integrated Planning and
Development


PROACTIVE APPROACH – requires
deep and thorough understanding of
not only the local economy and its
structure, limitations and strengths, but
also the probable effects of external
factors, how they may impinge on the
local developent process and what form
these external effects are likely to take.
REACTIVE APPROACH – based upon
the premise that there are too many
variables, internally and externally, to be
able to plan

3. TOURISM AND
DEVELOPMENT


Tourism product characteristics
Tourism as a means of wealth distribution

Tourism as labor-intensive industry

Tourism and on-the-job training


Protectionism

Multitude of industry

Price flexibility

Price Competitive

Seasonality
The structure of tourism

4. TOURISM PRODUCT
CHARACTERISTICS
>>> Uniqueness
>>> Multiplier effect
>>> Leakage

5. TOURISM AS A MEANS OF
WEALTH DISTRIBUTION
>>> fastest earners of foreign
exchange
>>> domestic tourism –
effective means of income
redsitribution

6. TOURISM AS A LABORINTENSIVE INDUSTRY
>>> generation of employment
opportunities
>>> importation of labor

7. TOURISM AND ON-THEJOB TRAINING
>>> educational qualifications
>>> education and training

8. STRUCTURE OF THE
TOURISM INDUSTRY
>>> SME's
>>> International Hotel Chains
>>> Independent flight operators
>>> National airline giants

9. MULTITUDE OF
INDUSTRIES
>>> different tourism sectors
>>> employment mutipliers
>>> tourist expenditure

10. PRICE FLEXIBILITY
>>> product differentiation
PRICE COMPETITIVE
>>> price sensitivity

11. SEASONALITY
>>> supply and demand factors
>>> consumption of tourists

12. DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING LAYERS
International tourism planning

National tourism planning

Regional/Local tourism
planning


13. THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
PLANNING PROCESS

Study recognition and preparation

Setting of objectives or goals for the strategy

Survey of existing data

Implementatin of new surveys

Analyses

Policy and plan formulation

Recommendations

Implementation of the plan

Monitoring and reformulation

14. DEVELOPMENT PLAN TEAM
The Development plan team wil consist of
four groups of specialists, falling into the
broad categories of technical services,
marketing specialists, planners and
economists

15. DEVELOPMENT PLAN
FIVE DISTINCT PHASES

Identification and inventory of the
existing situation

Forecasts for the future

Plan formulation

Specific project development

Implementation

16. The successful development of tourism requires the construction of a
development plan or strategy that is flexible and thorough.
Flexibility is required in order to adjust and reformulate in response
to internal and external changes.
Thoroughness is required because of the complexity of the tourism
industry and the economic, environmental and social consequences
of its development.

17. Although the process of tourism development planning will be specific from
destination to destination there are processes that need to be followed at
national and sub-national levels and these processes provide the
framework for tourism development planning.
Tourism development plan failure is likely to be attributable to failures at
either the design stage (inadequate planning structure) or the
Implementation stage .
It is important that authorities have contingency plans in place to deal with
unexpected events that may knock the tourism strategy off corse.